Thermally coupled energy levels of Eu 3+ within the BaHfO3 matrix, excited with UV radiation.

The present work reports the study of the thermally coupled energy levels of the trivalent europium ion in the barium hafnate matrix, in the temperature range of 289.7-323.8 K, through the application of ultraviolet radiation. Barium hafnate doped with 1, 3, and 5 atomic % trivalent europium ion was synthesized by the hydrothermal route, using chlorides as precursor elements. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the material crystallized in the perovskite cubic phase of barium hafnate, according to diffraction card file number #24-0102. Using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, it was observed that the obtained crystals have an average size of 10 nm. From the photoluminescent analysis at room temperature, it was found that the sample doped with 3.0% atomic of trivalent europium displayed with the highest luminescent emission, while the photoluminescent analysis as a function of temperature showed that the bands associated with the 5D0 → 7FJ (J = 1,2,3,4) transitions have a strong dependence on temperature in the physical range.

Measurement of spherical and cylindrical power in ophthalmic lenses based in the change of lateral amplification.

In this article, we present a new technique to measure spherical and cylindrical power in ophthalmic lenses. This method is based in the change of lateral amplification produced by an optical system when introducing an ophthalmic lens. Ophthalmic lens power is calculated by considering the change in image size from a reference object and its own image seen through the ophthalmic lens. Mathematical analysis is presented along with the experimental setup and the obtained results. Several algorithms were applied to the obtained results as a method to compensate the error in order to fit into ISO 8598 specifications.