A Multifunctional Herb-Derived Glycopeptide Hydrogel for Chronic Wound Healing.

Chronic wounds constitute an increasingly prevalent global healthcare issue, characterized by recurring bacterial infections, pronounced oxidative stress, compromised functionality of immune cells, unrelenting inflammatory reactions, and deficits in angiogenesis. In response to these multifaceted challenges, the study introduced a stimulus-responsive glycopeptide hydrogel constructed by oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide (OBSP), gallic acid-grafted ε-Polylysine (PLY-GA), and paeoniflorin-loaded micelles (MIC@Pae), called OBPG&MP. The hydrogel emulates the structure of glycoprotein fibers of the extracellular matrix (ECM), exhibiting exceptional injectability, self-healing, and biocompatibility. It adapts responsively to the inflammatory microenvironment of chronic wounds, sequentially releasing therapeutic agents to eradicate bacterial infection, neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS), modulate macrophage polarization, suppress inflammation, and encourage vascular regeneration and ECM remodeling, playing a critical role across the inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases of wound healing. Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed the efficacy of OBPG&MP hydrogel in regulating the wound microenvironment and enhancing the regeneration and remodeling of chronic wound skin tissue. This research supports the vast potential for herb-derived multifunctional hydrogels in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Comprehensive Genomic Analysis Reveals Extensive Diversity of Type I and Type IV Secretion Systems in Klebsiella pneumoniae.

The diversity and distribution of secretion systems in Klebsiella pneumoniae are unclear. In this study, the six common secretion systems (T1SS-T6SS) were comprehensively investigated in the genomes of 952 K. pneumoniae strains. T1SS, T2SS, type T subtype of T4SS, T5SS, and subtype T6SSi of T6SS were found. The findings indicated fewer types of secretion systems in K. pneumoniae than reported in Enterobacteriaceae, such as Escherichia coli. One conserved T2SS, one conserved T5SS, and two conserved T6SS were detected in more than 90% of the strains. In contrast, the strains displayed extensive diversity of T1SS and T4SS. Notably, T1SS and T4SS were enriched in the hypervirulent and classical multidrug resistance pathotypes of K. pneumoniae, respectively. The results expand the epidemiological knowledge of the virulence and transmissibility of pathogenic K. pneumoniae and contribute to identify the potential strains for safe applications.

The posterior cruciate ligament index as a reliable indirect sign of anterior cruciate ligament rupture is associated with the course of knee joint injury.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to clarify the clinical value of the posterior cruciate ligament index (PCLI) in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture, to explore the relationship between the PCLI and course of disease, and to identify the influencing factors of the PCLI. METHODS: The PCLI was defined a quotient of the X (the tibial and femoral PCL attachments) and the Y (the maximum perpendicular distance from X to the PCL). A total of 858 patients were enrolled in this case-control study, including 433 patients with ACL ruptures who were assigned to the experimental group and 425 patients with meniscal tears (MTs) who were allocated to the control group. Some patients in the experimental group have collateral ligament rupture (CLR). Information, such as the patient's age, sex, and course of disease, was recorded. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) preoperatively, and the diagnosis was confirmed with the aid of arthroscopy. The PCLI and the depth of the lateral femoral notch sign (LFNS) were calculated based on the MRI findings, and the characteristics of the PCLI were explored. RESULTS: The PCLI in the experimental group (5.1 ± 1.6) was significantly smaller than that in the control group (5.8 ± 1.6) (P < 0.05). The PCLI gradually decreased with time and was only 4.8 ± 1.4 in patients in the chronic phase (P < 0.05). This change was not due to the decrease in X but rather the increase in Y. The results also showed that the PCLI was not related to the depth of the LFNS or injuries of other structures in the knee joint. Furthermore, when the optimal cut-off point of the PCLI was 5.2 (area under the curve = 71%), the specificity and the sensitivity were 84% and 67%, respectively, but the Youden index was just 0.3 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The PCLI decreases due to the increase in Y instead of the decrease in X with time, especially in the chronic phase. The change in X in this process may be offset during imaging. In addition, there are fewer influencing factors that lead to changes in the PCLI. Therefore, it can be used as a reliable indirect sign of ACL rupture. However, it is difficult to quantify the diagnostic criteria of the PCLI in clinical practice. Thus, the PCLI as a reliable indirect sign of ACL rupture is associated with the course of knee joint injury, and it can be used to describe the instability of the knee joint. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE: III.

