Epidemiology of injuries in professional football: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological data of injuries in professional male football. METHOD: Forty-four studies have reported the incidence of injuries in football. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed trial quality using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement and Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Studies were combined in a pooled analysis using a Poisson random effects regression model. RESULTS: The overall incidence of injuries in professional male football players was 8.1 injuries/1000 hours of exposure. Match injury incidence (36 injuries/1000 hours of exposure) was almost 10 times higher than training injury incidence rate (3.7 injuries/1000 hours of exposure). Lower extremity injuries had the highest incidence rates (6.8 injuries/1000 hours of exposure). The most common types of injuries were muscle/tendon (4.6 injuries/1000 hours of exposure), which were frequently associated with traumatic incidents. Minor injuries (1-3 days of time loss) were the most common. The incidence rate of injuries in the top 5 European professional leagues was not different to that of the professional leagues in other countries (6.8 vs 7.6 injuries/1000 hours of exposure, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Professional male football players have a substantial risk of sustaining injuries, especially during matches.

The relationship between sense of coherence and emotional intelligence as individual health assets for mental health promotion in students and healthcare professionals: a scoping review.

Introduction: Workplace Mental health promotion in healthcare sector, is a global priority due to the stress associated with caregiving environments and the increase of mental health problems among health professionals and students. The role of emotional intelligence (EI) and sense of coherence (SOC) have been identified as critical health protectors. However, the relationship between them as well as the underlying mechanisms of these relationships on health benefits in this population is still unclear. Aim: To synthetize the existing literature on the relationship between emotional intelligence and sense of coherence, as well as their mutual impact on healthcare workers' and student's well-being. Method: A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. A systematic search was conducted in PsyCINFO, CINHAL, SCOPUS and PUBMED databases, using key-terms such as students, health professionals, emotional intelligence, and sense of coherence. Results: A total of 11 articles were included, with a range of years from 2014 to 2022. Evidence was found to support the positive relationship between sense of coherence and emotional intelligence. The use of EI as a training pathway to improve SOC and health promoting behaviors is suggested. The benefits of intervening on these factors contribute to improved health professionals' and students' general well-being and motivation for a better performance, either in their studies or clinical work. Conclusion: The positive relationship between emotional intelligence and a sense of coherence has direct and indirect benefits on students' and healthcare professionals' well-being. Future studies should address longitudinal and experimental analysis to confirm these findings.

Epidemiology of injuries in male and female youth football players: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological data of injuries in male and female youth football players. METHODS: Searches were performed in MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and SPORTDiscus databases. Studies were considered if they reported injury incidence rate in male and female youth (≤19 years old) football players. Two reviewers (FJRP and ALV) extracted data and assessed trial quality using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach determined the quality of evidence. Studies were combined using a Poisson random effects regression model. RESULTS: Forty-three studies were included. The overall incidence rate was 5.70 injuries/1000 h in males and 6.77 injuries/1000 h in females. Match injury incidence (14.43 injuries/1000 h in males and 14.97 injuries/1000 h in females) was significantly higher than training injury incidence (2.77 injuries/1000 h in males and 2.62 injuries/1000 h in females). The lower extremity had the highest incidence rate in both sexes. The most common type of injury was muscle/tendon for males and joint/ligament for females. Minimal injuries were the most common in both sexes. The incidence rate of injuries increased with advances in chronological age in males. Elite male players presented higher match injury incidence than sub-elite players. In females, there was a paucity of data for comparison across age groups and levels of play. CONCLUSION: The high injury incidence rates and sex differences identified for the most common location and type of injury reinforce the need for implementing different targeted injury-risk mitigation strategies in male and female youth football players.

Epidemiology of injuries in elite male and female futsal: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The main purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis quantifying the incidence of injuries in futsal players. A systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases and subsequently, six studies (14 cohorts) were selected. Separate meta-analyses for male and female players were conducted using a Poisson random-effect regression model approach. The overall and match incidence rates in elite male futsal players were 6.8 (95% CI = 0.0-15.2) and 44.9 (95% CI = 17.2-72.6) injuries/1000 hours of exposure. Pooled training injury rate in male players was not calculated due to the lack of studies reporting training injuries in this cohort. For females, an overall, training and match incidence rates of 5.3 (95% CI = 3.5-7), 5.1 (95% CI = 2.7-7.6) and 10.3 (95% CI = 0.6-20.1) injuries/1000 hours of exposure were reported. In males, match incidence rate in International tournaments was 8.5 times higher than in national leagues (77.2 [95% CI = 60.0-94.5] vs 9.1 [95% CI = 0.0-19.3] for international tournaments and national leagues, respectively). Elite male and female futsal players are exposed to a substantial risk of sustaining injuries, especially during matches.

Caracterización de pacientes con diagnóstico anatomopatológico de enfermedad cerebrovascular / Characterization of patients with an anatomopathological diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease

Introducción:En Cuba, las enfermedades cerebrovasculares (ECV) son padecimientos crónicos no trasmisibles muy frecuentes. Objetivos: Caracterizar a pacientes de la unidad de cuidados intensivos, con diagnóstico anatomopatológico de ECV. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en una muestra de 176 pacientes. Variables estudiadas: edad (19-39 años, 40-59 años, 60-100 años), sexo, tipo de ECV (hemorrágica, isquémica), escala APACHE II (≤ 15, > 15 puntos) y de coma Glasgow al ingreso (≤ 8, > 8 puntos), ventilación mecánica (sí, no), estadía (≤ 7, > 7 días) y causa directa de muerte. Se calcularon las frecuencias, medidas de tendencia central, pruebas de ji cuadrado y t de Student (nivel de significación el 5 por ciento). Resultados: Predominaron la enfermedad cerebrovascular hemorrágica, el sexo masculino (52,8 por ciento) y el grupo de edad de 60-100 años (64,8 por ciento). La edad media fue de 63,8 años. La media del valor de las escalas APACHE II y Glasgow fue de 21,6 y 6,5 puntos. El 97,6 por ciento recibió ventilación mecánica. La estadía media fue de 7,0 días. El edema cerebral intenso constituyó la principal causa de muerte directa (79,3 por ciento). Conclusiones: Existe predominio de la ECV de tipo hemorrágica, en pacientes del sexo masculino, de 60-100 años, con APACHE II > 15 puntos, Glasgow ≤ 8 puntos, ventilados, estadía ≤ 7 días y edema cerebral intenso(AU)

Introduction: In Cuba, cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) are very common non-communicable chronic conditions. Objectives: Characterize patients from intensive care unit with a pathological diagnosis of CVD. Methods: Observational, descriptive and transversal study in a sample of 176 patients. Variables: age (19-39 years, 40-59 years, 60-100 years), sex, type of CVD (hemorrhagic, ischemic), APACHE II scale (≤ 15, > 15 score) and Glasgow coma on admission (≤ 8, > 8 score), mechanical ventilation (yes, no), length of stay (≤ 7, > 7 days) and direct cause of death. Frequencies, measures of central tendency, chi-square and Student's t tests (significance level of 5 percent) were calculated. Results: Hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease, male sex (52.8 percent) and the age group of 60-100 years (64.8 percent) predominated. The mean age was 63.8 years. The average value of the APACHE II and Glasgow scales was 21.6 and 6.5. 97.6 percent received mechanical ventilation. The mean stay was 7.0 days. Severe cerebral edema was the main cause of direct death (79.3 percent). Conclusions: There is a predominance of hemorrhagic CVD, in male patients, aged 60-100 years, APACHE II score > 15, Glasgow score ≤ 8, ventilated patients, stay ≤ 7 days and intense cerebral edema(AU)

Caracterización de pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en la unidad de cuidados intensivos

RESUMEN Introducción: La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica se caracteriza por la limitación del flujo aéreo, no completamente reversible, progresiva y asociada a respuesta inflamatoria anormal de los pulmones. Objetivos: Caracterizar a pacientes con antecedentes de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, ingresados en cuidados intensivos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo en una serie de 347 pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica ingresados en cuidados intensivos. Se estudiaron las variables edad, sexo, causa de ingreso, estado al egreso, valor de la escala APACHE II al ingreso, ventilación mecánica invasiva, traqueostomía, y causa directa de muerte según necropsias realizadas. Se calcularon distribuciones de frecuencia absoluta y relativa, medidas de tendencia central y para comparación, las pruebas de ji cuadrado y t de Student, con un nivel de significación del 5 %. Resultados: La edad media fue de 72,1 ± 8,2 años. Predominaron el sexo femenino (52,7 %) y el grupo de edad de 60-79 años (67,1 %). La proporción sexo femenino/ masculino fue de 1,1:1,0. Egresaron fallecidos 64,8 % de los pacientes. Hubo diferencias significativas entre la edad media de los fallecidos y los vivos (p = 0,001). La causa de ingreso clínico tuvo el mayor número de ingresos (86,7 %). La media del valor del APACHE II fue superior en los fallecidos (21,0 vs. 15,2). El 81,3 % de los pacientes recibió ventilación mecánica, y al 17,3 % se le realizó traqueostomía. La principal causa de muerte fue la bronconeumonía bacteriana (67,2 %). Conclusiones: Los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos tienen alta mortalidad y está asociada a tres principales causas directas de muertes: bronconeumonía bacteriana, tromboembolismo pulmonar y el choque séptico.

ABSTRACT Introduction: COPD is characterized by limitation of the airflow, progressive, partially reversible and associated to an abnormal inflammatory responsive of the lungs. Objective: To characterize patients with COPD admitted at the Intensive Care Unit. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective study was carried out in a series of 347 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admitted to intensive care. The variables age, sex, cause of admission, discharge status, APACHE II scale value at admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, and direct cause of death according to autopsies performed were studied. Absolute and relative frequency distributions, measures of central tendency, and for comparison, the chi-square and Student's t tests were calculated, with a significance level of 5%. Results: The mean age was of 72,1 ± 8,2 years. The female sex (52.7%) and the age group of 60-79 years (67.1%) predominated. The female / male sex ratio was 1.1: 1.0. 64.8% of the patients were discharged dead. There were significant differences between the mean age of the deceased and the living (p = 0.001). The cause of clinical admission had the highest number of admissions (86.7%). The mean APACHE II value was higher in the deceased (21.0 vs. 15.2). 81.3% of the patients received mechanical ventilation, and 17.3% underwent a tracheostomy. The main cause of death was bacterial bronchopneumonia (67.2%). Conclusions: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admitted to the intensive care unit have high mortality and it is associated with three main direct causes of death: bacterial bronchopneumonia, pulmonary thromboembolism and septic shock.

Caracterización de pacientes con antecedentes de alcoholismo crónico en una unidad de cuidados intensivos / Characterization of the patient with a history of chronic alcoholism in the intensive care unit

Introducción: El alcoholismo constituye el tercer factor de riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad en el mundo. Objetivo: Caracterizar pacientes con antecedentes de alcoholismo crónico, ingresados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. La serie quedó constituida por 123 pacientes. Se utilizaron para las variables cualitativas el análisis estadístico univariado, (frecuencia absoluta y relativa) y en las cuantitativas la media aritmética y desviación estándar. Para el contraste de hipótesis se utilizó la prueba del Chi cuadrado para los datos cualitativos y la prueba t de Student. La cuantificación del riesgo se efectuó por el odds ratio con intervalo de confianza del 95 por ciento. Se consideró como nivel de significación el 5 por ciento. Resultados: La edad media fue de 58,5 ± 12,4 años. Predominó el grupo de edad de 40-59 años (48,8 por ciento) y el sexo masculino (92,7 por ciento). La proporción sexo masculino/ femenino fue de 12,7:1. Más de la mitad de los pacientes egresaron fallecidos (56,1 por ciento). El ingreso por causa clínica presentó el mayor número de pacientes (67,5 por ciento). La media del valor de la escala APACHE II fue de 18,1; en los fallecidos fue superior que en los vivos (22,0 vs 13,1). Más de la mitad de los pacientes fueron ventilados (67,4 por ciento). La estadía media fue de 6,9 días, más prolongada en los fallecidos (8,1 vs 5,4). La principal causa de muerte fue la bronconeumonía bacteriana (28,6 por ciento). Conclusiones: La mortalidad de pacientes con antecedentes de alcoholismo crónico fue elevada(AU)

Objective: Characterization of alcoholic patients with admitted at the Intensive Care Unit. Method: A descriptive and retrospective study. The final sample was 123 patients. The statistical methods for the study included absolute and relative frequency distributions, central tendency measures, Chi-square and Student´s t tests. Results: Average age was of 58, 5 ± 12,4 years old. The 40-59 (48, 8 percent) prevailed as well as Males (92, 7 percent). The proportion of male/female sex was of 12, 7:1, 0. More than half of the patients died (56, 1 percent). The media age of this group was lightly high to that of the alive discharged patients (60,0 vs 56,6 years old). The clinic admittance cause was most frequent (67, 5 percent). The mean of APACHE II value was 18, 1 and it was higher in the diseased than in the survivors (22, 0 vs 13, 1). Most patients ventilated (71, 5 percent). The main stay was 6, 9 days, more extended in the dead (8, 1 vs 5, 4). The main causes of death were bacterial bronchopneumonia (28, 6 percent). Conclusion: Patients with antecedent of alcoholism have high mortality(AU)

