Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 37
Filtrar
Mais filtros

Base de dados
País/Região como assunto
Tipo de documento
Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
Cytometry A ; 101(7): 597-605, 2022 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35507402

RESUMO

Renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) is responsible for the majority of tumors arising from the kidney parenchyma. Although a progressive improvement in median overall survival has been observed after the introduction of anti-PD-1 therapy, many patients do not benefit from this treatment. Therefore, we have investigated T cell dynamics to find immune modification induced by anti-PD-1 therapy. Here, we show that, after therapy, RCC patients (5 responders and 14 nonresponders) are characterized by a redistribution of different subsets across the memory T cell compartment.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais , Neoplasias Renais , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Carcinoma de Células Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T
2.
BMC Cancer ; 22(1): 168, 2022 Feb 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35164713

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) accounts for only about 5-10% of all urothelial cancers and is characterized by an aggressive and frequently rapidly fatal behavior. However, detailed knowledge of its molecular profile is still lacking. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified, by chart analysis, patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy or diagnostic biopsy for UTUC between January 2015 and August 2020 at the Santa Maria Hospital of Terni, in Italy. Eligible patients were required to have also adequate clinical informations and follow-up details. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins and Nectin-4 immunohistochemical expression in UTUC, looking also for an eventual correlation between these molecular features. The secondary objective was to investigate genomic instability in the case of a MMR protein loss. Expression of proteins was assessed by using immunohistochemistry and microsatellite instability (MSI) performed by next generation sequencing. Nectin-4 expression was reported using an intensity scoring system (score, 0-3+), instead the expression of DNA MMR proteins was indicated as present (no loss) or not present (loss). RESULTS: Thirty four cases have been evaluated and 27 considered eligible for the study with their tumor samples analyzed. Nectin-4 was found to be expressed in 44% of cases and 18.5% of patients showed defective-MMR phenotype. We found a significant correlation between Nectin-4 expression and MSH2/MSH6 protein loss. Out of 7 patients with DNA MMR proteins loss or equivocal phenotype, 3 showed MSI. CONCLUSIONS: Our pilot study suggest a possible relationship between Nectin-4 and DNA MMR protein expression in UTUC and a clinically significant correlation between defective MMR phenotype and genomic instability. Because of the possible implications of these data for innovative treatment approaches, the need for further studies in this area is warranted.


Assuntos
Carcinoma/genética , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/metabolismo , Reparo de Erro de Pareamento de DNA/genética , Neoplasias Urológicas/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Carcinoma/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Itália , Masculino , Instabilidade de Microssatélites , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nefroureterectomia , Fenótipo , Projetos Piloto , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Urológicas/cirurgia , Urotélio/metabolismo
3.
Oncologist ; 26(5): 389-396, 2021 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33554383

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Cabozantinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Cabozantinib is a weak base that exhibits a pH-dependent solubility profile in vitro which raises concerns about its bioavailability in patients treated with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether PPI use has an impact on the efficacy, safety, and residual concentration (Ctrough) of cabozantinib in patients with mRCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective review of a prospectively collected electronic database of patients with mRCC who received cabozantinib at Gustave Roussy between February 2014 and December 2018. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis and the Cox proportional-hazard model for uni- and multivariate analysis. In parallel, we conducted a pharmacokinetic study of cabozantinib in a distinct cohort of 50 mRCC patients, in which cabozantinib Ctrough was assayed using a validated tandem mass spectrometry-liquid chromatography method. RESULTS: We identified 99 patients treated with cabozantinib, including 43 patients being PPI users. With a median follow-up of 30.3 months, PPI users showed similar progression-free survival and overall survival outcomes compared with PPI nonusers. Similarly, the incidence of adverse events was not significantly different between the PPI users and nonusers, although PPI users required dose reductions more often. In the independent pharmacokinetic cohort, of whom 21 received PPI concomitantly, Ctrough was similar between the two groups. CONCLUSION: In line with the pharmacologic data, the concomitant use of PPI does not significantly impact the efficacy or safety of cabozantinib in patients with mRCC. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Drug interactions, especially between targeted therapies and proton pump inhibitors (PPI), were shown to potentially impact the outcomes of cancer patients. Cabozantinib, a current therapeutic standard in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), exhibits a pH-dependent solubility profile, which raises concerns about its bioavailability in patients treated with proton pump inhibitors (PPI). At the present time, there is no evidence regarding the effect of PPIs on cabozantinib's efficacy and safety in patients with mRCC. This study found that the concomitant use of PPI during cabozantinib treatment in mRCC patients does not appear to impact the residual concentration, efficacy, and safety of cabozantinib in a real-life context.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais , Neoplasias Renais , Anilidas , Carcinoma de Células Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/uso terapêutico , Piridinas , Estudos Retrospectivos
4.
J Natl Compr Canc Netw ; 19(4): 432-438, 2021 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33578374