A genome-scale metabolic model of the effect of dissolved oxygen on 1,3-propanediol fermentation by Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Although 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) is usually considered an anaerobic fermentation product from glycerol by Klebsiella pneumoniae, microaerobic conditions proved to be more conducive to 1,3-PD production. In this study, a genome-scale metabolic model (GSMM) specific to K. pneumoniae KG2, a high 1.3-PD producer, was constructed. The iZY1242 model contains 2090 reactions, 1242 genes and 1433 metabolites. The model was not only able to accurately characterise cell growth, but also accurately simulate the fed-batch 1,3-PD fermentation process. Flux balance analyses by iZY1242 was performed to dissect the mechanism of stimulated 1,3-PD production under microaerobic conditions, and the maximum yield of 1,3-PD on glycerol was 0.83 mol/mol under optimal microaerobic conditions. Combined with experimental data, the iZY1242 model is a useful tool for establishing the best conditions for microaeration fermentation to produce 1,3-PD from glycerol in K. pneumoniae.

Diagnostic value of the lateral femoral notch sign and kissing contusion in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injuries: a case-control study.

INTRODUCTION: The lateral femoral notch sign (LFNS) and the kissing contusion (KC) are two indirect signs of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. They can be used to diagnose ACL injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1000 patients were enrolled in this study, including 500 patients with ACL injuries who assigned to experimental group and 500 patients with meniscal tear (MT) who allocated to control group. All the patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) preoperatively, and the diagnosis was confirmed with the aid of arthroscopy. The depth of LFNS and the presence of KC were determined on MRI findings. The relationship and characteristics between these two indicators was explored. RESULTS: The notch depth of lateral femoral condyle in the experimental group (0.99 ± 0.56 mm) was significantly greater than that in the control group (0.49 ± 0.28 mm) (P < 0.05). The positive rate of KC in the experimental group (183/500) was markedly higher than that in the control group (3/500) (P < 0.05). The values of notch depth in patients who had ACL rupture concomitant lateral MT injuries and medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries were 1.12 ± 0.64 and 1.23 ± 0.74 mm, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in patients with only ACL injury (0.89 ± 0.49 mm) (P < 0.05). It also was revealed that when the optimal cut-off point of LFNS was 0.72 mm (area under the curve (AUC) = 81%), the values of specificity and sensitivity were 67% and 84%, respectively. For KC, the corresponding values were 36.6% and 99.4%, respectively. The diagnostic outcome of LFNS was not in agreement with that of KC, as there was a poor coincidence according to the Kappa coefficient (Kappa = 0.155 < 0.4, P = 0.035). CONCLUSION: The LFNS and KC have strong clinical significance in the diagnosis of ACL injuries. A deeper notch often indicates a more complex knee injury. Notch depth equal to 0.72 mm can be basically considered as the optimal cut-off point for LFNS in statistics.

Mutation of rpoS is Beneficial for Suppressing Organic Acid Secretion During 1,3-Propandiol Biosynthesis in Klebsiella pneumoniae.

In this study, to reduce the formation of organic acid during 1,3-propanediol biosynthesis in Klebsiella pneumoniae, a method combining UV mutagenesis and high-throughput screening with pH color plates was employed to obtain K. pneumoniae mutants. When compared with the parent strain, the total organic acid formation by the mutant decreased, whereas 1,3-propanediol biosynthesis increased after 24 h anaerobic shake flask culture. Subsequently, genetic changes in the mutant were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing and verified by signal gene deletion. Mutation of the rpoS gene was confirmed to contribute to the regulation of organic acid synthesis in K. pneumoniae. Besides, rpoS deletion eliminated the formation of 2,3-butanediol, the main byproduct produced during 1,3-propanediol fermentation, indicating the role of rpoS in metabolic regulation in K. pneumoniae. Thus, a K. pneumoniae mutant was developed, which could produce lower organic acid during 1,3-propanediol fermentation due to an rpoS mutation in this study.

Regulation of Pyruvate Formate Lyase-Deficient Klebsiella pneumoniae for Efficient 1,3-Propanediol Bioproduction.