Morbilidad y mortalidad de pacientes de la cuarta edad en la unidad de cuidados intensivos / Morbidity and mortality of fourth age patietns at the intensive care unit

Introducción: El ingreso de pacientes de la cuarta edad en unidades de cuidados intensivos se incrementó en los últimos años. Objetivo: Determinar la morbilidad y mortalidad de pacientes de la cuarta edad en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. Serie constituida por 703 pacientes. Variables: edad, sexo, causas de ingreso, estadía, APACHE II, ventilación mecánica, estado al egreso y causa directa de muerte. Estadísticos: distribuciones de frecuencia absoluta y relativa, medidas de tendencia central, pruebas de Chi-cuadrado y t de Student. Nivel de significación 5 por ciento. esultados: La edad media fue de 84,2 ± 3,2 años. Predominaron el sexo femenino (57,7 por ciento) y el grupo de edad de 75 - 79 años (46,8 por ciento). La proporción del sexo femenino/masculino fue de 1,09:1,0. Más de la mitad de los pacientes egresaron fallecidos (60,7 por ciento). No hubo diferencias significativas entre las medias de la edad de los fallecidos y de los egresados vivos (80,7 vs 80,4 años). El ingreso clínico tuvo el mayor número de pacientes (69,7 por ciento). La media del valor de la escala APACHE II al ingreso fue de 20,1; en los fallecidos fue superior (23,0 vs 15,5). La estadía media fue de 5,7 días, más prolongada en los fallecidos (6,7 vs 4,3). El 61,5 por ciento de los pacientes recibieron ventilación mecánica. La principal causa directa de muerte fue la bronconeumonía bacteriana (36,9 por ciento). Conclusiones: Los pacientes de la cuarta edad tuvieron mortalidad elevada, asociada principalmente a la bronconeumonía bacteriana y un porcentaje alto requirió ventilación mecánica(AU)

Introduction: The admission of patients of fourth age in intensive care units has increased in the last years. Objectives: To determinate the mortality and morbidity of the patients of the fourth age. Methods: A retrospective and descriptive study. The series consisted of 703 patients. Variables: age, sex, cause of admitted, stay, APACHE II, mechanical ventilation, status of issue, direct cause of death. The statistical methods used were the absolute and relative frequency distributions, measures of central tendency, as well as the Chi-square and Student´s t tests. A significant level of 5 percent was considered. Results: The average age was 84.2 ± 3.2 years. Females (57. 7 percent) and the 75-79 years age group (46, 8 percent) predominated. The ratio of women/men was 1. 09/1. 0. Over half of the patients died on discharge (60. 7 percent). There were not significant differences between average ages of deceased and the living patients (80. 7 vs 80. 4 years). The clinical admission showed the highest number of patients (69. 7 percent). The mean of APACHE II was 20. 1, being higher in patients dead that in the ones alive (23. 0 vs 15. 5). The average stay was 5.7 days, longer in the deceased patients (6. 7 vs 4. 3). 71.5 percent of patients received mechanical ventilation. The main direct cause of death was bacterial bronchial pneumonia (36. 9 percent). Conclusions: the patient of fourth age admitted to the intensive care unit has higher mortality and high percentage require mechanical ventilationAU

Bacteriemias en la unidad de cuidados intensivos / Bacteremia in the intensive care unit

Introducción: La bacteriemia es la infección caracterizada por la presencia de bacterias en la sangre, fenómeno frecuente en el medio hospitalario y más en las unidades de cuidados intensivos. Objetivo: Determinar las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de pacientes con bacteriemias en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital Militar Central "Dr. Carlos J. Finlay", durante los años 2016 y 2017. De 397 pacientes con bacteriemia, fueron incluidos quienes tenían 18 años o más de edad, con ingreso en cuidados intensivos durante 48 horas o más y con hemocultivos positivos. Resultados: Hemocultivos; resultaron positivos 143 (5,75 por ciento). Pacientes: el 37,1 por ciento resultó mayor de 60 años. Fueron bacteriemias secundarias el 87,41 por ciento, el foco de infección más frecuente fue el catéter venoso central (44,05 por ciento) y el sistema respiratorio (40,55 por ciento). Los gérmenes que crecieron en los hemocultivos fueron Estafilococo coagulasa positivo (23,77 por ciento) seguido del Acinetobacter (16,78 por ciento). Fueron monomicrobianos 103 cultivos y 40 polimicrobianos. Hubo shock séptico en 54 pacientes (37,76 por ciento) y fallecieron 47. La mortalidad global fue de 32,86 por ciento. Conclusiones: La incidencia de bacteriemias secundarias fue superior a las primarias, así como las monomicrobianas sobre las polimicrobianas. El foco de infección más frecuente fue el sistema respiratorio y los factores de riesgo presentes fueron: nutrición parenteral, diabetes mellitus, neoplasia y edad superior a los 60 años. El germen más frecuente fue el estafilococo coagulasa positivo. La incidencia de shock séptico y la mortalidad fueron elevadas(AU)