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) management guidelines recommend brain imaging if clinically indicated and the rate of occult central nervous system (CNS) metastasis is not well-defined. Early detection could have major therapeutic implications, because timely interventions may limit morbidity and mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was performed to characterize patients with mRCC incidentally diagnosed with asymptomatic brain metastases during screening for clinical trial participation at Gustave Roussy and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Descriptive statistics and time-to-event methods were used to evaluate the cohort. RESULTS: Across 68 clinical trials conducted between 2001 and 2019 with a median 14.1-month follow-up, 72 of 1,689 patients (4.3%) with mRCC harbored occult brain metastases. The International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC) risk status was favorable (26%), intermediate (61%), and poor (13%), and 86% of patients had ≥2 extracranial sites of disease, including lung metastases in 92% of patients. CNS involvement was multifocal in 38.5% of patients, and the largest brain metastasis was >1 cm in diameter in 40% of the cohort. Localized brain-directed therapy was pursued in 93% of patients, predominantly radiotherapy. Median overall survival was 10.3 months (range, 7.0-17.9 months), and the 1-year overall survival probability was 48% (95% CI, 37%-62%). IMDC risk and number or size of lesions did not correlate with survival (log-rank, P=.3, P=.25, and P=.067, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This large multi-institutional mRCC cohort study identified occult brain metastasis in a notable proportion of patients (4.3%) and highlights that the risk of asymptomatic CNS involvement extends to those with favorable risk features per IMDC risk assessment. These data provide rationale for brain screening in patients with advanced RCC.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas , Carcinoma de Células Renais , Neoplasias Renais , Neoplasias Encefálicas/secundário , Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/terapia , Humanos , Achados Incidentais , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Neoplasias Renais/terapia , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida
5.
Future Oncol ; 15(10): 1115-1123, 2019 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30887825

RESUMO

AIM: To evaluate activity of metronomic cyclophosphamide (mCTX) in heavily pretreated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. PATIENTS & METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated a consecutive series of 74 mCRPC patients treated with at least one new agent after docetaxel failure, who received once-daily oral mCTX treatment at a fixed dose of 50 mg. RESULTS: The treatment was well tolerated. Sixteen percent of the patients experienced a major biochemical response. Median progression-free survival was 4.0 months, and median overall survival was 8.1 months. CONCLUSIONS: In the modern context of mCRPC, mCTX may represent a valuable and inexpensive alternative to new agents, which have shown similar activity in heavily pretreated patients.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/uso terapêutico , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias de Próstata Resistentes à Castração/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias de Próstata Resistentes à Castração/secundário , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Segurança do Paciente , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento
6.
Anticancer Drugs ; 29(7): 705-709, 2018 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29846246

