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1.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 29(2): 286-293, 2023 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36596569

RESUMO

In March 2022, a 61-year-old woman in France who had received a heart-lung transplant sought treatment with chronic hepatitis mainly characterized by increased liver enzymes. After ruling out common etiologies, we used metagenomic next-generation sequencing to analyze a liver biopsy sample and identified an unknown species of circovirus, tentatively named human circovirus 1 (HCirV-1). We found no other viral or bacterial sequences. HCirV-1 shared 70% amino acid identity with the closest known viral sequences. The viral genome was undetectable in blood samples from 2017-2019, then became detectable at low levels in September 2020 and peaked at very high titers (1010 genome copies/mL) in January 2022. In March 2022, we found >108 genome copies/g or mL in the liver and blood, concomitant with hepatic cytolysis. We detected HCirV-1 transcripts in 2% of hepatocytes, demonstrating viral replication and supporting the role of HCirV-1 in liver damage.


Assuntos
Circovirus , Transplante de Coração-Pulmão , Hepatite A , Hepatite , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Circovirus/genética , Genoma Viral
2.
Ann Hematol ; 102(8): 2059-2068, 2023 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37386347

RESUMO

Data on mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) in autoimmune cytopenia (AIC), in adults are scarce. We retrospectively analysed 30 cases of refractory or relapsing AIC treated with an mTORi-based therapy. Eleven warm autoimmune hemolytic anaemia, 10 autoimmune thrombocytopenia, 6 acquired pure red cell aplasia, 3 autoimmune neutropenia were included. Twenty were multilineage AIC (67%) and 21 were secondary AIC (70%). mTORi were associated with other therapies in 23 AIC (77%). Twenty-two AIC (73%) responded to mTORi-based therapy: 5 reached a partial response (17%) and 17 a complete response (57%). Survival without unfavourable outcome (failure, requirement of a new therapy, or death) was longer in multilineage AIC compared to single-lineage AIC (p = 0.049) with a median event-free survival of 48 versus 12 months. Median event-free survival was 48 months in secondary AIC and 33 months in primary AIC (p = 0.79). mTORi were discontinued in 4 patients (15%) for safety reasons and in 3 patients for patient's choice (12%). In conclusion, mTORi could be considered as an alternative or an add-on therapy in refractory or relapsing AIC in adult patients, especially in multilineage AIC.


Assuntos
Anemia Hemolítica Autoimune , Trombocitopenia , Humanos , Adulto , Inibidores de MTOR , Estudos Retrospectivos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Anemia Hemolítica Autoimune/tratamento farmacológico , Trombocitopenia/tratamento farmacológico
3.
Br J Haematol ; 196(3): 599-605, 2022 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34585382

RESUMO

Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a non-clonal inflammatory lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown origin. Recently, TAFRO syndrome (thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis and organomegaly) emerged as a singular variant of iMCD in Asia and was associated with a severe course and a poor outcome. The present study describes the first large Western cohort of TAFRO syndrome patients (n = 25) meeting the All Japan TAFRO Syndrome Research Group diagnostic criteria. Characteristics of TAFRO patients were compared to iMCD-not otherwise specified (iMCD-NOS) patients used as a control group (n = 43). Our results show that despite baseline characteristics in accordance with previously reported series, Western TAFRO syndrome patients do not appear to present with a worse outcome than iMCD-NOS patients. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding treatment choice, response to rituximab (71% vs. 67%) or tocilizumab (69% vs. 91%) in TAFRO and iMCD-NOS, respectively. The two-year overall survival was above 95% in both groups. Limits of inclusion and exclusion criteria for TAFRO definition are also discussed. Our findings raise the question of the singularity of the TAFRO entity in Western countries. The data should promote further research using unsupervised models to identify markers of disease severity in Western cohorts of iMCD patients.


Assuntos
Hiperplasia do Linfonodo Gigante/diagnóstico , Fenótipo , Adulto , Biópsia , Hiperplasia do Linfonodo Gigante/etiologia , Hiperplasia do Linfonodo Gigante/mortalidade , Hiperplasia do Linfonodo Gigante/terapia , Tomada de Decisão Clínica , Terapia Combinada , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Gerenciamento Clínico , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Síndrome , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
4.
Virol J ; 19(1): 172, 2022 10 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36316777

RESUMO

Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are a heterogeneous entity with an increasing number of late diagnoses. Besides infections, inflammatory manifestations are a growing part of the clinical landscape of IEI. These complications are of unknown causes and often lead to the prescription of immunosuppressive agents that worsen the underlying immune defect. We here report the case of an adult patient diagnosed with chronic Human Adenovirus C-1 arthritis in the setting of primary agammaglobulinemia. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing led to the correct diagnosis and high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins resulted in complete recovery. This observation gives new insights into adenoviral immunity and underlines the importance of metagenomics in the diagnosis of inflammatory manifestations in immunocompromised patients.


