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1.
Can Rev Sociol ; 61(2): 110-130, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38535618

RESUMO

This paper provides a longitudinal social network and content analysis of Canadian think tanks affiliated with the Atlas network, analyzing their efforts to obstruct climate action over the last two decades. Network analysis reveals extensive and deepening board interlocks and joint memberships between these think tanks and the fossil fuel industry, other policy-planning organizations within and beyond Canada, and academic institutions. Consistent with and rooted in network ties, Atlas members produce a large and growing volume of climate-related content, including content that denies the reality and impacts of climate change, promotes and defends the fossil fuel sector, and opposes climate policy and action. Atlas affiliates are argued to be at the core of a reactionary segment of Canada's elite policy-planning network opposed to virtually all forms of climate action, while the frames and campaigns they deploy are seen as a force obstructing progress on climate change.


Cet article propose une analyse longitudinale des réseaux sociaux et du contenu des groupes de réflexion canadiens affiliés au réseau Atlas, en analysant leurs efforts d'obstruction à l'action climatique au cours des deux dernières décennies. L'analyse des réseaux révèle des liens étendus et de plus en plus profonds entre les conseils d'administration et les membres conjoints de ces groupes de réflexion et l'industrie des combustibles fossiles, d'autres organisations de planification politique au Canada et à l'étranger, ainsi que des institutions universitaires. En accord avec les liens du réseau et enracinés dans ceux­ci, les membres de l'Atlas produisent un volume important et croissant de contenus liés au climat, y compris des contenus qui nient la réalité et les impacts du changement climatique, promeuvent et défendent le secteur des combustibles fossiles et s'opposent aux politiques et actions climatiques. Les affiliés d'Atlas sont considérés comme étant au cœur d'un segment réactionnaire du réseau d'élite de planification politique du Canada opposé à pratiquement toutes les formes d'action climatique, tandis que les cadres et les campagnes qu'ils déploient sont perçus comme une force qui entrave les progrès en matière de changement climatique.


Assuntos
Mudança Climática , Canadá , Mudança Climática/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Combustíveis Fósseis/estatística & dados numéricos
2.
Can Rev Sociol ; 2024 Aug 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39176442

RESUMO

This study provides a content and frame analysis of the news media advocacy of prominent environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) in Canada. We find that these organizations have an important voice in shaping how climate change is framed in news media, but that ecological modernization frames and narratives, which avoid issues of power, conflict, and social-transformative change, are dominant. Core elements of this discourse are contested, however, as some ENGOs oppose the fossil sector, critique the shortcomings of proffered (technological) climate solutions, and call for muscular interventions aimed at energy transition. We also find that environmental justice frames - particularly those focused on Indigenous rights - are gaining traction, revealing a promising pathway of influence for ENGOs focused on climate justice.


Cette étude propose une analyse du contenu et du cadre de la défense dans les médias d'information des principales organisations non gouvernementales de l'environnement (ONGE) au Canada. Nous constatons que ces organisations ont un rôle important à jouer dans la façon dont le changement climatique est présenté dans les médias d'information, mais que les cadres et les récits de modernisation écologique, qui évitent les questions de pouvoir, de conflit et de changement social transformateur, sont dominants. Les éléments fondamentaux de ce discours sont toutefois contestés, puisque certaines ONGE s'opposent au secteur fossile, critiquent les lacunes des solutions climatiques (technologiques) proposées et appellent à des interventions musclées visant à la transition énergétique. Nous constatons également que les cadres de la justice environnementale ­ en particulier ceux axés sur les droits des autochtones ­ gagnent du terrain, révélant une voie d'influence prometteuse pour les ONGE axées sur la justice climatique.