RESUMO

We aimed to investigate the different outcomes in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with second-line axitinib or everolimus after sunitinib. Patients treated in 16 oncological centres in Italy were included, and those receiving axitinib or everolimus from January 2013 onwards were analysed for outcomes. Descriptive statistical tests were used to highlight differences between groups. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Data on 634 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with first-line sunitinib have been obtained. A total of 182 patients received a second-line therapy with everolimus (79 patients, 43%) or axitinib (103 patients, 57%), respectively. The median PFS was 4.6 [95% confidence (CI): 2.6-6.5] months for patients treated with everolimus and 5.5 (95% CI: 4.3-6.7) months for patients treated with axitinib (P=0.7). The median OS was 13.9 (95% CI: 10.4-17.4) months for patients treated with everolimus and 12.0 (95% CI: 7.9-16.2) months for patients treated with axitinib (P=0.3). No differences were found based on length of first-line treatment. Major limitations are the retrospective nature of the study and the lack of a prospective evaluation of the progression. This study reports no significantly differences between everolimus and axitinib in terms of both PFS and OS. Furthermore, the length of first-line treatment cannot be used as such a predictive factor and cannot suggest the use of a molecule compared with another.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Axitinibe/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma de Células Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Everolimo/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Sunitinibe/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Axitinibe/administração & dosagem , Carcinoma de Células Renais/mortalidade , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Esquema de Medicação , Everolimo/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Renais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sunitinibe/administração & dosagem
7.
BMC Cancer ; 17(1): 493, 2017 Jul 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28724419

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Vinflunine is the only chemotherapeutic agent shown to improve survival in platinum-refractory patients with metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium (TCCU) in a phase III clinical trial, which led to product registration for this indication in Europe. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of vinflunine and to evaluate the prognostic significance of risk factors in a large, unselected cohort of patients with metastatic TCCU treated according to routine clinical practice. METHODS: This was a retrospective multicenter study. Italian cancer centers were selected if, according to the Registry of the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA), at least four patients had been treated with vinflunine between February 2011 and June 2014, after first- or second-line platinum-based chemotherapy. The primary objective was to test whether the efficacy measured by overall survival (OS) in the registration study could be confirmed in routine clinical practice. Multivariate analysis was carried out using Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: A total of 217 patients were treated in 28 Italian centers. Median age was 69 years (IQR 62-76) and 84% were male; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) was ≥ 1 in 53% of patients. The median number of cycles was 4 (IQR 2-6); 29%, 35%, and 36% received an initial dose of 320 mg/m2, 280 mg/m2 or a lower dose, respectively. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and OS for the entire population was 3.2 months (2.6-3.7) and 8.1 months (6.3-8.9). A complete response was observed in six patients, partial response in 21, stable disease in 60, progressive disease in 108, with a disease control rate of 40%. Multivariate analysis showed that ECOG PS, number of metastatic sites and liver involvement were unfavorable prognostic factors for OS. Toxicity was mild, and grade 3-4 adverse effects were mainly: neutropenia (9%), anemia (6%), asthenia/fatigue (7%) and constipation (5%). CONCLUSIONS: In routine clinical practice the results obtained with VFL seem to be better than the results of the registration trial and reinforce evidence supporting its use after failure of a platinum-based chemotherapy.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Urológicas/tratamento farmacológico , Vimblastina/análogos & derivados , Idoso , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/secundário , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Itália , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Platina/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento , Neoplasias Urológicas/patologia , Urotélio/efeitos dos fármacos , Urotélio/patologia , Vimblastina/efeitos adversos , Vimblastina/uso terapêutico
8.
Future Oncol ; 11(23): 3159-66, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26544922

RESUMO

AIMS: This retrospective study aimed to investigate safety and efficacy of everolimus in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis. PATIENTS & METHODS: From November 2009 to December 2012, 11 mRCC patients undergoing dialysis were treated with everolimus after failure of anti-VEGF therapy at six Italian institutions. Patient characteristics, safety and outcomes were collected. RESULTS: Progression-free survival and overall survival were determined using the Kaplan-Meier method. Median progression-free survival and overall survival were 9.01 and 15.7 months, respectively. No unexpected adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: Everolimus appears to be safe in mRCC patients with renal impairment or end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis. Larger prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/terapia , Everolimo/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Neoplasias Renais/terapia , Idoso , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Carcinoma de Células Renais/mortalidade , Terapia Combinada , Everolimo/administração & dosagem , Everolimo/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Renais/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metástase Neoplásica , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/administração & dosagem , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/efeitos adversos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Diálise Renal/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento
9.
Cancer Treat Rev ; 128: 102766, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38763054

