Cooling of a Gram-Scale Cantilever Flexure to 70 mK with a Servo-Modified Optical Spring.

A series of recent articles have presented results demonstrating optical cooling of macroscopic objects, highlighting the importance of this phenomenon for investigations of macroscopic quantum mechanics and its implications for thermal noise in gravitational wave detectors. In this Letter, we present a measurement of the off-resonance suspension thermal noise of a 1 g oscillator, and we show that it can be cooled to just 70 mK. The cooling is achieved by using a servo to impose a phase delay between oscillator motion and optical force. A model is developed to show how optical rigidity and optical cooling can be interchangeable using this technique.

[Problems and goals of psychotherapy patients. A qualitative-content analytic study of patient statements at initial assessment]. / Probleme und Ziele von Psychotherapiepatienten. Eine qualitativ-inhaltsanalytische Untersuchung der Patientenangaben beim Erstgespräch.

The present paper has the objective of demonstrating the content-analytical assessment of problems reported by the patient and of his expectations in respect of psychotherapeutic treatment. In this approach of qualitative research, the interpretation process is split up into several steps which can be tested with regard to their adequacy to the material. This reduces the range of subjective interpretations. The development of the analysis of content is described in detail. First of all, a system of categories was outlined on the basis of patients' Nos. 1-40. This system was then used to rate the texts Nos. 41-80 and modified. After that, the revised version was applied to rate the texts Nos. 81-120, and so on. As can be shown, high interrater reliabilities were achieved by this procedure. The coding of the entire sample of n = 198 patient reports yielded the following results. Of all problems, depressive complaints, bodily complaints, anxiety and interpersonal problems were most frequent. The most important goals concerned coping with anxiety, gaining joy of living/happiness/satisfaction, greater self-assertion, better family relations/partnership, coping with problems and peace of mind/calmness. The categories of goals (18 items) seemed to be more complex and manifold than the categories of problems (10 items) and went beyond mere reduction of complaints or problems. As was to be expected, differences between diagnostic groups with regard to frequency of problems and expectations could be demonstrated. However, these differences were found only in the frequencies of deficits (complaints and problems) and reduction of complaints or coping with problems, respectively, whereas positive, health-related goals did not seem to be specific to the disorder. This suggests that it would be worth while to utilise patients' subjective definitions of problems and goals for assessment schedules to evaluate treatment outcomes.

Frequency stabilization of a monolithic Nd:YAG ring laser by controlling the power of the laser-diode pump source.

The frequency of a 700-mW monolithic nonplanar Nd:YAG ring laser (NPRO) depends, with a large coupling coefficient (megahertz per milliwatt), on the power of its laser-diode pump source. Using this effect, we demonstrate frequency stabilization of a NPRO to a frequency reference by feeding back to the current of its pump diodes. We achieved an error-point frequency noise smaller than 1mHz/ radicalHz and, simultaneously, a reduction of the power noise of the NPRO by 10 dB without an additional power-stabilization feedback system.