Toward validating the Italian version of the "Spanish Burnout Inventory": a preliminary study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop the Italian version of the Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI) and to examine its psychometric properties within a sample of nursing staff. METHOD: The study was cross-sectional and not randomized. The data were gathered using an anonymous, self-report questionnaire. The sample consisted of 391 staff nurses employed in three hospitals in the Northern Region of Italy To evaluate burnout, the SBI and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were administered. RESULTS: An Exploratory Factor Analysis showed a four-factor structure close to the expected one. All Cronbach's alpha values were satisfactory. Furthermore, correlations support the concurrent validity. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results of this study provided evidence that the SBI is an adequate instrument to study burnout in the Italian nursing sample and indicated the feeling of guilt as an important dimension to gauge the structure of this phenomenon.

Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Burnout Inventory in University Teachers in Hybrid Education.

Introduction: The scientific literature argues the urgent need for adequate tools to assess burnout in human service professionals, however, little progress has been made on this in university teachers in hybrid environments, even though after the pandemic, these work scenarios are predominant. Objective: To determine the psychometric properties of invariance between male and female teachers of hybrid education in the Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI). Method: The anonymous, self-administered SBI was administered to 1060 university teachers in Lima, Peru, from online random sampling. Of the total number of participants, 626 were women (59.1%) and 434 were men (40.9%), with an age range of 22 to 76 years, with a mean of 46.97 and a standard deviation of 10.256. It should be noted that 74.5% of the teachers worked full time. The analysis used the statistical programs AMOS v24, SPSS v26 and R-Project v4.1.2. First, a descriptive analysis of the data was performed, as well as a multivariate normality test of the data. Secondly, confirmatory factor analysis was performed; finally, a factorial invariance test was performed. Results: Cronbach's alpha of the SBI was 0.827, and for each subscale: Enthusiasm toward the job (0.742), Psychological exhaustion (0.889), Indolence (0.819), Guilt (0.816). According to the fit indicators, the confirmatory factor model is adequate. The results supported configural invariance, metric invariance, scalar invariance, and strict invariance in the male and female groups, although further investigation of some items specific to the indolence factor is needed. Conclusion: The SBI is a valid instrument to assess burnout in university teachers in hybrid environments. Studies associated with the SBI focus on its psychometric properties, burnout prevalence, related variables, and literature reviews. The validation of the SBI in various countries and service areas is discussed, as well as future implications for intervention in burnout prevention and mastery.

The effects of an intervention program on psychosocial factors and consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Chilean technology services company: A quasiexperimental study.

Background and Aims: During the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health became a relevant factor in people's performance within organizations. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of an organizational intervention program on the psychosocial factors of demands, resources, and the consequences of psychosocial risks in a technology services company during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A quasiexperimental study was carried out with 105 employees who took part in an 8-week intervention program divided into two large stages. Pre- and postmeasurements were collected using the UNIPSICO Questionnaire, considering its factors of demands, resources, and consequences of psychosocial risks. The Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI) was also included. Results: The results showed significant improvements in the perception of the following psychosocial demand factors: Role conflict (p < 0.001), Role ambiguity, workload, interpersonal conflicts (p < 0.05). In the resource factors: autonomy, work social support, feedback (p < 0.001) Resources at work, transformational leadership, and self-efficacy (p < 0.05). In addition, all the consequences of psychosocial risks have improvements: Indolence, emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction (p < 0.001), Burnout syndrome, enthusiasm toward the job, and psychosomatic problems (p < 0.05), except the Guilt dimension of the SBI. Conclusion: We can conclude that the program was effective and that the study limitations should be improved in future studies.

The role of psychosocial risks in burnout, psychosomatic disorders, and job satisfaction: lineal models vs a QCA approach in non-university teachers.