RESUMO

DNA-damage repair (DDR) pathways alterations, a growing area of interest in oncology, are detected in about 20% of patient with prostate cancer and are associated with improved sensitivity to poly(ADP ribose) polymerases (PARP) inhibitors. In May 2020, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved two PARP inhibitors (olaparib and rucaparib) for prostate cancer treatment. Moreover, germline aberrations in DDR pathways genes have also been related to familial or hereditary prostate cancer, requiring tailored health-care programs. These emerging scenarios are rapidly changing diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic approaches in prostate cancer management. The aim of this review is to highlight the five W-points of DDR pathways in prostate cancer: why targeting DDR pathways in prostate cancer; what we should test for genomic profiling in prostate cancer; "where" testing genetic assessment in prostate cancer (germline or somatic, solid or liquid biopsy); when genetic testing is appropriate in prostate cancer; who could get benefit from PARP inhibitors; how improve patients outcome with combinations strategies.


Assuntos
Dano ao DNA , Reparo do DNA , Inibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases , Neoplasias da Próstata , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Reparo do DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/farmacologia , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Terapia de Alvo Molecular/métodos
10.
Clin Genitourin Cancer ; 22(6): 102225, 2024 Sep 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39405768

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Pembrolizumab/Axitinib combination is approved as first-line therapy in mRCC. The aim of this study is to evaluate outcomes of PAXI combo in the real-world in Italy. METHODS: This is a prospective study including patients diagnosed with mRCC who received combination as first-line therapy in recruiting Italian Centers. Data about patient characteristics, safety and outcome were collected. RESULTS: 170 pts have been treated from December 2020 to September 2023. The majority had clear-cell histology (83%). Sarcomatoid feature was present in 33%of available cases. About one half of patients (55%) had synchronous metastasis. In 58% of cases nephrectomy was performed, of which 27% were cytoreductive and 4% were deferred nephrectomies. Lung metastases were identified in 106 patients (62%), bone and liver involvement in 66 and 29 patients (38.8% and 17.1%) respectively. Stratifying by IMDC criteria, 32 patients (18.8%) were at favorable-risk, 106 (62.4%) at intermediate-risk, and 32 (18.8%) at poor-risk. At time of analysis, treatment was ongoing in 49% of patients. Progression occurred in 45% of patients. Median PFS was 19.2 months (95% CI: 15-NR). With a median follow-up of 19.3 months (range 1.3-34.5), at 24-months and 36-months landmark analysis 62% (95% CI, 53-70) and 58% (95% CI, 47-69) of treated patients are still alive respectively. Disease control rate was achieved in 84.6% of patients: 4.3% reached a complete response, 52% had a partial response and 28.8% a stable disease. Primary progression was observed in 15.3% of patients. In the multivariate analysis, the prognostic significance of age ≥ 65 years, non-clear cell histology, IMDC score, and adverse events and gender interaction as predictors of worse OS were confirmed. CONCLUSION: This is the first available prospective study on first-line Pembrolizumab/Axitinib combination in real world scenario. Our findings support the effectiveness and safety of first-line this combination in mRCC and reveal that gender emerged as a prognostic factor in relation to the occurrence of adverse events.

