[Odontogenic cervical-facial cellulitis: report of 87 cases]. / Cellulites cervico-faciales odontogènes: à propos de 87 cas.

Cervical-facial cellulitis are infections of the cellular fatty spaces of the face and neck with a tendency towards locoregional extension, septic and thromboembolic complications that can affect the patient's vital and/or functional prognosis. The management is multidisciplinary including a medical component, surgical drainage associated with the treatment of the causal tooth. This is a retrospective study including 87 cases of odontogenic head and neck cellulitis hospitalized in the ENT and head and neck surgery department at Fattouma Bourguiba Monastir hospital over a period of 4 years between January 2017 and December 2020. The study included 48 women and 39 men. The most affected age group was young adults (54 %). The main contributing factors were poor oral hygiene (76 %), tobacco (41 %) and alcohol (19 %). Anti-inflammatory medicines intake was found in 31 % of cases. The average consultation time was 5 days. The main reason for consultation was painful head and neck swelling associated with trismus (70 %) and fever (52 %). The cervical-facial scan was performed in 93 % of patients. It revealed suppurative cellulitis (64 %), extension to upper aerodigestive ways (20 %), compression of upper aero-digestive tract (11,5 %), Lemierre syndrome (4,6 %) and gangrenous cellulitis with mediastinal extension (1,1 %). All patients received large spectrum antibiotic, associated in 25 % of cases with surgical drainage. Treatment of the dental cause was performed in all patients. The evolution was favourable in 98,9 % of cases. There is only one death due to a septic shock (1,1 %), which is consistent with most of the results reported in the literature. Head and neck cellulitis can affect the functional and vital prognosis of the patient in the absence of rapid and adequate management. The treatment remains primarily preventive.

Les cellulites cervico-faciales sont des infections des espaces cellulo-graisseux de la face et du cou. Leur gravité est corrélée à leur extension locorégionale. Les complications septiques et thromboemboliques peuvent mettre en jeu le pronostic vital et/ou fonctionnel du patient. La prise en charge est multidisciplinaire, se basant sur un trépied thérapeutique comportant un volet médical (antibiothérapie), un drainage chirurgical et un traitement de la dent causale. Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective ayant colligé 87 cas de cellulites cervico-faciales odontogènes hospitalisés au service d'ORL et de Chirurgie cervico-faciale au CHU Fattouma Bourguiba Monastir sur une période de 4 ans entre janvier 2017 et décembre 2020. L'étude comportait 48 femmes et 39 hommes. La tranche d'âge la plus touchée était l'adulte jeune (54 %). Les principaux facteurs favorisants étaient la mauvaise hygiène bucco-dentaire (76 %), le tabac (41 %) et l'alcool (19 %). La notion de prise d'anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens était retrouvée dans 31 % des cas. Le délai moyen de consultation était de 5 jours. Le principal motif de consultation était une tuméfaction cervico-faciale douloureuse associée à un trismus (70 %) et une fièvre (52 %). Le scanner cervico-facial a été réalisé chez 93 % des patients. Il a objectivé une cellulite suppurée (64 %), une extension aux espaces profonds (20 %), une compression des voies aéro-digestives supérieures (11,5 %), un syndrome de Lemierre (4,6 %) et une cellulite gangréneuse avec extension médiastinale (1,1 %). Tous les malades ont bénéficié d'une antibiothérapie à large spectre. Seuls 25 % ont eu un drainage chirurgical associé. Le traitement de la porte d'entrée a été réalisé chez tous les patients. L'évolution a été favorable dans 98,9 % des cas. On recense un seul décès dû à un choc septique (1,1 %), ce qui est concordant avec la majorité des résultats rapportés dans la littérature. Les cellulites cervico-faciales peuvent mettre en jeu le pronostic fonctionnel et vital du patient en l'absence de prise en charge rapide et adéquate. Le traitement reste avant tout préventif.

[Salivary ductal carcinoma of the parotid: A rare and agressive entity]. / Le carcinome canalaire de la parotide : une entité rare et agressive.

We report a rare case of salivary duct carcinoma and we study its clinical and evolutionary features. A 64-year-old patient was referred for right peripheral facial paralysis. MRI showed suspected formation of the right parotid gland. Treatment included total parotidectomy and ipsilateral neck lymph node dissection. The histology concluded to a ductal carcinoma of the parotid with lymph node metastasis. Radiation therapy has been indicated. Salivary duct carcinoma of the parotid gland is a highly aggressive and uncommon tumor. Treatment of localized forms is based on surgery and radiotherapy.

[Mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis: role of surgery]. / Adénopathies cervicales tuberculeuses: place de la chirurgie.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the place of surgery in the management of mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: It's a retrospective study (1982-2002) about 246 patients treated in the ENT department of Farhat Hached Sousse for cervical lymph node tuberculosis. Resolution was considered when neither symptoms nor lymphadenopathy in examination were noted. RESULTS: The mean age of our patients was 28 years. A light female prevalence was noted. In 5 patients diagnosis was established by lymph node punction. A medical treatment of first intention was then managed with a failure in 3 cases, after deadlines from 3 to 4 months. All other patients were operated: cellulolymphadenectomy (47%), adenectomy (47%) or drainage of a cervical abscess (4%). Recurrence and antituberculosis treatment resistance were noted respectively in 6% and 3% of cases. DISCUSSION: Two questions are still discussed in the management of mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis: 1- Is surgery necessary for the diagnosis? 2- When is surgery indicated directly? Histological specimen established the diagnosis in all cases and excluded a mestastatic lymph node. In some situations surgery must be indicated at first: cold abscess, lymph node fistulation. CONCLUSION: Surgery still has an important place in the treatment of tuberculosis lymphadenopathy.

Endoscopic endonasal management of congenital intranasal meningocele in a 2-month-old infant.

INTRODUCTION: Nasal meningocele, which is usually congenital, is a rare anomaly resulting from meningeal herniation into the nasal cavities through a bone defect in the skull base. CASE REPORT: An 8-day-old boy was referred with respiratory disturbance and nasal obstruction. Examination showed a cyst-like grayish swelling filling the right nasal cavity. CT scan showed opacity, of fluid-like density, filling the right nasal fossa, in contact with a small bony defect in the right cribriform plate. MRI ruled out herniated brain parenchyma and enabled diagnosis of meningocele. The patient was operated on at the age of 2 months through a transnasal endoscopic approach. Immediate postoperative course was favorable. MRI control at 8 months was normal. DISCUSSION: Modern imaging (CT scan and MRI) is of paramount importance in the preoperative evaluation of nasal meningocele. Endoscopic endonasal (EE) surgery is currently the treatment of choice. CONCLUSION: Steady progress in instrumentation, technique and skills will increase the feasibility of skull-base surgery using an endonasal approach in the pediatric population.

Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis: five cases.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Mucormycosis is an invasive fungal infection usually observed in immunocompromised patients. Mucormycosis is rapidly fatal without an early diagnosis and treatment. We report five patients of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis and a literature review. DESIGN: The medical records of five patients presenting with rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis, admitted between January 1995 and December 2007, were analyzed. All patients underwent tissue biopsy. The histologic sections revealed the presence of non-septate hyphae of the order Mucorales. RESULTS: The five patients, three men and two women, between 27 and 61 years of age, were all diabetic. The main symptoms were exophthalmia (five patients), facial swelling (four patients), periorbital cellulitis (four patients), and cranial nerve palsy (four patients). Anterior rhinoscopy revealed palatine or nasal necrotic lesions in four patients. All presented with diabetic ketoacidosis and CT scan revealed rhino-orbital-cerebral involvement in every patient. All patients were given intravenous amphotericin B. Four patients underwent surgical debridement of necrotic tissue. Two patients survived. CONCLUSIONS: Mucormycosis is usually a fatal infection in diabetic patients. Early diagnosis should be based on imaging data and histology. Amphotericin B must be rapidly initiated and associated with aggressive surgical debridement to reduce mortality.