In vitro therapeutic evaluation of nanoliposome loaded with Xyloglucans polysaccharides from Tamarindus flower extract.

Nanoparticles are interesting area of research developed for several diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Tamarind flower extract is rich in Xyloglucan, a starch like polysaccharide which promotes proliferation and various application areas like drug-delivery technology. In recent years researchers are evaluating nanoliposome using in vitro and in vivo studies to discover their biomedical applications. Considering the importance and feasibility of nanoliposome, the present study is focused on synthesis of liposomes via biological method. The biological molecules of Tamarindus indica flower were used for the synthesis of nanoliposome. The synthesized Tamarindus indica flower extract lipid nanoparticles (TifeLiNPs) loaded with xyloglucans were characterized and evaluated for therapeutic applications (antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities) under in vitro condition. UV-Vis spectral analysis revealed the emission of peak at 232 nm. Further, the chemical characterization using FTIR revealed the presence of components in the functional group. EDX analysis exhibited the presence of O, Na, P and Cl, while DLS confirmed bilayer formation of xyloglucan and liposomes with uniform size (70-80 nm) and spherical shape. The Physicochemical characterization of tamarind flower extract for its chemical composition revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins and flavonoids in confirmatory test. Presence of carbohydrate polymers such as rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose and xylose revealed using high performance anion exchange (HPAE) chromatography under basic conditions on an ion chromatographic system were measured using Pulsed Amperometric Detection (PAD). The synthesized nanoliposome evaluated against Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria showed potential antibacterial activity. TifeLiNPs demonstrated significant in vitro antioxidant potential, antidiabetic, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity. Overall, the present study exhibited the potential application of TifeLiNPs for biomedical purposes.

Endophyte fungi, Cladosporium species-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles possessing in vitro antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-Alzheimer activity.

This research study is to develop an easy and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of AgNPs using aqueous extract of endophytic fungi, Cladosporium species (CsAgNPs) and investigated the effects of antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE), anti-butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity. Cladosporium species-mediated silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The aqueous extract of Cladosporium species has shown the presence of carbohydrates, tannin, phenolic glycosides, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenol and anthraquinones. At 438 nm conformed the absorbance of AgNPs. The SEM result confirms that size, morphology and high density of the synthesized nanoparticles with huge disparity in the particle size distribution. The FTIR analysis confirmed the important biological compounds responsible for reduction of silver. Strong absorption property of AgNPs was studied by EDX. In antioxidant activity, CsAgNPs showed the involvement of NADPH-dependent reductase in the formation of AgNPs. The AgNPs has reduced the activity of α-amylase, α-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV in vitro antidiabetic activity. The CsAgNPs showed significant glucose uptake in 3T3L1 cell line. The AgNPs have shown excellent inhibitory activity against AChE and BChE. To our best knowledge, this is the first on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using endophytic fungi, Cladosporium species isolated from healthy leaf of Loranthus micranthus. Hence, to validate our results the in vivo animal studies at molecular level are needed to develop an antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-cholinesterase agent.