11.
Eur J Cancer ; 202: 114006, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38489861

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The aim of this multi-center, retrospective/prospective cohort observational study was to evaluate outcomes in routine clinical practice of first-line chemo-immunotherapy with cis/carboplatin, pemetrexed and pembrolizumab in patients with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in 33 Italian centers. METHODS: The outcome measure was to evaluate overall survival (OS) in a real-world patient population. Secondary endpoints were: progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), duration of response (DoR) and incidence of treatment-related adverse events (AEs). RESULTS: 1068 patients were enrolled at the time of data cut-off (January 31st, 2023), and 812 (76.0%) belonged to the retrospective cohort. Median age was 66 years (27-85), ECOG PS was ≥ 2 in 91 (8.6%) patients; 254 (23.8%) patients had brain metastases at baseline; 38 (3.6%) patients had tumor with PD-L1 expression ≥ 50%. After a median follow-up of 17.0 months (95% CI, 16.1-17.9), median OS was 16.1 months (95% CI, 14.4-18.8) and PFS was 9.9 months (95% CI, 8.8-11.2). Median DoR (n = 493) was 14.7 months (95% CI, 13.6-17.1). ORR was 43.4% (95% CI, 40.4-46.4). Any-grade AEs occurred in 636 (59.6%) patients and grade ≥ 3 in 253 (23.7%) patients. Most common grade ≥ 3 AEs were neutropenia (6.3%) and anemia (6.3%). CONCLUSIONS: First-line chemo-immunotherapy was effective and tolerable in this large, real-world Italian study of patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC. Our results were in line with the KEYNOTE-189 registration study, also considering the low number of PD-L1 ≥ 50% patients included in our study.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Idoso , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Pemetrexede , Platina/uso terapêutico , Antígeno B7-H1 , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Itália , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos
12.
J Clin Oncol ; 41(15): 2800-2814, 2023 05 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36720089

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Although representing the majority of newly diagnosed cancers, patients with breast cancer appear less vulnerable to COVID-19 mortality compared with other malignancies. In the absence of patients on active cancer therapy included in vaccination trials, a contemporary real-world evaluation of outcomes during the various pandemic phases, as well as of the impact of vaccination, is needed to better inform clinical practice. METHODS: We compared COVID-19 morbidity and mortality among patients with breast cancer across prevaccination (February 27, 2020-November 30, 2020), Alpha-Delta (December 1, 2020-December 14, 2021), and Omicron (December 15, 2021-January 31, 2022) phases using OnCovid registry participants (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04393974). Twenty-eight-day case fatality rate (CFR28) and COVID-19 severity were compared in unvaccinated versus double-dosed/boosted patients (vaccinated) with inverse probability of treatment weighting models adjusted for country of origin, age, number of comorbidities, tumor stage, and receipt of systemic anticancer therapy within 1 month of COVID-19 diagnosis. RESULTS: By the data lock of February 4, 2022, the registry counted 613 eligible patients with breast cancer: 60.1% (n = 312) hormone receptor-positive, 25.2% (n = 131) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive, and 14.6% (n = 76) triple-negative. The majority (61%; n = 374) had localized/locally advanced disease. Median age was 62 years (interquartile range, 51-74 years). A total of 193 patients (31.5%) presented ≥ 2 comorbidities and 69% (n = 330) were never smokers. In total, 392 (63.9%), 164 (26.8%), and 57 (9.3%) were diagnosed during the prevaccination, Alpha-Delta, and Omicron phases, respectively. Analysis of CFR28 demonstrates comparable estimates of mortality across the three pandemic phases (13.9%, 12.2%, 5.3%, respectively; P = .182). Nevertheless, a significant improvement in outcome measures of COVID-19 severity across the three pandemic time periods was observed. Importantly, when reported separately, unvaccinated patients from the Alpha-Delta and Omicron phases achieved comparable outcomes to those from the prevaccination phase. Of 566 patients eligible for the vaccination analysis, 72 (12.7%) were fully vaccinated and 494 (87.3%) were unvaccinated. We confirmed with inverse probability of treatment weighting multivariable analysis and following a clustered robust correction for participating center that vaccinated patients achieved improved CFR28 (odds ratio [OR], 0.19; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.40), hospitalization (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.69), COVID-19 complications (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.45), and reduced requirement of COVID-19-specific therapy (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.63) and oxygen therapy (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.67) compared with unvaccinated controls. CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight a consistent reduction of COVID-19 severity in patients with breast cancer during the Omicron outbreak in Europe. We also demonstrate that even in this population, a complete severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination course is a strong determinant of improved morbidity and mortality from COVID-19.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , COVID-19 , Vacinas , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Teste para COVID-19 , Pandemias
13.
Cancers (Basel) ; 14(17)2022 Aug 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36077726