This study aims to assess the effect of psychosocial risks and resources on burnout, psychosomatic disorders, and job satisfaction using Hierarchical Regression Modelling (HRM) and Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). METHOD: The sample consisted of 9020 non-university public education teachers (Mage = 45.33 years, SD = 9.15; 72.5% women). RESULTS: Demands variables (Workload, Emotional labour, Imbalance, and Interpersonal conflict) were better predictors than resources variables (Job autonomy, Social support, and Resources at work). Resources also significantly improved the model's predictive capacity, except in the case of Indolence. In the QCA results, none of the conditions seems to be necessary. Regarding sufficiency, the combination of the different conditions explains between 44-49% of high levels of Burnout and between 40-47% of low levels of Burnout; between 44-47% of high levels of Psychosomatic disorders and 40-47% of low levels of Psychosomatic disorders; 49% of high Job satisfaction levels and 45-56% of low Job satisfaction levels. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that QCA models have better explanatory capacity than HRM. Some variables were not significant in HRM, but they were present in combination with other QCA model variables. The findings contribute to understanding how psychosocial risks affect workers' health and job satisfaction.

Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Spanish Burnout Inventory Among Professionals Across 17 Countries and Regions.

Studies on the prevalence of burnout in professionals in service organizations who work in direct contact with the clients or users of the organization have concluded that burnout is a serious health disorder that has increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A significant advantage of the Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI) over other instruments is that it provides a broader conceptualization of burnout by including feelings of guilt as a dimension of burnout to explain its development. However, the measurement invariance of the SBI across countries has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to test the measurement invariance of the SBI among professionals across 17 countries and regions in Europe, Latin America, and Asia, and in different languages. All the countries showed a good fit to the four-factor model, except the Indian sample, which was excluded from the measurement invariance study. Using the alignment method, it was possible to verify the scalar measurement invariance of the four SBI factors across 15 countries and one Spanish region (16 samples). The comparison of estimated latent means indicates that France is the country with the lowest scores on the Enthusiasm factor and the highest scores on the negative factors (Exhaustion, Indolence, and Guilt). In contrast, the Andean countries, Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador, show the highest latent means on the Enthusiasm factor and the lowest means on the negative factors. These results support the validity of the SBI in the countries and regions in Europe and Latin America included in this study.

Influence of some psychosocial factors on mobbing and its consequences among employees working with people with intellectual disabilities.

BACKGROUND: The problem of mobbing has attracted a great deal of attention over the past few years. This concern has increased the study of the phenomena, which has resulted in many scientific publications. Mobbing has been characterized as an emerging risk at work. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of some psychosocial factors at work - role clarity, interpersonal conflicts and social support - on mobbing and its consequences - that is, inclination towards absenteeism and psychosomatic disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample included 422 employees working with people with intellectual disabilities. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. RESULTS: The Hypothesized model showed an adequate fit to data, and all hypothesized relationships were significant. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study provide support for the mediator role of mobbing in the relationship between high role ambiguity, low social support and high interpersonal conflicts and psychosomatic disorders and inclination towards absenteeism.

[Psychometric validation of the UNIPSICO questionnaire in Valencian/Catalan language: analysis of the scales evaluating psychosocial demand variables]. / Validación psicométrica de la batería UNIPSICO en valenciano/catalán: análisis de las escalas que evalúan las variables psicosociales de demanda.

AIM: To analyse the psychometric properties of the demand scales of the UNIPSICO questionnaire in in Valencian / Catalan language. METHOD: The sample consisted of 2114 participants from public administration centres of Generalitat Valenciana in Valencia. Data were collected using the UNIPSICO questionnaire, which is grouped into six scales that measure psychosocial risk factors related to job demands (33 items): role conflict (5 items), role ambiguity (5 items), workload (6 items), interpersonal conflicts (6 items), inequity in social exchanges (5 items), and work-family and family-work conflict (6 items). We performed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and measured Cronbach alpha and McDonald omega coefficients for the scales. RESULTS: All items had adequate statistical and psychometric values. The six-factor model that reproduces the original structure of the questionnaire presented an adequate fit to the data, and gender invariance. The Cronbach alpha and McDonald omega coefficients were acceptable for the six scales of the instrument. CONCLUSIONS: These results contribute to the psychometric validation of the questionnaire and allow us to conclude that the demand scales of the UNIPSICO questionnaire translated to Valencian / Catalan language are reliable and possess construct validity for the assessment of psychosocial risk factors in government employees.