Anaerobic growth defect of pyruvate formate lyase (PFL)-deficient Klebsiella pneumoniae limits its industrial application, and the reason for this growth defect was analyzed in this study. The obtained evidences, combined with normal intracellular redox status and no further inhibition by adhE deletion, strongly suggested that growth defect in PFL-deficient K. pneumoniae was probably caused by lack of carbon flux from pyruvate to acetyl-CoA (AcCoA). Correspondingly, the anaerobic growth of PFL-deficient K. pneumoniae was promoted by deletion of pdhR, a negative transcriptional regulator gene for AcCoA generation. Through the regulation of pdhR deletion, the PFL-deficient K. pneumoniae exhibited highly efficient 1,3-propanediol production. Besides, in a 2-L fed-batch fermentation process, the cell growth of PFL-deficient K. pneumoniae strain almost recovered, when compared with that of the normal strain, and the 1,3-propanediol yield increased by 14%, while the byproducts acetate and 2,3-butanediol contents decreased by 29% and 24%, respectively.

Inactivating NADH:quinone oxidoreductases affects the growth and metabolism of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

NADH:quinone oxidoreductases (NQOs) act as the electron entry sites in bacterial respiration and oxidize intracellular NADH that is essential for the synthesis of numerous molecules. Klebsiella pneumoniae contains three NQOs (NDH-1, NDH-2, and NQR). The effects of inactivating these NQOs, separately and together, on cell metabolism were investigated under different culture conditions. Defective growth was evident in NDH-1-NDH-2 double and NDH-1-NDH-2-NQR triple deficient mutants, which was probably due to damage to the respiratory chain. The results also showed that K. pneumoniae can flexibly use NQOs to maintain normal growth in single NQO-deficient mutants. And more interestingly, under aerobic conditions, inactivating NDH-1 resulted in a high intracellular NADH:NAD+ ratio, which was proven to be beneficial for 2,3-butanediol production. Compared with the parent strain, 2,3-butanediol production by the NDH-1-deficient mutant was increased by 46% and 62% in glycerol- and glucose-based media, respectively. Thus, our findings provide a practical strategy for metabolic engineering of respiratory chains to promote the biosynthesis of 2,3-butanediol in K. pneumoniae.

Deleting pck improves growth and suppresses by-product formation during 1,3-propanediol fermentation by Klebsiella pneumoniae.

AIMS: To investigate the role of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylation in cell metabolism in Klebsiella pneumoniae. METHODS AND RESULTS: The effects of deleting pck, which encodes PEP carboxykinase (PCK), and/or ppc, which encodes PEP carboxylase (PPC), on growth, enzyme activity and metabolite formation of Kl. pneumoniae were investigated. A self-regulatory mechanism of PEP carboxylation was found in ppc- or pck-deficient mutants, which resulted in almost no change in succinate formation. However, almost no growth was observed in a ppc- and pck-deficient mutant. Interestingly, only deleting pck affected the energy metabolism and promoted aerobic cell growth. Under micro-aerobic conditions, although there was only a small (8·1%) increase of 1,3-propanediol production by such pck-deficient mutant during a 2-l fed-batch process, the by-products 2,3-butanediol and acetate significantly decreased by 73·0% and 54·8%, respectively, compared with those in the parent strain. CONCLUSIONS: PEP carboxylation could be a critical anaplerotic reaction for converting C3 to C4 metabolites in the central metabolism of Kl. pneumoniae. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study is the first to identify the critical role of PEP carboxylation, as well as those of PPC and PCK, which are responsible for this reaction, in Kl. pneumoniae. In addition, the pck-deficient mutant was proven to be a valuable 1,3-propanediol producer.

Deletion of poxB, pta, and ackA improves 1,3-propanediol production by Klebsiella pneumoniae.

