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1.
Ecol Lett ; 24(12): 2687-2699, 2021 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34636143

RESUMO

Insect phenological lability is key for determining which species will adapt under environmental change. However, little is known about when adult insect activity terminates and overall activity duration. We used community-science and museum specimen data to investigate the effects of climate and urbanisation on timing of adult insect activity for 101 species varying in life history traits. We found detritivores and species with aquatic larval stages extend activity periods most rapidly in response to increasing regional temperature. Conversely, species with subterranean larval stages have relatively constant durations regardless of regional temperature. Species extended their period of adult activity similarly in warmer conditions regardless of voltinism classification. Longer adult durations may represent a general response to warming, but voltinism data in subtropical environments are likely underreported. This effort provides a framework to address the drivers of adult insect phenology at continental scales and a basis for predicting species response to environmental change.


Assuntos
Características de História de Vida , Animais , Clima , Mudança Climática , Insetos , Estações do Ano , Temperatura
2.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34639835

RESUMO

Malnutrition, in all its forms, during the critical stages of child growth and development can have lifelong impacts on health and well-being. While most forms of malnutrition can be prevented with simple dietary interventions, both undernutrition and overnutrition remain persistent and burdensome challenges for large portions of the global population, especially for young children who are dependent on others for nourishment. In addition to dietary factors, children's health also faces the growing challenges of climate change, environmental degradation, pollution, and infectious disease. Food production and consumption practices both sit at the nexus of these issues, and both must be significantly transformed if we are to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. Food sources (i.e., animal-source foods vs. plant-source foods), food production practices, the effects of food processing, the impacts of a more globalized food system, and food loss and waste have all been receiving growing attention in health and sustainability research and policy discussions. Much of this work points to recommendations to reduce resource-intensive animal-source foods, heavily processed foods, and foods associated with excessive waste and pollution, while simultaneously increasing plant-source options. However, some of these recommendations require a little more nuance when considered in the context of issues such as global child health. All types of foods can play significant roles in providing essential nutrition for children across the globe, and for improving the well-being and livelihoods of their families and communities. Dairy foods provide a prime example of this need for nuance, as both dairy production practices and consumption patterns vary greatly throughout the world, as do their impacts on child health and food system sustainability. The objective of this narrative review is to highlight the role of dairy in supporting child health in the context of food system sustainability. When considering child health within this context it is recommended to take a holistic approach that considers all four domains of sustainability (health, economics, society, and the environment) to better weigh trade-offs, optimize outcomes, and avoid unintended consequences. To ensure that children have access to nutritious and safe foods within sustainable food systems, special consideration of their needs must be included within the broader food systems transformation narrative.


Assuntos
Saúde da Criança , Abastecimento de Alimentos , Animais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Alimentos , Humanos , Estado Nutricional , Desenvolvimento Sustentável
3.
Pediatr Dev Pathol ; 17(6): 421-30, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25133308

RESUMO

Costello syndrome is a rare, autosomal-dominant syndrome caused by activating missense mutations in the Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (HRAS), most often p.G12S. Several rare mutations have consistently been associated with a more severe phenotype that is often lethal in infancy. Cause of death is most often respiratory failure, with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy playing a significant role in morbidity. Impaired fibroblast elastogenesis is thought to contribute to the Costello phenotype, but reports of histologic evidence of disordered elastogenesis at autopsy are limited. We report a patient with Costello syndrome due to a rare tandem base substitution (c.35_36GC>AA) resulting in the p.G12E missense change. The proband died at the age of 3 months from respiratory failure, with minimal evidence of cardiomyopathy. The autopsy disclosed pulmonary vascular dysplasia affecting small arteries and veins associated with abnormal elastin distribution in tortuous dilated arteries and veins, with nonuniform wall thickness and semiobstructive lesions at artery branch points typical of early pulmonary hypertensive vascular disease. Elastic fibers in the dermis were abnormally short and fragmented. This case suggests that disordered elastogenesis in the pulmonary vasculature and undiagnosed (or underdiagnosed) pulmonary hypertension may contribute to morbidity in patients with Costello syndrome.