RESUMO

Prostate cancer is the second most common diagnosed cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men worldwide. Despite significant advances in the management of castration-sensitive prostate cancer, the majority of patients develop a castration-resistant disease after a median duration of treatment of 18-48 months. The transition to a castrate resistance state could rely on alternative survival pathways, some related to androgen-independent mechanisms. Although several agents have been approved in this setting, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains a lethal disease. Recent studies revealed some of the complex pathways underlying inherited and acquired mechanisms of resistance to available treatments. A better understanding of these pathways may lead to significant improvements in survival by providing innovative therapeutic targets. The present comprehensive review attempts to provide an overview of recent progress in novel targeted therapies and near-future directions.

14.
J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle ; 13(5): 2405-2416, 2022 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35903892

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cabozantinib, a standard of care metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), may be associated with weight and muscle loss. These effects of new generation VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor on muscle mass loss are poorly described. METHODS: All cabozantinib-treated mRCC patients from January 2014 to February 2019 in our institution were included. Clinical data including weight were collected during therapy. Computed tomography images were centrally reviewed for response assessment, and axial sections at the third lumbar vertebrae were used to measure the total muscle area. Toxicities and cabozantinib outcomes were evaluated. Co-primary endpoints included skeletal muscle loss and weight loss (WL), longitudinally evaluated during treatment. WL has been classified according to CTCAEv5.0: Grade 1 (loss of 5 to <10% of baseline body weight), Grade 2 (loss of 10% to <20% of baseline body weight), and Grades 3-4 (loss >20% of baseline body weight). RESULTS: Patients were mostly men (70.3%), median age was 59.2 (range: 22.0-78.0) years, and median baseline body mass index was 25.0 (range: 16.4-49.3) kg/cm2 . Prognosis according to International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium score was good, intermediate, and poor for 13 (13.0%), 63 (63.0%), and 24 (24.0%) patients, respectively. Out of a total of 120 patients, 101 patients with a median follow-up of 22.3 months (range: 4.5-62.2) were eligible for analysis; 85 experienced muscle loss and muscle loss >10% increased during cabozantinib exposition, especially after 6 months of treatment. At cabozantinib baseline, 71 patients (70.3%) had sarcopenia, and 16/30 (53.3%) non-sarcopenic patients developed sarcopenia during treatment. Baseline sarcopenia was associated with lower response rates (P = 0.031) and higher grades 3-4 toxicities (P = 0.001). Out of 92 patients included in the WL analysis, 44 (47.8%) and 12 (13.0%) experienced grades 2 and 3 WL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We report a high incidence of grades 3-4 WL, fourth times higher than reported in prior pivotal trials, and half of the patients developed sarcopenia while on cabozantinib treatment. Weight and muscle mass loss with cabozantinib are underreported and may require further investigations and early management.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais , Neoplasias Renais , Sarcopenia , Anilidas , Peso Corporal , Carcinoma de Células Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/secundário , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Músculo Esquelético/diagnóstico por imagem , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/efeitos adversos , Piridinas , Sarcopenia/patologia
15.
Cancers (Basel) ; 14(6)2022 Mar 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35326693

RESUMO

The recurrent genetic anomalies used to classify prostate cancer (PC) into distinct molecular subtypes have limited relevance for clinical practice. In consideration of WHO 2016 histological classification, which includes the introduction of Gleason Score 4 for patients with cribriform component and the definition of intraductal carcinoma as a new entity, a retrospective pilot study was conducted to investigate, by histological review, if there were any variations of Gleason Score and the incidence of intraductal carcinoma and cribriform pattern, intended as "phenotypic" markers of potentially lethal PC, among metastatic castration-sensitive PC (mCSPC) and metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC) samples. Potentially predictive factors were also assessed. Among 125 cases, a variation in the Gleason Score was reported in 26% of cases. A cribriform (36%) or intraductal (2%) pattern was reported in a higher percentage. Of them, a primary Gleason pattern 4 was reported in 80% of cases. All patients with intraductal carcinoma present a BRCA2 mutation, also found in 80% of cases with a cribriform pattern. This pilot study documented some hypothesis-generating data, as the evaluation of de novo mCSPC and mCRPC as phenotypic/biologic model to be translated in clinical practice. A cribriform pattern/intraductal carcinoma might be a marker of potentially lethal PC. The high incidence of TP53 and BRCA2 mutations in de novo mCSPC may also have a therapeutic implication.