To date, few studies have focused on reducing the toxic by-product acetate during 1,3-propanediol production by Klebsiella pneumoniae. In this study, the effects of deleting the poxB, pta, and ackA genes, which are involved in the two main acetate synthesis pathways, on cell growth and 1,3-propanediol production were investigated. Although acetate synthesis via pyruvate oxidase (PoxB, encoded by poxB) generally seems unnecessary and wasteful, PoxB was shown to play an important role in K. pneumoniae. Deletion of poxB severely inhibited cell growth, and the poxB mutant exhibited an anomalously high accumulation of acetate in aerobic cultures and failed to produce an endogenous supply of carbon dioxide (CO2) in anaerobic cultures. It is interesting that both the aerobic and anaerobic growth defects of the poxB mutant were corrected by further deleting pta and ackA, which blocked the other main acetate synthesis pathway. The poxB-pta-ackA mutant excreted less acetate and showed an excellent ability to produce 1,3-propandiol. The final 1,3-propanediol yield and concentration in a 2-L fed-batch fermentation reached 0.66 (mol/mol) and 76.8 g/L, respectively, which were 16 and 15 % greater, respectively, than those of the parent strain.

Vector promoters used in Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Much effort has been devoted to the metabolic engineering of Klebsiella pneumoniae; however, our knowledge of the actual expression level of promoters used in K. pneumoniae is limited. In this study, the expression levels of three promoters were compared systematically by using the lacZ reporter gene with different carbon sources in K. pneumoniae. The results showed that, although promoters PT5 and Ptac designed for Escherichia coli were functional, PT5 appeared more efficient and the induction/repression ratio of Ptac was decreased extremely in K. pneumoniae. The basal level of Ptac for lacZ expression reached 396.5 U/mg, which was 9.5-fold higher compared with PT5 in LB medium, indicating Ptac can be used as an efficient "constitutive" promoter as well as an efficient induced promoter in K. pneumoniae. In different carbon sources medium, a newly constructed endogenous constitutive Pbud proved to be a stable and weak promoter. On the basis of our data, a set of Pbud and Ptac promoters could meet the broad range (about 1,000 orders of magnitude) of gene expression needed for engineered K. pneumoniae in glycerol-based medium.

Improvement of 1,3-propanediol production in Klebsiella pneumoniae by moderate expression of puuC (encoding an aldehyde dehydrogenase).

OBJECTIVE: To improve 1,3-propanediol production in Klebsiella pneumoniae, the effects of puuC expression in lactate- and lactate/2,3-butanediol-deficient strains were assessed. RESULTS: Overexpression of puuC (encoding an aldehyde dehydrogenase) inhibited 1,3-propanediol production and increased 3-hydroxypropionic acid formation in both lactate- and lactate/2,3-butanediol-deficient strains. An improvement in 1,3-propanediol production was only achieved in a lactate-deficient strain via moderate expression of puuC; at the end of the fermentation, 1,3-propanediol productivity increased by 14% compared with the control. Further comparative analysis of the metabolic flux distributions in different strains indicated that 3-hydroxypropionic acid formation could play a considerable role in cell metabolism in K. pneumoniae. CONCLUSION: An improvement in 3-hydroxypropionic acid formation would be beneficial for cell metabolism, which can be accomplished by enhancing 1,3-propanediol productivity in a lactate-deficient strain via moderate expression of puuC.

Cervical disc arthroplasty versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for treatment of symptomatic cervical disc disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness and safety of cervical disc arthroplasty with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for treatment of symptomatic cervical disc disease. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is the conventional surgical treatment for symptomatic cervical disc disease. Recently, cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) has been developed to address some of the shortcomings associated with ACDF by preserving function of the motion segment. Controversy still surrounds regarding whether CDA is better. METHODS: We systematically searched six electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Clinical, Ovid, BIOSIS and Cochrane registry of controlled clinical trials) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to April 2014 in which CDA was compared with ACDF for the treatment of symptomatic cervical disc disease. Effective data were extracted after the assessment of methodological quality of the trials. Then, we performed the meta-analysis. RESULTS: Eighteen relevant RCTs with a total of 4061 patients were included. The results of the meta-analysis indicated that CDA was superior to ACDF regarding better neurological success (P < 0.00001), greater motion preservation at the operated level (P < 0.00001), fewer secondary surgical procedures (P < 0.00001), and fewer rates of adverse events (P < 0.00001) but inferior to ACDF regarding operative times (P < 0.00001). No significant difference was identified between the two groups regarding blood loss (P = 0.87), lengths of hospital stay (P = 0.76), neck pain scores (P = 0.11) and arm pain scores (P = 0.78) reported on a visual analog scale. CONCLUSION: The meta-analysis revealed that CDA demonstrated superiorities in better neurological success, greater motion preservation at the operated level, lower rate of adverse events and fewer secondary surgical procedures compared with ACDF. However, the benefits of blood loss, lengths of hospital stay, neck and arm pain functional recovery are still unable to be proved.