Assuntos
Hipertensão Pulmonar/genética , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/genética , Síndrome da Disfunção da Articulação Temporomandibular/genética , Autopsia , Sequência de Bases , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Tecido Elástico/patologia , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/patologia , Lactente , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fenótipo , Artéria Pulmonar/patologia , Veias Pulmonares/patologia , Síndrome da Disfunção da Articulação Temporomandibular/patologia
4.
PLoS One ; 7(1): e30471, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22303441

RESUMO

Crocodyliforms were one of the most successful groups of Mesozoic tetrapods, radiating into terrestrial, semiaquatic and marine environments, while occupying numerous trophic niches, including carnivorous, insectivorous, herbivorous, and piscivorous species. Among these taxa were the enigmatic, poorly represented flat-headed crocodyliforms from the late Cretaceous of northern Africa. Here we report a new, giant crocodyliform from the early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Kem Kem Formation of Morocco. Represented by a partial braincase, the taxon has an extremely long, flat skull with large jaw and craniocervical muscles. The skull roof is ridged and ornamented with a broad, rough boss surrounded by significant vascular impressions, likely forming an integumentary structure unique among crocodyliforms. Size estimates using endocranial volume indicate the specimen was very large. The taxon possesses robust laterosphenoids with laterally oriented capitate processes and isolated epipterygoids, features allying it with derived eusuchians. Phylogenetic analysis finds the taxon to be a derived eusuchian and sister taxon to Aegyptosuchus, a poorly understood, early Late Cretaceous taxon from the Bahariya formation. This clade forms the sister clade of crown-group Crocodylia, making these taxa the earliest eusuchian crocodyliforms known from Africa. These results shift phylogenetic and biogeographical hypotheses on the origin of modern crocodylians towards the circum-Tethyean region and provide important new data on eusuchian morphology and evolution.


Assuntos
Jacarés e Crocodilos/anatomia & histologia , Evolução Biológica , Tegumento Comum/anatomia & histologia , Crânio/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Fósseis , Imageamento Tridimensional , Marrocos , Tamanho do Órgão , Filogeografia
5.
Anat Rec (Hoboken) ; 293(8): 1350-9, 2010 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20665813

RESUMO

Although the mandibular symphysis is a functionally and evolutionarily important feature of the vertebrate skull, little is known about the soft-tissue morphology of the joint in squamate reptiles. Lizards evolved a diversity of skull shapes and feeding behaviors, thus it is expected that the morphology of the symphysis will correspond with functional patterns. Here, we present new histological data illustrating the morphology of the joint in a number of taxa including iguanians, geckos, scincomorphs, lacertoids, and anguimorphs. The symphyses of all taxa exhibit dorsal and ventral fibrous portions of the joints that possess an array of parallel and woven collagen fibers. The middle and ventral portions of the joints are complemented by contributions of Meckel's cartilage. Kinetic taxa have more loosely built symphyses with large domains of parallel-oriented fibers whereas hard biting and akinetic taxa have symphyses primarily composed of dense, woven fibers. Whereas most taxa maintain unfused Meckel's cartilages, iguanians, and geckos independently evolved fused Meckel's cartilages; however, the joint's morphologies suggest different developmental mechanisms. Fused Meckel's cartilages may be associated with the apomorphic lingual behaviors exhibited by iguanians (tongue translation) and geckos (drinking). These morphological data shed new light on the functional, developmental, and evolutionary patterns displayed by the heads of lizards.


Assuntos
Evolução Biológica , Cartilagem/anatomia & histologia , Articulações/anatomia & histologia , Lagartos/anatomia & histologia , Mandíbula/anatomia & histologia , Crânio/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Iguanas/anatomia & histologia
6.
J Fluoresc ; 14(2): 145-50, 2004 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15615040

RESUMO

The spectral properties of a rigidified trimethine cyanine dye, Cy3B have been characterised. This probe has excellent fluorescent properties, good water solubility and can be bioconjugated. The emission properties of this fluorophore have also been investigated upon conjugation to an antibody. This study compared the conjugated emission properties of Cy3B with other commercially available fluorophores emitting at similar wavelengths.


Assuntos
Benzenossulfonatos/química , Carbocianinas/química , Corantes Fluorescentes/química , Benzenossulfonatos/síntese química , Carbocianinas/síntese química , Fluorescência , Imunoglobulina G/química
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