3.
Can Rev Sociol ; 58(3): 284-305, 2021 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34288430

RESUMO

In mobilizing funds that selectively support non-profits, foundations shape the political field. This study maps the funding relationships between foundations, ENGOs and think tanks in Canada and considers the implications for environmental politics. We examine foundation funding for different strains of environmental politics and policy-planning and consider how ENGOs and think tanks are clustered as communities within a foundation-centred support network. Of particular interest are 'clean growth' ENGOs that have emerged as key proponents of business-friendly approaches to the climate crisis. We find that the ENGOs receiving large grants tend to be conservationist while the think tanks tend to be conservative. Communities in the network are divided between several clusters of corporate and family foundations supporting conservative think tanks, clean growth ENGOs and conservationist ENGOs, and a segment of the network in which one municipal and several family foundations, support more social-ecological organizations, thereby facilitating more transformative visions and policies. Although few in number, clean growth organizations tend to receive giant donations, in some cases from corporate foundations aligned with the fossil-fuel sector. Recent adoption of clean growth as governmental policy and its embrace within philanthropic missions could reshape the environmental field towards 'clean growth', as ENGOs seek funding and legitimacy.


En mobilisant des fonds qui soutiennent sélectivement des organismes sans but lucratif, les fondations façonnent le champ politique. Cette étude cartographie les relations de financement entre les fondations, les ONGE et les groupes de réflexion au Canada et examine les implications pour les politiques environnementales. Nous examinons le financement des fondations pour différents types de politiques environnementales et de planification des politiques et nous étudions comment les ONGE et les groupes de réflexion sont regroupés en tant que communautés au sein d'un réseau de soutien centré sur les fondations. Un intérêt particulier est porté aux ONGE de "croissance propre" qui sont devenues des partisans clés d'approches de la crise climatique favorables aux entreprises. Nous constatons que les ONGE qui reçoivent d'importantes subventions ont tendance à être conservationnistes, tandis que les groupes de réflexion ont tendance à être conservateurs. Les communautés du réseau sont divisées entre plusieurs groupes de fondations d'entreprise et familiales soutenant des groupes de réflexion conservateurs, des ONGE de croissance propre et des ONGE conservationnistes, et un segment du réseau dans lequel une fondation municipale et plusieurs fondations familiales soutiennent des organisations plus sociales-écologiques, facilitant ainsi des visions et des politiques plus transformatrices. Bien que peu nombreuses, les organisations de croissance propre ont tendance à recevoir des dons géants, dans certains cas de la part de fondations d'entreprises alignées sur le secteur des combustibles fossiles. L'adoption récente de la croissance propre en tant que politique gouvernementale et sa prise en compte dans les missions philanthropiques pourraient remodeler le domaine de l'environnement en faveur de la "croissance propre", les ONGE étant en quête de financement et de légitimité.


Assuntos
Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/estatística & dados numéricos , Fundações/organização & administração , Organizações/organização & administração , Canadá
4.
Can Rev Sociol ; 56(2): 224-250, 2019 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31037859

RESUMO

This study investigates the relationship between the carbon extractive sector in Canada and renewable energy development. Specifically, it examines the strategies employed by Canadian carbon-capital firms to shape and control alternative energy and considers if we are witnessing signs of "transition capture" as some oil, gas, and coal firms invest in a gradual shift toward "climate capitalism." I investigate first, investments by large Canada-based fossil fuel companies in renewable energy and second, interlocking directorate relations between the fossil fuel sector and the renewables industry. Findings suggest the possibility of a long-term strategic orientation toward a climate capitalist model of development by some carbon-capital firms; however, this alignment remains highly tentative, with evidence pointing to an industry that is largely without plans for energy transition.


Cette étude s'interroge sur la relation qui existe entre le secteur canadien de l'extraction du carbone et le développement des énergies renouvelables. Elle examine plus particulièrement les stratégies utilisées par les firmes canadiennes qui investissent dans le carbone pour modeler et contrôler les énergies alternatives et se demande si nous ne sommes pas en train d'assister à une espèce de " prise en passant" alors que certaines entreprises qui exploitent l'huile, le gaz et le charbon investissent dans un déplacement graduel vers le "capitalisme climatique." J'étudie d'abord les placements que font dans les énergies renouvelables d'importantes sociétés canadiennes de combustibles fossiles, puis le cousinage entre les administrateurs du secteur des combustibles fossiles et celui des énergies renouvelables. Ce que j'ai trouvé évoque la possibilité d'une orientation stratégique à long terme vers un modèle de croissance orienté vers le capitalisme climatique pour certaines entreprises qui investissent dans le carbone. Cette orientation demeure toutefois hautement spéculative, car les données indiquent que ce secteur ne planifie que très peu une transition énergétique.