16.
Clin Genitourin Cancer ; 20(1): 80-87, 2022 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34688544

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cabozantinib, a potent multityrosine kinases inhibitor (TKI), has demonstrated overall survival (OS) benefit over everolimus in patients previously treated with VEGFR TKI for metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (mRCC). The efficacy of systemic treatments after cabozantinib failure has not been investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study on patients receiving systemic treatment after cabozantinib failure in heavily pretreated patient with mRCC. We assessed Time to Treatment Failure (TTF), OS and objective response rate (ORR). RESULTS: Among 150 patients treated with cabozantinib in our institution, 56 (37.3%) received subsequent systemic therapy and were eligible for the analysis. IMDC prognostic group was good, intermediate and poor in 11 (19.6%), 24 (42.9%) and 11 (19.6%) patients, respectively. Cabozantinib was administered mainly as a second (41.1%), or third (33.9%) line treatment. axitinib or immune-checkpoint inhibitors were the subsequent treatment in 18 (34.8%) patients for each everolimus (n:16, 28.6%), other angiogenesis inhibitors (n:4, 7.1%) TTF and OS from subsequent systemic therapy after cabozantinib failure were 2.8 months (95%CI 1.9-3.7) and 7.7 months (95%CI 4.4-10.8), respectively. ORR was 8.7% and 2 patients with axitinib and 2 patients treated with Immune checkpoint inhibitors achieved a partial response. CONCLUSION: Overall, activity of systemic therapies after cabozantinib was limited.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Carcinoma de Células Renais , Neoplasias Renais , Anilidas , Axitinibe/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Everolimo/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Masculino , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases , Piridinas , Estudos Retrospectivos
17.
J Hematol Oncol ; 15(1): 9, 2022 01 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35062993

RESUMO

Family history of cancer (FHC) is a hallmark of cancer risk and an independent predictor of outcome, albeit with uncertain biologic foundations. We previously showed that FHC-high patients experienced prolonged overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) following PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors. To validate our findings in patients with NSCLC, we evaluated two multicenter cohorts of patients with metastatic NSCLC receiving either first-line pembrolizumab or chemotherapy. From each cohort, 607 patients were randomly case-control matched accounting for FHC, age, performance status, and disease burden. Compared to FHC-low/negative, FHC-high patients experienced longer OS (HR 0.67 [95% CI 0.46-0.95], p = 0.0281), PFS (HR 0.65 [95% CI 0.48-0.89]; p = 0.0074) and higher disease control rates (DCR, 86.4% vs 67.5%, p = 0.0096), within the pembrolizumab cohort. No significant associations were found between FHC and OS/PFS/DCR within the chemotherapy cohort. We explored the association between FHC and somatic DNA damage response (DDR) gene alterations as underlying mechanism to our findings in a parallel cohort of 118 NSCLC, 16.9% of whom were FHC-high. The prevalence of ≥ 1 somatic DDR gene mutation was 20% and 24.5% (p = 0.6684) in FHC-high vs. FHC-low/negative, with no differences in tumor mutational burden (6.0 vs. 7.6 Mut/Mb, p = 0.6018) and tumor cell PD-L1 expression. FHC-high status identifies NSCLC patients with improved outcomes from pembrolizumab but not chemotherapy, independent of somatic DDR gene status. Prospective studies evaluating FHC alongside germline genetic testing are warranted.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/terapia , Imunoterapia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Dano ao DNA , Feminino , Humanos , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Masculino , Resultado do Tratamento
18.
Cancer Treat Rev ; 94: 102157, 2021 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33607461