Assuntos
Adenovírus Humanos , Agamaglobulinemia , Artrite , Adulto , Humanos , Agamaglobulinemia/complicações , Agamaglobulinemia/diagnóstico , Adenoviridae/genética , Artrite/diagnóstico , Artrite/complicações , Imunoglobulinas Intravenosas/uso terapêutico
5.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis ; 41(10): 1269-1273, 2022 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36001207

RESUMO

A 45-year-old female patient receiving rituximab for B cell non-Hodgkin follicular lymphoma presented unexplained recurrent fever, abdominal discomfort, and pollakiuria. We performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing from peri-kidney collection that identified a co-infection with Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. The patient recovered with sequelae after appropriate antibiotic treatment was given.


Assuntos
Infecções por Mycoplasma , Infecções por Ureaplasma , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Mycoplasma/microbiologia , Mycoplasma hominis , Rituximab/uso terapêutico , Ureaplasma , Infecções por Ureaplasma/microbiologia , Ureaplasma urealyticum
6.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother ; 64(12)2020 11 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32988822

RESUMO

Intravenous administration of antibiotics is recommended during the early phase of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) bone and joint infection (BJI). We sought to compare the plasma concentrations of cloxacillin administered alternately by continuous and intermittent infusion (CI and ItI) in patients with MSSA BJI. In this prospective crossover trial, patients were randomly assigned to receive either 3 days of CI (two 75-mg/kg 12-h cloxacillin infusions per day) and then 3 days of ItI (four 37.5-mg/kg 1-h cloxacillin infusions per day) or vice versa. The drug concentration measurement was performed on day 3 of each type of administration at 1, 6, and 11 h and at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 h after the beginning of CI and ItI, respectively. We used the nonparametric algorithm NPAG to estimate population pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters. The final model was used to perform pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) simulations and calculate the probabilities of target attainment (PTA) for several ItI and CI dosing regimens. We considered two PK/PD targets of time spent above the MIC for free cloxacillin concentrations (fT>MIC): 50 and 100%. Eighty-four concentrations from 11 patients were analyzed. A two-compartment model adequately described the data. ItI with q6h regimens and short 1-h infusions of 2,000 or 3,000 mg were associated with low PTA, even for the low target (50% fT>MIC) while 3-h infusions and continuous infusions (6 to 12 g/day) were associated with a PTA of >90% for an MIC up to 0.5 mg/liter. These results support the use of prolonged or continuous infusion of cloxacillin in patients with BJI.


Assuntos
Cloxacilina , Staphylococcus aureus , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Infusões Intravenosas , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estudos Prospectivos
7.
Rheumatology (Oxford) ; 58(9): 1565-1573, 2019 09 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30887055

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Orbital mass is a rare and sight-threatening manifestation of ANCA-associated vasculitides, which remains a therapeutic challenge. We aimed to describe the presentation, therapeutic management and outcome of ANCA-associated vasculitides-related orbital mass. METHODS: We conducted a French nationwide retrospective study of patients with orbital mass in the setting of ANCA-associated vasculitides according to ACR criteria and/or Chapel Hill Consensus Conference definitions. RESULTS: Fifty-nine patients [33 women, median age 46 (range 7-90) years] were included. Fifty-six (95%) patients had granulomatosis with polyangiitis, two eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and one microscopic polyangiitis. Orbital mass was unilateral in 47 (80%) cases, and seemed to develop from ENT involvement in most cases. Orbital mass biopsy was available in 32 (54%) patients, showing lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in 65%, fibrosis in 55%, granulomas in 48% and vasculitis in 36%. All patients but one received glucocorticoids as first-line therapy associated with immunosuppressive agents in 82%, mainly cyclophosphamide. Response to therapy was noted in 52% of patients treated with cyclophosphamide compared with 91% of those treated with rituximab. Twenty-seven (46%) patients required a second-line therapy because of relapse (59%) or refractory course (41%). Sequelae included visual impairment in 28%, with definitive blindness in 17%. Refractory course was associated with PR3-ANCA positivity, visual loss and contiguous pachymeningitis. CONCLUSION: Orbital mass is associated with refractory course and high frequency of sequelae, especially blindness. Refractory course is associated with PR3-ANCA positivity, visual loss and contiguous pachymeningitis.


Assuntos
Vasculite Associada a Anticorpo Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos/complicações , Doenças Orbitárias/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Vasculite Associada a Anticorpo Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos/diagnóstico por imagem , Vasculite Associada a Anticorpo Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos/epidemiologia , Biópsia , Criança , Quimioterapia Combinada , Oftalmopatias/epidemiologia , Oftalmopatias/etiologia , Feminino , França/epidemiologia , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Órbita/patologia , Doenças Orbitárias/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Orbitárias/epidemiologia , Doenças Orbitárias/patologia , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
12.
Heliyon ; 10(7): e29341, 2024 Apr 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38623247

RESUMO

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) has been reported in immunocompromised patients with disseminated Mycobacterium genavense. Management relies on high-dose corticosteroids. We describe two cases of late-onset corticosteroid-refractory IRIS related to disseminated infection in a HIV-positive patient and a renal transplant patient who had a favorable outcome with a monoclonal TNF-α blocker.

13.
Blood Adv ; 7(9): 1682-1691, 2023 05 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36508281

RESUMO

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)/human herpesvirus 8-associated multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) is a polyclonal B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder that mainly occurs in immunocompromised hosts. The diagnosis relies on lymph node biopsy demonstrating KSHV-infected cells located in the mantle zone with a marked interfollicular plasma cell infiltration. Infected cells are large cells positive for immunoglobulin M (IgM), λ light chain, and CD38, described initially as infected plasmablasts. We show that IgM+λ+CD38high cells were also detectable in the peripheral blood of 14 out of 18 (78%) patients with active KSHV-MCD and absent in 40 controls. Using immunofluorescence and flow-fluorescence in situ hybridization, we demonstrate that these cells are KSHV infected and express both latent and lytic KSHV transcripts. These KSHV-infected viroblasts (KIVs) harbor a distinct phenotype compared with conventional plasmablasts. We also identified several putative mechanisms of immune escape used by KSHV, because KIVs displayed an overall decrease of costimulatory molecules, with a remarkable lack of CD40 expression and are interleukin-10-producing cells. The identification of this specific and easily accessible KSHV+ circulating population brings new elements to the understanding of KSHV-MCD but also raises new questions that need to be clarified.


Assuntos
Hiperplasia do Linfonodo Gigante , Herpesvirus Humano 8 , Humanos , Herpesvirus Humano 8/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 8/metabolismo , Hiperplasia do Linfonodo Gigante/complicações , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Imunoglobulina M
14.
Am J Surg Pathol ; 46(3): 353-362, 2022 03 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34560683

RESUMO

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is associated with human herpesvirus 8 and frequently with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). We report here a single-center series of 19 human immunodeficiency virus-associated PELs, including 14 EBV+ and 5 EBV- PELs. The objectives were to describe the clinicopathologic features of PELs, with a focus on programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, to search for genetic alterations by targeted deep sequencing analysis, and to compare the features between EBV+ and EBV- cases. All the patients were male, and the median age at diagnosis was 47 years old (interquartile range: 40 to 56 y). Reflecting the terminal B-cell differentiation, immunophenotypic profiles showed low expression levels of B-cell markers, including CD19 (0/19), CD20 (1/19), CD79a (0/19), PAX5 (1/19), BOB1 (3/19), and OCT2 (4/19), contrasting with a common expression of CD38 (10/19), CD138 (7/19), and IRF4/MUM1 (18/19). We observed a frequent aberrant expression of T-cell markers, especially CD3 (10/19), and less frequently CD2 (2/19), CD4 (3/19), CD5 (1/19), and CD8 (0/19). Only 2 cases were PD-L1 positive on tumor cells and none PD-1 positive. With respect to immune cells, 3 samples tested positive for PD-L1 and 5 for PD-1. Our 36-gene lymphopanel revealed 7 distinct variants in 5/10 PELs, with either a single or 2 mutations per sample: B2M (n=2), CD58 (n=1), EP300 (n=1), TNFAIP3 (n=1), ARID1A (n=1), and TP53 (n=1). Finally, we did not observe any major clinical, pathologic, or immunohistochemical differences between EBV+ and EBV- PELs and the outcome was similar (2-y overall survival probability of 61.9% [95% confidence interval, 31.2-82.1] vs. 60.0% [95% confidence interval, 12.6-88.2], respectively, P=0.62).