5.
Theranostics ; 9(25): 7872-7888, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31695805

RESUMO

Quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) continues to deepen our understanding of the immune system, quickly becoming the gold standard for obtaining high-throughput, quantitative data on biomolecules. The development of targeted and multiplexed assays for biomarker quantification makes MS an attractive tool both for diagnosing diseases and for quantifying the effects of immunotherapeutics. Because of its accuracy, the use of MS for identifying biomarkers of disease reduces the potential for misdiagnosis and overtreatment. Advances in workflows for sample processing have drastically reduced processing time and complexities due to sample preparation, making MS a more accessible technology. In this review, we present how recent developments in proteomics and metabolomics make MS an essential component of enhancing and monitoring the efficacy of immunotherapeutic treatments.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Metabolômica/métodos , Proteômica/métodos , Animais , Humanos , Fatores Imunológicos/imunologia , Fatores Imunológicos/metabolismo , Imunoterapia/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Usos Terapêuticos
6.
Can Rev Sociol ; 55(3): 425-450, 2018 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29974629

RESUMO

This study employs social network analysis to map the Canadian network of carbon-capital corporations whose boards interlock with key knowledge-producing civil society organizations, including think tanks, industry associations, business advocacy organizations, universities, and research institutes. We find a pervasive pattern of carbon-sector reach into these domains of civil society, forming a single, connected network that is centered in Alberta yet linked to the central-Canadian corporate elite through hegemonic capitalist organizations, including major financial companies. This structure provides the architecture for a "soft" denial regime that acknowledges climate change while protecting the continued flow of profit to fossil fuel and related companies.


Cette étude emploie une analyse de réseaux sociaux faisant la carte du réseau Canadien des corporations de 'carbon-capital' dont les comités sont liés à des organisations civiles de production de savoir, incluant des groupes de réflexion ('think thanks'), des associations d'entreprises, des groupes de défense des milieux d'affaire, des universités et des instituts de recherche. Nous avons découvert un modèle se fondant sur une tendance omni-présente ('pattern') dans le secteur du carbone, formant un réseau singulier centré en Alberta mais lié néanmoins à l'élite corporative à travers les organisations capitalistes hégémoniques, incluant des compagnies financières majeures. Cette structure révèle l'architecture d'un régime de déni 'mou' qui reconnaît le changement climatique tout en protégeant le flot continu de profit de compagnies liées au combustible fossile.

7.
Ann Med ; 49(5): 411-420, 2017 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28166415

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Reported associations between shiftwork and health have largely been based on occupation-specific, or single sex studies that might not be generalizable to the entire working population. The objective of this study was to investigate whether shiftwork was independently associated with obesity, diabetes, poor sleep, and well-being in a large, UK general population cohort. METHODS: Participants of the UK Biobank study who were employed at the time of assessment were included. Exposure variables were self-reported shiftwork (any shiftwork and night shiftwork); and outcomes were objectively measured obesity, inflammation and physical activity and self-reported lifestyle, sleep and well-being variables, including mental health. RESULTS: Shiftwork was reported by 17% of the 277,168 employed participants. Shiftworkers were more likely to be male, socioeconomically deprived and smokers, and to have higher levels of physical activity. Univariately, and following adjustment for lifestyle and work-related confounders, shiftworkers were more likely to be obese, depressed, to report disturbed sleep, and to have neurotic traits. CONCLUSIONS: Shiftwork was independently associated with multiple indicators of poor health and wellbeing, despite higher physical activity, and even in shiftworkers that did not work nights. Shiftwork is an emerging social factor that contributes to disease in the urban environment across the working population. Key messages Studies have linked shiftwork to obesity and diabetes in nurses and industry workers, but little is known about the implications of shiftwork for the general workforce In this large cross sectional study of UK workers, shiftwork was associated with obesity, depression and sleep disturbance, despite higher levels of physical activity. Shiftwork was associated with multiple indicators of compromised health and wellbeing and were more likely to report neurotic traits and evening preference.


Assuntos
Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Jornada de Trabalho em Turnos/efeitos adversos , Tolerância ao Trabalho Programado , Adulto , Idoso , Bancos de Espécimes Biológicos , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/etiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/etiologia , Doenças Profissionais/psicologia , Transtornos do Sono do Ritmo Circadiano/etiologia , Reino Unido
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