RESUMO

A major breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy was the development of monoclonal antibodies targeting inhibitory immune checkpoint proteins. This approach demonstrated significant antitumor activity and efficacy in different cancer types, including metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). In the majority of patients, this drug is able to restore the patient's tumour-specific T-cell-mediated response thus improving both overall survival and objective response rate. However, a lack of clinical response occurs in a number of patients, raising questions about how to predict and increase the number of patients who receive long-term clinical benefit from immune checkpoint therapy or not. The aim of this review is to summarize available data about immune biomarkers in patients with mRCC treated with immunotherapy.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Carcinoma de Células Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Antígeno B7-H1/biossíntese , Antígeno B7-H1/imunologia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/genética , Carcinoma de Células Renais/imunologia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Ensaios Clínicos Fase III como Assunto , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/genética , Neoplasias Renais/imunologia , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Transcriptoma , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto
19.
Clin Genitourin Cancer ; 19(1): 32-40, 2021 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32694008

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) criteria have been largely adopted in clinical practice. In a recent retrospective study, we assessed that the addition of the first site of metastatic disease to brain, bone, and liver improves prognostic stratification of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Here, we performed an external validation in patients with mRCC. Our aim was to evaluate if the addition of a new independent variable could improve IMDC prognosis prediction and reduce heterogeneity within risk categories. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We selected all 1073 patients treated at a single institution for mRCC and included in the Institute Gustave Roussy Renal Cell Carcinoma database. All patients included received at least 1 line of targeted therapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors. Univariate and multivariate analyses (Cox regression model) were performed. Bootstrap validation of the final model was also carried out for internal validation. The IMDC modified classification was defined by the addition of the seventh variable, and we defined the modified IMDC good-risk criteria as 0 risks, intermediate-risk as 1 to 2 risks, and poor-risk as 3 or more risks. RESULTS: The presence of brain, bone, and/or liver as the first site of metastatic disease plus the other variables included in the IMDC score were statistically significant variables associated with overall survival (OS) after univariate and multivariate analysis and bootstrap validation. Finally, 122 (15%) patients had a modification of their initial risk category. The median OS in the poor-, intermediate-, and favorable-risk groups was 10, 26, and 52 months, respectively (P < .001). The bias-corrected concordance index in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (n = 241) was 0.71. CONCLUSION: The addition of brain, bone, and/or liver metastases as an additional variable to the other IMDC variables improves the prognostic predictive power of the model.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais , Neoplasias Renais , Encéfalo , Carcinoma de Células Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Fígado , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Retrospectivos
20.
Cancer Biol Med ; 2021 Mar 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33710808

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: As prostate cancer (PrC) shows a BRCA mutation rate as high as 30%, it becomes crucial to find the optimal selection criteria for genetic testing. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the BRCA mutation rate in families with PrC associated with breast and/or ovarian cancers; secondary aims were to compare the characteristics of families and BRCA-related PrC outcome among BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers. METHODS: Following the Modena criteria for the BRCA test, we evaluated the mutation rate in families with breast and/or ovarian cancer with a Gleason score ≥7 PrCs, by testing breast or ovarian cases and inferring the mutation in the prostate cases. The characteristics of families and BRCA-related PrC outcomes were measured using the chi-square (χ2) test and Kaplan-Meier methods, respectively. RESULTS: Among 6,591 families, 580 (8.8%) with a Gleason score ≥ 7 PrCs were identified, of which 332 (57.2%) met the Modena selection criteria for BRCA testing. Overall, 215 breast or ovarian cancer probands (64.8%) were tested, of which 41 resulted positive for BRCA and one for CHEK2 genes (19.5%). No statistically significant differences were found in BRCA-related PrC prognosis and in the characteristics of families among BRCA1, BRCA2 and non-tested patients. Ten of 23 (44%) mutations in the BRCA2 gene fell in the prostate cancer cluster region (PCCR) at the 3´ terminal of the 7914 codon. CONCLUSIONS: It appears the Modena criteria are very useful for BRCA testing selection in families with breast and/or ovarian cancer and PrC. A trend toward a worse prognosis has been found in BRCA2 carriers.

SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA