[Seroprevalence of varicella-zoster virus antibodies after the recent introduction of the universal childhood immunisation schedule in the Community of Madrid]. / Seroprevalencia de anticuerpos frente al virus de la varicela zóster tras la introducción reciente de la vacunación infantil universal en la Comunidad de Madrid.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In November 2006, the Community of Madrid included the chickenpox vaccine into the immunisation schedule for children from 15 months of age. This was withdrawn in January 2014. Seroprevalence of antibodies to the virus is estimated after the first 2-3 years from the inclusion of the vaccine, and as well as its evolution since 1999. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the target population consisting of residents in the Community of Madrid between 2 and 60 years of age. Measurement of IgG antibodies was performed using an ELISA technique. Seroprevalence was estimated according to sociodemographic characteristics using multiple logistic regressions. The results are compared with previous surveys. Also, the seroprevalence and geometric mean of the antibody according immunisation status and history of the disease are presented. The confidence level used is 95%. RESULTS: A total of 4,378 subjects were included, with a response rate of 69%. The estimated seroprevalence was 95.3% (95% CI: 94.6% - 95.9%). Over 90% of children from the age of 10 have antibodies. The seroprevalence was higher in people with less education. The seroprevalence of immunity vaccine exceeds 90% in the first year after vaccination, but in the second year decreased to 82.6% (95% CI 56.0 - 94.7). Significant differences, attributable to universal vaccination, were found compared to previous surveys. DISCUSSION: Continued surveillance is needed in order to assess the impact of the withdrawal of the recommendation to vaccinate at 15 months.

[Incidence of pneumococcal disease in the autonomous Region of Madrid (1998--2006)]. / Incidencia de enfermedad neumocócica en la Comunidad de Madrid en el período 1998--2006.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The availability of antipneumococcal vaccines makes it necessary to go deeply into the knowledge of pneumococcal disease. This study aims at describing the magnitude and incidence of pneumococcal disease in the Region of Madrid from 1998 to 2006. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective study of Computerized Hospital Discharge Data registered from 1998 to 2006. Incidence per 100,000 inhabitants and lethality were calculated. Temporal evolution was analyzed. RESULTS: 20,813 cases of pneumococcal disease were registered (annual average incidence 41.87/100,000 inhabitants). Incidence was 40.65 for pneumoniae and 0.77 for meningitis. People over 64 years old (185.04) and under 1 year of age (67.22) showed the highest incidence. Lethality was 10.1% (15.8% for meningitis). Incidence in 2004--2006 was lower than 1998--2000 (before the introduction of conjugate vaccine). Incidence trend has declined slightly. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence is higher than that shown by other studies. Selected source of data can explain this difference, since our data included suspected cases. However, pneumococcal meningitis incidence is similar to that described by others.