OBJETIVO: Analizar las propiedades psicométricas de las escalas de demandas de la batería UNIPSICO del contexto de trabajo en valenciano/catalán. Método: La muestra la constituyen 2114 trabajadores de centros públicos de la Generalitat Valenciana, de la provincia de Valencia. La recogida de datos se realizó mediante las escalas de la batería UNIPSICO que evalúan factores psicosociales de demandas en el trabajo (33 ítems), que se agrupan en 6 escalas: Conflicto de rol (5 ítems), ambigüedad de rol (5 ítems), carga de trabajo (6 ítems), conflictos interpersonales (6 ítems), inequidad en los intercambios sociales (5 ítems), y conflicto trabajo-familia/familia-trabajo (6 ítems). Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) y se calcularon los valores alfa de Cronbach y omega de McDonald para las escalas. RESULTADOS: Todos los ítems presentaron valores estadísticos y psicométricos adecuados. El modelo de seis factores que reproduce la estructura original del cuestionario presentó un ajuste adecuado a los datos, con invarianza de sexo. El valor del alfa de Cronbach y omega de McDonald resultó aceptable para las seis escalas del instrumento. CONCLUSIONES: Estos resultados contribuyen a la validación psicométrica del cuestionario, permitiendo concluir que las escalas de demandas de la batería UNIPSICO, en valenciano/catalán resulta un instrumento fiable y con consistencia interna para evaluar los riesgos psicosociales en personal que trabaja en la administración.

Psychometric properties of the "Spanish Burnout Inventory" in Chilean professionals working to physical disabled people.

While the most commonly employed burnout measure has been the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), researchers have been troubled by some of the psychometric limitations of this instrument. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the "Spanish Burnout Inventory" (SBI). The psychometric properties were analysed with data from a sample of 277 Chilean professionals working to physical disabled people. The psychometric properties of the SBI were examined through the following analyses: confirmatory factor analysis, reliability Cronbach's alpha, and concurrent validity with the MBI. The hypothesized four factor model obtained an adequate data fit for the sample (chi2(164) = 285.32, p < .001, GFI = .96, RMSEA = .052, NNFI .93, CFI = .94). Results confirmed the hypothesis formulated. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was higher than .70 for the four scales of the instruments. Results supported the concurrent validity with the MBI. As a whole, the results of these study provided evidence on the adequate psychometric properties of the SBI for the study of burnout in the Chilean cultural context.

Development of Burnout Syndrome in Non-university Teachers: Influence of Demand and Resource Variables.

Psychosocial risks at work are an important occupational problem since they can have an impact on workers' health, productivity, absenteeism, and company profits. Among their consequences, burnout stands out for its prevalence and associated consequences. This problem is particularly noteworthy in the case of teachers. The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of some psychosocial factors (demand and resource variables) and risks in burnout development, taking into consideration the levels of burnout according to the Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI). This paper contributes to advancing knowledge on this issue by analyzing the influence of work characteristics and personal characteristics on the progress of burnout. The sample consisted of 8,235 non-university teachers (2,268 men 27.5% and 5,967 women 72.5%), aged 22 to 70 (M = 45.16, SD = 9.18). For this purpose, statistical modeling by logistic regression was used. The results of this study showed that No burnout level was positively related with resources variables and negatively with demand variables. In the Medium-High levels and the higher levels of burnout (i.e., Profile 1 and Profile 2), there is a positive relation with demand variables and a negative one with resource variables. In conclusion, demand variables cause an increase in the burnout levels, influencing positively the movements between the levels of No burnout to Medium-High levels of burnout and Medium-High levels to Profile 1. At the same time, resource variables had a negative influence on burnout. However, the results in the movement between Profile 1 and Profile 2 were not expected. The variable Imbalance had a negative relationship with the movement between Profile 1 to Profile 2, and Social support and Autonomy at work had a positive relationship with this movement. Therefore, when professionals feel higher levels of burnout, lack of imbalance together with social support and autonomy could contribute to increased feelings of guilt and risk of higher burnout.

The Mediator Role of Feelings of Guilt in the Process of Burnout and Psychosomatic Disorders: A Cross-Cultural Study.

Burnout was recently declared by WHO as an "occupational phenomenon" in the International Classification of Diseases 11th revision (ICD-11), recognizing burnout as a serious health issue. Earlier studies have shown that feelings of guilt appear to be involved in the burnout process. However, the exact nature of the relationships among burnout, guilt and psychosomatic disorders remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediator role of feelings of guilt in the relationship between burnout and psychosomatic disorders, and perform a cross-cultural validation of the multi-dimensional model by Gil-Monte in two samples of teachers (Portuguese vs. Spanish). The study sample was composed of 1,266 teachers, 1,062 from Spain, and 204 from Portugal. Burnout was measured by the Spanish Burnout Inventory. Hypotheses were tested together in a path model. The results obtained provide empirical evidence for the mediator role of guilt in the relationship between the Burnout syndrome and psychosomatic disorders in the sample of teachers from Spain and Portugal, and they contribute to the empirical validation of the model by Gil-Monte. The results indicate that guilt should be incorporated as a symptom of burnout in order to identify individuals affected by burnout and profiles or types of burnout to differentiate it from other pathologies like depression.

Are Happy Workers More Productive? The Mediating Role of Service-Skill Use.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between happiness at work and cross-selling performance in the banking sector. In addition, the mediating effect of service-skill use is analyzed in the relationship between happiness at work and performance. Confirmatory factor analysis is used by means of structural equation models to assess the relationship between happiness at work, service-skill use, and cross-selling performance. A sample of 492 financial service employees is examined. Results reveal that happiness at work positively and directly affects cross-selling performance. The study also shows that service-skill use plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between happiness at work and cross-selling performance. This research expands the theory of the happy productive worker perspective based on the job demands-resources model and defines and conceptualizes service-skill use. Employees who are happier at work cross-sell better, but their service-skill use mediates the effect of happiness at work on cross-selling performance.

Influence of Burnout and Feelings of Guilt on Depression and Health in Anesthesiologists.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The WHO has included burnout as an occupational phenomenon in the ICD-11. According to the WHO, burnout is a syndrome conceptualized as resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed. The study aimed to evaluate the influence of feelings of guilt and burnout on health in Polish anesthesiologists. Alcohol and tobacco intake, psychosomatic disorders, and depression were assessed. METHODS: The study had a non-randomized cross-sectional character. The sample consisted of 372 Polish anesthesiologists. Burnout was measured by the Spanish burnout inventory. RESULTS: Post hoc analysis for burnout consequences: depression (F(5,366) = 17.51, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.193), psychosomatic disorders (F(5,366) = 13.11, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.152), and tobacco intake (F(5,366) = 6.23, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.078), showed significant differences between burnout with and without the highest levels of feelings of guilt. All the instruments applied were reliable. CONCLUSIONS: Depression, psychosomatic disorders, and alcohol and tobacco intake are suspected to be consequences of the highest guilt levels related to burnout, i.e., Profile 2 according to the burnout model of Gil-Monte. Participation in prevention programs is recommended for these cases.

[Burnout prevalence in pediatricians of general hospitals]. / Prevalencia del "síndrome de quemarse por el trabajo" (burnout) en pediatras de hospitales generales.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of burnout in pediatricians of general hospitals. METHODS: Non-randomized cross-sectional study carried out in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 2006. The study sample comprised 123 pediatricians working in pediatrics services of general hospitals, 89 women (72.4%) and 34 men (27.6%). Data were gathered through an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and different approaches were employed to estimate burnout prevalence. RESULTS: The prevalence of burnout was different according to the approach used: the prevalence was 10.6% by the United States criteria; 24.4% by the Spanish criteria; 37.4% by the Argentinean criteria and 3.25% by the Dutch clinical criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Burnout prevalences varied significantly depending on the approach used due to cross-cultural influences.

Magnitude of relationship between burnout and absenteeism: a preliminary study.

This study examined the influence of guilt related to a negative attitude toward patients and its relation with burnout and absenteeism. The sample consisted of 717 nursing professionals. Depersonalization was evaluated by the Maslach Burnout Inventory and Guilt was evaluated by one item. To estimate Absenteeism, participants were asked about the number of workdays they had missed in the past year. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses make it possible to conclude that guilt explains work absenteeism, and the interaction between depersonalization and guilt (Incr. R2 = .008, p < .05) indicates significant differences in the number of work days missed in the last year. Conclusions are limited, as these effects are quite weak: all variables together only explain about 4% of the shared variance in absenteeism. Researchers might assess whether feelings of guilt help explain the relationship between burnout and symptoms such as absenteeism.

Prevalence of burnout in Polish anesthesiologists and anesthetist nursing professionals: A comparative non-randomized cross-sectional study.

The purpose of the study was to assess the burnout levels in nurses ( N = 161) versus physicians ( N = 373). The levels of burnout were evaluated by the Polish adaptation of the Spanish Burnout Inventory (Cronbach's alpha > .70). High burnout level was found in 18.63 percent nurses and 12.06 percent anesthesiologists, and critical level in 3.74 percent nurses and 5.90 percent anesthetists. There were statistically significant differences in Burnout global score, Enthusiasm toward the job, Psychological exhaustion, and Indolence subscales between nurses and physicians. No significant differences were found between sexes in any variable.

Validación del CESQT en trabajadores colombianos: Un estudio psicométrico en tiempos de COVID-19 / Validation of the SBI in Colombian workers: A psychometric study in times of COVID-19

Resumen. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la validez factorial del modelo psicométrico del Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo (CESQT) en una muestra multiocupacional de trabajadores colombianos. Se hipotetizó un modelo de cuatro factores con base en la estructura factorial del modelo original. Los participantes fueron 153 trabajadores que desempeñan diversos roles en empresas ubicadas en Colombia. Se aplicó el CESQT que se compone de cuatro dimensiones: Ilusión por el trabajo (5 ítems), Desgaste psíquico (4 ítems), Indolencia (6 ítems) y Culpa (5 ítems). Las propiedades psicométricas fueron examinadas mediante Análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) y fiabilidad (alfa de Cronbach). Los ítems presentaron valores estadísticos y psicométricos adecuados, así como las escalas. El modelo presentó un ajuste aceptable a los datos: GFI = .858, RMSEA = .066 (.051.079), NNFI = .913, CFI = .927. La consistencia interna fue alta para todas las escalas del instrumento (a = .79 hasta a = .87). Los resultados indican que el CESQT es un instrumento con suficiente validez psicométrica para evaluar el síndrome de quemarse por el trabajo (SQT) en el contexto cultural colombiano.

Abstract The purpose of this paper was to assess the factor structure of the Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI) in a multi-occupational sample of Colombian workers. On the basis of previous results and the factor structure of the instrument, a four-factor model was hypothesized. The sample consisted of 153 Colombian workers from different occupational sectors. The SBI was applied. This instrument is composed of 20 items distributed in four dimensions: Enthusiasm toward the job (5 items), Psychological exhaustion (4 items), Indolence (6 items), and Guilt (5 items). The psychometric properties were examined by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the reliability was tested by Cronbach's alpha. The items presented adequate statistical and psychometric values, as well as the scales. The model presented an acceptable fit to the data: GFI = .858, RMSEA = .066(051-079), NNFI = .913, CFI = .927. Reliability was adequate for all scales (a = .79 to a = .87). The results indicate that the SBI is an instrument with psychometric validity to assess the burnout in the Colombian cultural context.

[The UNIPSICO questionnaire: psychometric properties of the scales measuring psychosocial demands]. / La Batería UNIPSICO: propiedades psicométricas de las escalas que evalúan los factores psicosociales de la demanda.

PURPOSE: To analyze the psychometric properties of the UNIPSICO questionnaire' scales designed to evaluate psychosocial demands at work. METHODS: The sample consisted of 2564 participants; 1391 were employees working with persons with intellectual disabilities and 1173 high school teachers from the Valencian Community. Data were collected using the UNIPSICO questionnaire, which features scales designed to measures psychosocial demands at work. This instrument contains 27 items distributed in 5 scales: interpersonal conflicts, imbalance, role conflict, role ambiguity, and workload. Data were analysed to test item validity, construct validity by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), reliability by Cronbach's alpha, and predictive validity by stepwise regression analysis. RESULTS: For all items, skewness and reliability were adequate. The five scales followed a normal distribution, with skewness values ranging between +1 and -1. The results of the CFA confirmed the hypothesised five-factor structure. The hypothesised model obtained a good data fit (GFI = 0,935, NNFI = 0,903, CFI = 0,914, RMSEA = 0,050). Scale score reliability coefficients for the five scales showed values above 0.70. Stepwise regression analysis demonstrated all variables to be significant predictors of psychosomatic disorders. CONCLUSIONS: The validity and reliability of the five scales were satisfactory. In addition, the scales offer predictive validity for measuring work-related psychosomatic disorders. The UNIPSICO scales analyzed are an adequate tool for the evaluation of psychosocial risk factors at work.

OBJETIVO: Analizar las propiedades psicométricas de las escalas de la Batería UNIPSICO que evalúa los factores psicosociales de demanda del contexto de trabajo. MÉTODOS: La muestra estuvo formada por 2564 participantes, 1391 trabajadores de centros de atención a personas con discapacidad psíquica y 1173 docentes de secundaria de la Comunidad Valenciana. La recogida de datos se realizó mediante las escalas de la Batería UNIPSICO que evalúan factores psicosociales de demanda en el trabajo (27 ítems) que se agrupan en 5 escalas: Conflictos interpersonales, Inequidad en los intercambios sociales, Conflicto de rol, Ambigüedad de rol y Carga de trabajo. Se realizaron análisis de ítems, validez de constructo con análisis factorial confirmatorio, análisis de fiabilidad según alfa de Cronbach, y validez predictiva con regresión stepwise. RESULTADOS: Todos los ítems presentaron valores adecuados de asimetría y fiabilidad del ítem. Las cinco escalas presentaron valores de asimetría dentro del intervalo +/-1. El modelo factorial hipotetizado de cinco factores presentó un ajuste adecuado a los datos (GFI = 0,935, NNFI = 0,903, CFI = 0,914, RMSEA = 0,050). Las cinco escalas alcanzaron valores de fiabilidad alfa de Cronbach superiores a 0,70. En los modelos de regresión stepwise todas las variables fueron predictores significativos de problemas psicosomáticos. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados muestran que las cinco escalas evaluadas son válidas y fiables para evaluar los factores psicosociales de demanda en el trabajo. Las escalas presentaron validez predictiva sobre problemas psicosomáticos derivados del trabajo.

[The UNIPSICO questionnaire: psychometric properties of the scales measuring psychosocial resource factors]. / La Batería UNIPSICO: propiedades psicométricas de las escalas que evalúan los factores psicosociales de recursos.

PURPOSE: To analyze the psychometric properties of the UNIPSICO questionnaire' scales designed to evaluate psychosocial resource factors at work. METHODS: The sample consisted of 2564 participants; 1391 were employees working with people with intellectual disability and 1173 were high school teachers from the Valencian Community. Data were collected through use of the UNIPSICO questionnaire, which includes scales designed to measure psychosocial resource factors in the workplace. This instrument consists of 26 items distributed in 4 scales: resources at work, work social support, feedback, and autonomy. Data were analysed to test item validity, construct validity by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), reliability by Cronbach's alpha, and predictive validity by stepwise regression analysis. RESULTS: For all items skewness and reliability values were adequate. The four scales followed the normal distribution, with skewness values ranging between +1 and -1. The results of the CFA confirmed the hypothesised four-factor structure. The hypothesised model showed a good data fit (GFI = 0,922, NNFI = 0,898, CFI = 0,912, RMSEA = 0,059). Scale score reliability coefficients for the five scales showed values above 0.80. Stepwise regression analysis demonstrated all variables were significant predictors of psychosomatic disorders. CONCLUSIONS: The validity and reliability of the four scales were satisfactory. In addition, the scales offer predictive validity for the study of work-related psychosomatic disorders. The UNIPSICO scales analyzed are an adequate tool to evaluate psychosocial resource factors at work.

OBJETIVO: Analizar las propiedades psicométricas de las escalas de la Batería UNIPSICO que permiten evaluar los factores psicosociales de recursos del contexto de trabajo. MÉTODOS: La muestra estuvo formada por 2564 participantes, 1391 trabajadores de centros de atención a personas con discapacidad psíquica, y 1173 docentes de secundaria de la Comunidad Valenciana. La recogida de datos se realizó mediante las escalas de la Batería UNIPSICO que evalúan factores psicosociales de recursos del lugar de trabajo (26 ítems) que se agrupan en 4 escalas: Disponibilidad de recursos, Apoyo social en el trabajo, Retroinformación y Autonomía. Se realizaron análisis de ítems, validez de constructo con análisis factorial confirmatorio, análisis de fiabilidad según alfa de Cronbach, y validez predictiva con regresiones stepwise. RESULTADOS: Todos los ítems presentaron valores adecuados de asimetría y fiabilidad del ítem. Las cuatro escalas presentaron valores de asimetría dentro del intervalo +/-1. El modelo factorial hipotetizado de cuatro factores presentó un ajuste adecuado a los datos (GFI = 0,922, NNFI = 0,898, CFI = 0,912, RMSEA = 0,059). Las cuatro escalas alcanzaron valores de fiabilidad alfa de Cronbach superiores a 0,80. Según los resultados de regresión stepwise todas las variables fueron predictores significativos de problemas psicosomáticos. CONCLUSIÓN: Las cuatro escalas evaluadas son válidas y fiables. Las escalas presentaron validez predictiva sobre problemas psicosomáticos derivados del trabajo. Las escalas analizadas constituyen un instrumento válido y fiable para evaluar los factores psicosociales de recursos en el trabajo.

Factorial validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS) among Spanish professionals.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the factorial validity and internal consistency of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS). METHODS: In a sample consisting of 705 Spanish professionals from diverse occupational sectors (health, education, police and so one), seven plausible factorial models hypothesized were compared using LISREL 8. RESULTS: The four-factor oblique solution and the three-factor oblique solution showed the best and similar fit. Deletion of Item 12 and Item 16, taking into consideration the suggestions in the manual, improved the goodness of fit for both models. The four-factor oblique model suggests that, in addition to Emotional Exhaustion (EE) and Depersonalization (DP), Personal Accomplishment (PA) consists of two components labeled here Self-Competence (Items 4, 7, 17, and 21) and the Existential Component (Items 9, 12, 18, and 19). However, the alpha coefficient was relatively low for the Self-Competence component, suggesting that it is more suitable to estimate the syndrome as a three-dimensional construct. The Cronbach's alpha was satisfactory for PA (alpha =.71) and EE (alpha =.85), and moderate for DP (alpha =.58). CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the MBI-HSS offers factorial validity and its scales present internal consistency to evaluate the quality of working life for Spanish professionals.