Disease spectrum of torticollis in children and diagnostic flowchart: A retrospective, single-centre study.

AIM: To describe the disease spectrum of torticollis in Chinese children and to improve its diagnostic flowchart. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted at the Rehabilitation Department of Beijing Children's Hospital from 2017 to 2021. Patients were diagnosed and referred based on a diagnostic flowchart of torticollis. Detailed patient data were collected from the outpatient electronic medical record system. RESULTS: A total of 2047 patients met the inclusion criteria. The top five conditions were congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) (76.6%), cerebral palsy (5.1%), ocular torticollis (4.7%), brachial plexus injury (1.9%) and atlantoaxial rotary subluxation (1.3%). CMT was most common in 0-2 year olds, cerebral palsy in 3-5 year olds, and atlantoaxial rotary subluxation in 7-12 year olds. The top five referral departments were orthopaedics, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, head and neck surgery, neurology and neurosurgery. CONCLUSIONS: The disease spectrum of torticollis in children and the diagnostic flowchart provide important references for diagnosing torticollis, which necessitates multidisciplinary collaboration.

How do high-performance work systems affect work fatigue: The mediating effect of job responsibility and role overload.

Work fatigue refers to physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion, resulting in the inability to work. Hitherto research indicate a close relationship between high-performance work systems and work fatigue, and there may be a double-edged sword effect of high-performance work systems on work fatigue. However, a comprehensive theoretical framework has not been developed to understand the relationship between them. Based on the challenge-hindrance stress model, this study employs role overload and job responsibility as mediating variables in a conceptual framework to understand the impact of high-performance work systems on work fatigue. Using the partial least square structural equation model and a sample of 360 employees in China, the mediating effects of role overload and job responsibility were confirmed. Further, the internal mechanisms of how high-performance work systems affect work fatigue are discussed, its adverse effects are confirmed, and its practical implications are proposed.