Introduction: Bacteremia is the infection characterized by the presence of bacteria in the blood, a frequent phenomenon in the hospital environment and more in the intensive care units. Objective: To determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with bacteremia in the intensive care unit. Method: Descriptive study in the intensive care unit of the Central Military Hospital "Dr. Carlos J. Finlay ", during the years 2016 and 2017. Of 397 patients with bacteremia, those aged 18 years and over were included, admitted to intensive care for 48 hours or more and with positive blood cultures. Results: 143 blood cultures (5.75 percent) were positive; 37.1 percent of the patients were older than 60 years. Secondary bacteremia was 87.41%, the most common source of infection was the central venous catheter (44.05 percent) and the respiratory system (40.55 percent). Germs that grew in blood cultures: positive coagulase staphylococcus (23.77 percent) followed by Acinetobacter (16.78 percent); 103 cultures were monomicrobial and 40 polymicrobial. There was septic shock in 54 patients (37.76 percent) and 47 died. The overall mortality was 32.86 percent. Conclusions: The incidence of secondary bacteremia was higher than the primary, as well as the monomicrobial over the polymicrobial. The most frequent source of infection was the respiratory system and the risk factors present were: parenteral nutrition, diabetes mellitus, neoplasia and age over 60 years. Staphylococcus coagulase positive was the most frequent germ. The incidence of septic shock and mortality were high(AU)

Cuidado de heridos en el combate táctico / Care of wounded in tactical combat

Introducción: las fuerzas armadas norteamericanas han estado desarrollando un sistema de tratamiento y evacuación médico expedicionario que permite disminuir el número de fallecidos hasta valores muy bajos. Uno de los factores que ha facilitado este resultado es el protocolo de tratamiento de las bajas sanitarias en combates tácticos conocido en inglés como Tactical Combat Casualty Care. Objetivo: brindar información actualizada sobre el origen y conceptos de este. Métodos: se revisó la literatura internacional utilizando combinaciones de palabras claves relacionadas con este tema mediante buscadores (Pubmed, Clinicalkey, Hinari, Ebsco), desde enero del 2001 hasta noviembre del 2016. Desarrollo: en el año 1984 el Coronel Ronald Bellamy del ejército de los EE.UU. en su artículo denominado Causas de muertes en el combate terrestre convencional. Implicaciones en las investigaciones sobre las bajas sanitarias, desafió a la comunidad militar para que enfrentara estas realidades, revisó las causas de muerte en escenarios combativos analizando los datos históricos sobre heridas recogidos por diferentes investigadores que se basaron en la efectividad de las diferentes municiones durante la guerra de Vietnam. Definió que durante las operaciones combativas terrestres convencionales, la mayoría de las muertes resultan por heridas catastróficas. Conclusiones: este protocolo surgió por la necesidad de disminuir las muertes prevenibles en los escenarios combativos y bajo consideraciones tácticas. Debido a su gran repercusión en el tratamiento del lesionado en los escenarios combativos se ha convertido en el documento rector de los servicios médicos de la mayoría de los ejércitos del mundo(AU)

Introduction: The United States Armed Forces have been developing an expeditionary medical treatment and evacuation system that allows to reduce the number of deaths to very low. One of the factors that has facilitated this result is the Tactical Combat Casualty Care protocol. Objective: To provide updated information on the origin and concepts of this. Methods: The international literature was reviewed using combinations of keywords related to this topic through search engines (Pubmed, Clinicalkey, Hinari, Ebsco), from January 2001 to November 2016. Body: In 1984 Colonel Ronald Bellamy of the Army of the USA in his article entitled Causes of deaths in conventional terrestrial combat. Implications of Health Disposal Investigations, challenged the military community to address these realities, reviewed causes of death in combat scenarios by analyzing historical data on injuries collected by different researchers who relied on the effectiveness of different ammunition during the Viet Nam war. He stated that during conventional ground fighting operations, most of the deaths result from catastrophic injuries. Conclusions: This protocol arose because of the need to reduce preventable deaths in combat scenarios and under tactical considerations. Due to its great impact in the treatment of the injured in the combative scenarios has become the guiding document of the medical services of the majority of the armies of the world(AU)