L-Cysteine: A promising nutritional supplement for alleviating anxiety disorders.

Anxiety disorders are prevalent chronic psychological disease with complex pathogenic mechanisms. Current anxiolytics have limited efficacy and numerous side effects in many anxiety patients, highlighting the urgent need for new therapies. Recent research has been focusing on nutritional supplements, particularly amino acids, as potential therapies for anxiety disorders. Among these, L-Cysteine plays a crucial role in various biological processes. L-Cysteine exhibits antioxidant properties that can enhance the antioxidant functions of the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, metabolites of L-cysteine, such as glutathione and hydrogen sulfide have been shown to alleviate anxiety through distinct molecular mechanisms. Long-term administration of L-Cysteine has anxiolytic, antidepressant, and memory-improving effects. L-Cysteine depletion can lead to increased oxidative stress in the brain. This review delves into the potential mechanisms of L-Cysteine and its main products, glutathione (GSH) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the management of anxiety and related diseases.

In situ strain-level detection and identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

The outer membrane of a bacterium is composed of chemical and biological components that carry specific molecular information related to strains, growth stages, expressions to stimulation, and maybe even geographic differences. In this work, we demonstrate that the biochemical information embedded in the outer membrane can be used for rapid detection and identification of pathogenic bacteria using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). We used seven different strains of the marine pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus as a model system. The strains represent four genetically distinct clades isolated from clinical and environmental sources in Washington, U.S.A. The unique quasi-3D (Q3D) plasmonic nanostructure arrays, optimized using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) calculations, were used as SERS-active substrates for sensitive and reproducible detection of these bacteria. SERS barcodes were generated on the basis of SERS spectra and were used to successfully detect individual strains in both blind samples and mixtures. The sensing and detection methods developed in this work could have broad applications in the areas of environmental monitoring, biomedical diagnostics, and homeland security.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene polymorphisms and risk of head and neck cancer: a meta-analysis involving 2,444 individuals.

The association between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene polymorphisms and risk of head and neck cancer (HNC) were investigated in many published studies; however, the currently available results are inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis for deriving a more precise estimation of association between VEGF polymorphisms and the risk of HNC. Finally, we yield eight case-control studies involving six polymorphisms contain 2,444 individuals from PubMed, Embase, and CNKI up to January 30, 2013 (last updated on May 4, 2013). The results of meta-analysis showed that all the six polymorphisms of VEGF were not associated with risk of HNC [OR 1.25, 95 % CI (0.60-1.58) for TT vs. CC for 936 C/T; OR 1.41, 95 % CI (0.79-2.52) for GG vs. AA for -1,154 A/G; OR 0.97, 95 % CI (0.38-2.50) for CC vs. GG for 405 G/C; OR 1.44, 95 % CI (0.80-2.61) for AA vs. CC for 2,578 C/A; OR 1.27, 95 % CI (0.77-3.72) for TT vs. CC for -460 C/T; and OR 0.87, 95 % CI (0.37-2.06) for GG vs. CC for -634 G/C]. When performed subgroup analysis according to ethnicity for VEGF 936 C/T, the results suggested that it was not associated with the risk of HNC for either Asians [OR 0.84, 95 % CI (0.27-2.56) for TT vs. CC] or Caucasians [OR 2.10, 95 % CI (0.82-5.37) for TT vs. CC]. However, due to the limitations of this meta-analysis, more well designed, larger sample size, and adjusted risk factors studies are suggested to further assess the findings.

Acceleration effect of amino acid supplementation on glycerol assimilation by Escherichia coli in minimal medium.

Growth of Escherichia coli BL21 in a glycerol minimal medium was accelerated following supplementation with trace amounts of amino acid (0.35 mM). Of 12 amino acids tested, Arg and Ser gave the highest response, increasing cell growth by 63 and 53 %, respectively, compared to control cells. The ability of amino acids to accelerate cell growth was "switch-like" and was achieved by promoting glycerol utilization, which may be applied to shorten the long lag-phase when glycerol is used as carbon source. Acceleration of cell growth following amino acid supplementation was also observed using lactose minimal medium.

Bibliometric and visualized analysis of applying tumor markers in lung cancer diagnosis from 2000 to 2022.

Background: Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Tumor marker (TM) detection can indicate the existence and growth of a tumor and has therefore been used extensively for diagnosing LC. Here, we conducted a bibliometric analysis to examine TM-related publications for LC diagnosis to illustrate the current state and future trends of this field, as well as to identify additional promising TMs with high sensitivity. Methods: Publications regarding TMs in LC diagnosis were downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace was applied to perform a bibliometric analysis of journals, cocitation authors, keywords, and references related to this field. VOSviewer was used to generate concise diagrams about countries, institutions, authors, and keywords. Changes in the TM research frontier were analyzed through citation burst detection. Results: A total of 990 studies were analyzed in this work. The collaboration network analysis revealed that the People's Republic of China, Yonsei University, and Molina R were the most productive country, institution, and scholar, respectively. Additionally, Molina R was the author with the most citations. The National Natural Science Foundation of China was the largest funding source. "Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as tumor marker in lung cancer" was the top reference with the most citations, Lung Cancer was the core journal, and "serum tumor marker" experienced a citation burst over the past 5 years. Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis of TMs in LC diagnosis presents the current trends and frontiers in this field. We summarized the research status of this field and the methods to improve the diagnostic efficacy of traditional serum TMs, as well as provided new directions and ideas for improving the LC clinical detection rate. Priority should be given to the transformation of computer-assisted diagnostic technology for clinical applications. In addition, circulating tumor cells, exosomes, and microRNAs were the current most cutting-edge TMs.

Clinical Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma to Promote Tendon-Bone Healing and Graft Maturation in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction-A Randomized Controlled Study.

Background: We investigated the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on tendon-bone healing and intra-articular graft (IAG) maturation after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Methods: In this prospective randomized controlled study, 60 patients with ruptured ACLs were divided one-to-one into two groups (study and control). Patients were treated using single-bundle autologous hamstring autografts. Only patients in the study group were administered PRP. Knee function (pre-operative and three-, six-, and 12-month post-operative Lysholm activity, Tegner and International Knee Documentation Committee scores, femoral tunnel (FT) and tibial tunnel (TT) diameters measured with computed tomography (post-operative follow-up at 4 days and at 12 months), and magnetic resonance imaging signal/noise quotients of the IAG and graft in the FT (at 12 months) were used to evaluate tendon-bone healing and graft maturation. Results: Patients' knee function scores improved after ACL reconstruction, but there were no significant differences between groups. At 12 months, FT (study, 8.88 ± 1.46 mm; control, 8.42 ± 2.75 mm) and TT (study, 9.50 ± 1.07 mm; control, 9.99 ± 1.91 mm) diameters were larger than FT (study, 6.91 ± 0.74 mm; control, 7.30 ± 1.17 mm) and TT (study, 9.31 ± 0.83 mm; control, 9.36 ± 0.88 mm) diameters at 4 days; however, differences between groups were not significant (FT, P = 0.67; TT, P = 0.52). There were no significant differences between groups for signal/noise quotients of the IAG (study, 1.38 ± 0.70; control, 2.01 ± 0.62; P = 0.06) and FT-portion of the graft (study, 2.39 ± 1.22; control, 2.46 ± 0.83; P = 0.89). Conclusion: PRP had no significant effect on reducing bone tunnel widening, accelerating tendon-bone healing, or improving knee function; however, PRP may improve IAG maturation. Trial registration: Our study was first registered at Clinicaltrials.gov with registration No. NCT04659447 on 12/09/2020.

A new and effective genes-based method for phylogenetic analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

The exponential increase in the number of genomes deposited in public databases can help us gain a more holistic understanding of the phylogeny and epidemiology of Klebsiella pneumoniae. However, inferring the evolutionary relationships of K. pneumoniae based on big genomic data is challenging for existing methods. In this study, core genes of K. pneumoniae were determined and analysed in terms of differences in GC content, mutation rate, size, and potential functions. We then developed a stable genes-based method for big data analysis and compared it with existing methods. Our new method achieved a higher resolution phylogenetic analysis of K. pneumoniae. Using this genes-based method, we explored global phylogenetic relationships based on a public database of nearly 953 genomes. The results provide useful information to facilitate the phylogenetic and epidemiological analysis of K. pneumoniae, and the findings are relevant for security applications.