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/complicações , Linfoma de Efusão Primária/diagnóstico , Adulto , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Linfoma de Efusão Primária/metabolismo , Linfoma de Efusão Primária/patologia , Linfoma de Efusão Primária/virologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
15.
Blood Transfus ; 20(6): 516-524, 2022 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35175187

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In a context of secondary immunodeficiency, hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection can be responsible for chronic liver disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated HEV infection in patients with primary immunodeficiency treated (or not) with immunoglobulin (Ig) replacement therapy (IgRT) in France, a country with a high seroprevalence of HEV. In a nationwide study of individuals with primary immunodeficiency, 533 patients (349 and 184 receiving IgRT or not, respectively) were tested for HEV RNA and anti-HEV antibodies. In addition, 23 batches of five different commercially available immunoglobulin preparations were screened for anti-HEV IgG. RESULTS: Three of the 533 patients displayed markers of a recent HEV infection (HEV RNA in one case, and anti-HEV IgG and IgM in two) but no evidence of chronic liver disease. The overall seroprevalence of HEV was 50% (266 out of 533), with values of 68% and 16% in patients receiving IgRT or not, respectively (p<0.001). Anti-HEV IgG were detected in all batches of immunoglobulin preparations, although the titer varied from 3 to 127 IU/g IgG. Seroconversion was observed in 15 of the 22 (68%) patients tested before and after IgRT. DISCUSSION: No cases of chronic HEV-related disease were detected among patients with primary immunodeficiency and hypogammaglobulinemia, whether they received IgRT or not. This confirms that patients with primary immunodeficiency have a low risk of chronic infection despite a seroprevalence close to that observed in the French general population and that IgRT, which confers a high HEV seroprevalence, might play a key role in protection against chronic infection.


Assuntos
Vírus da Hepatite E , Hepatite E , Adulto , Humanos , Hepatite E/epidemiologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Imunoglobulina M , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite , Imunoglobulina G , RNA
16.
EJHaem ; 3(1): 175-179, 2022 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35846183

RESUMO

Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a lymphoproliferative disease of unknown etiology. Deciphering mechanisms involved in CD pathogenesis may help improving patients' care. Six cases of stereotyped sub-diaphragmatic iMCD affecting lower limb-draining areas and associated with severe and often ulcerative lower extremity chronic dermatological condition were identified in our cohort. Pathological examination revealed mixed or plasma-cell type MCD. In three patients, shotgun metagenomics failed to identify any pathogen in involved lymph nodes. Antibiotics had a suspensive effect while rituximab and tocilizumab failed to improve the condition. This novel entity requires a specific approach and exclusion of potentially harmful immunomodulation.

17.
Sci Immunol ; : eabp8966, 2022 Jun 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35857576

RESUMO

Life-threatening 'breakthrough' cases of critical COVID-19 are attributed to poor or waning antibody response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in individuals already at risk. Pre-existing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs underlie at least 15% of critical COVID-19 pneumonia cases in unvaccinated individuals; however, their contribution to hypoxemic breakthrough cases in vaccinated people remains unknown. Here, we studied a cohort of 48 individuals (age 20-86 years) who received 2 doses of an mRNA vaccine and developed a breakthrough infection with hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia 2 weeks to 4 months later. Antibody levels to the vaccine, neutralization of the virus, and auto-Abs to type I IFNs were measured in the plasma. Forty-two individuals had no known deficiency of B cell immunity and a normal antibody response to the vaccine. Among them, ten (24%) had auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs (aged 43-86 years). Eight of these ten patients had auto-Abs neutralizing both IFN-α2 and IFN-ω, while two neutralized IFN-ω only. No patient neutralized IFN-ß. Seven neutralized 10 ng/mL of type I IFNs, and three 100 pg/mL only. Seven patients neutralized SARS-CoV-2 D614G and the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) efficiently, while one patient neutralized Delta slightly less efficiently. Two of the three patients neutralizing only 100 pg/mL of type I IFNs neutralized both D61G and Delta less efficiently. Despite two mRNA vaccine inoculations and the presence of circulating antibodies capable of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs may underlie a significant proportion of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia cases, highlighting the importance of this particularly vulnerable population.

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