RESUMO
Heavy-chain antibodies (HCAbs) are a unique type of antibodies devoid of light chains, and comprised of two heavy chains-only that recognize their cognate antigen by virtue of a single variable domain also referred to as VHH, single domain antibody (sdAb), or nanobody (Nb). These functional HCAbs, serendipitous discovered about three decades ago, are exclusively found in camelids, comprising dromedaries, camels, llamas, and vicugnas. Nanobodies have become an essential tool in biomedical research and medicine, both in diagnostics and therapeutics due to their beneficial properties: small size, high stability, strong antigen-binding affinity, low immunogenicity, low production cost, and straightforward engineering into more potent affinity reagents. The occurrence of HCAbs in camelids remains intriguing. It is believed to be an evolutionary adaptation, equipping camelids with a robust adaptive immune defense suitable to respond to the pressure from a pathogenic invasion necessitating a more profound antigen recognition and neutralization. This evolutionary innovation led to a simplified HCAb structure, possibly supported by genetic mutations and drift, allowing adaptive mutation and diversification in the heavy chain variable gene and constant gene regions. Beyond understanding their origins, the application of nanobodies has significantly advanced over the past 30 years. Alongside expanding laboratory research, there has been a rapid increase in patent application for nanobodies. The introduction of commercial nanobody drugs such as Cablivi, Nanozora, Envafolimab, and Carvykti has boosted confidence among in their potential. This review explores the evolutionary history of HCAbs, their ontogeny, and applications in biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, focusing on approved and ongoing medical research pipelines.
RESUMO
Dynamic biomaterials excel at recapitulating the reversible interlocking and remoldable structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly in manipulating cell behaviors and adapting to tissue morphogenesis. While strategies based on dynamic chemistries have been extensively studied for ECM-mimicking dynamic biomaterials, biocompatible molecular means with biogenicity are still rare. Here, we report a nature-derived strategy for fabrication of dynamic biointerface as well as a three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel structure based on reversible receptor-ligand interaction between the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin and dipeptide d-Ala-d-Ala. We demonstrate the reversible regulation of multiple cell types with the dynamic biointerface and successfully implement the dynamic hydrogel as a functional antibacterial 3D scaffold to treat tissue repair. In view of the biogenicity and high applicability, this nature-derived reversible molecular strategy will bring opportunities for malleable biomaterial design with great potential in biomedicine.
Assuntos
Matriz Extracelular/química , Matriz Extracelular/fisiologia , Engenharia de Proteínas/métodos , Alanina/química , Alanina/metabolismo , Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Biomimética/métodos , Dipeptídeos/metabolismo , Humanos , Hidrogéis/química , Ligantes , Vancomicina/química , Vancomicina/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Immune cells may have a significant role in the pathophysiology of asthma, according to increasing evidence, although it is yet unclear how immune cells cause asthma. Therefore, we aimed to use Mendelian randomization (MR) methods to investigate this causal relationship. METHODS: This study explored the causal effects between immune cells and asthma using a two-sample MR technique. Using publicly available genetic data, the causal connection between asthma risk and 731 immune cell phenotypes was investigated. Sensitivity analysis guaranteed the results' stability. To further evaluate the existence of reverse causality, we employed reverse MR analysis. RESULTS: According to the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, five immune cell phenotypes were found to be statistically significantly associated with asthma risk (p < 0.001). Among them, TCRgd %T cell (OR = 0.968, 95%CI = 0.951 - 0.986), TCRgd %lymphocyte (OR = 0.978, 95%CI = 0.965 - 0.991), HLA DR + NK AC (OR = 0.966, 95% CI = 0.947 - 0.986) and CD3 on CD4 Treg (OR = 0.956, 95%CI= 0.931 - 0.981), four phenotypes that resulted in a decreased risk of asthma. CD25 on transitional (OR = 1.033, 95%CI = 1.014 - 1.052) resulted in an increased risk of asthma. Reverse MR analysis revealed that asthma increases HLA DR + NK AC levels (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of MR analysis showed a causal relationship between immune cell phenotype and asthma risk, which provides a direction for future asthma treatment.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To establish and validate a set of best nursing practice indicators for medical groups in Chinese general hospitals based on value-based healthcare (VBHC) theory. DESIGN: A modified Delphi method. METHODS: This study engaged experienced clinical nurses from public hospitals and multidisciplinary experts in operations management. Through a literature review and structured brainstorming, a comprehensive framework for assessing best nursing practices in Chinese general hospital medical groups was developed. A modified Delphi method was then employed to establish an indicator framework, followed by the Combined Empowerment-MABAC method to weight and validate the indicators using empirical data collected between June 2023 and October 2023. The CREDES checklist guided the reporting of this study. RESULTS: Sixteen experts, each with at least 10 years of experience in nurse management from nine healthcare organizations, participated in two rounds of consultation. The experts' responses and suggestions for rewording, deleting and adding items were incorporated into each round. Of the 34 proposed indicators, 25 were approved, covering healthcare service capacity, efficiency, quality and safety, patient experience and cost. CONCLUSION: The Delphi survey reached a consensus on necessary actions to improve nursing performance. The developed indicator system provides a foundational framework for standardizing the monitoring of care quality and performance assessment in Chinese clinical healthcare groups, with broad applicability. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This study provides a reliable basis for developing a nursing performance assessment database, offering crucial insights for measuring quality of care and improving patient value. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No Patient or Public Contribution.
RESUMO
As the mainstay of healthcare, the job satisfaction of medical staff deserves attention. This study aimed to explore the correlation between the perception of the high-performance work system (P-HPWS) and job satisfaction of medical staff in public hospitals and to further investigate the mediating effect of self-efficacy. From November 2019 to January 2020, a cross-sectional survey on working doctors and nurses was conducted in five tertiary public hospitals in China. A total of 520 participants were surveyed. The P-HPWS, job satisfaction, and self-efficacy were assessed using the 25-item self-administered scale, six-item job satisfaction questionnaire, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale, respectively. Linear regression and mediation effects models were used to identify the associations between primary variables. The results showed a significant positive correlation between P-HPWS and job satisfaction (P < 0.01), while self-efficacy played a mediating role between P-HPWS and job satisfaction. This finding reveals the benefits of improving employees' P-HPWS and self-efficacy on their job satisfaction, and that hospitals can improve their management systems by implementing and refining HPWS.
Assuntos
Atenção à Saúde , Autoeficácia , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Corpo Clínico , Hospitais Públicos , Satisfação no EmpregoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Depression is a major health condition among the aging population. Previous studies indicated that edentulism was a risk factor for depression. The link between edentulism and depression has not been fully clarified. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to estimate whether chewing difficulties play a mediating role in the association between edentulism and depression among middle-aged and older populations with national cross-sectional data. METHODS: Data were obtained from the latest fourth wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The outcome variable was set as depression, which was measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10). Independent and mediated variables were separately set as self-assessed edentulism and chewing difficulties. The nearest neighbour propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to construct a matching group to balance the basic characteristics of individuals with and without edentulism with minimised bias in the estimation. Causal mediation analysis was performed to estimate the degree of contribution of chewing difficulties to the association between edentulism and depression. Several sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of the primary result. RESULTS: A total of 15 853 individuals remained for analysis. After PSM, 809 individuals with edentulism and 2628 without edentulism remained for analysis. Among the matched individuals, the mean age was 66.3 ± 9.2 years, 58.5% were female, 78.8% lived in rural areas, 23.5% had edentulism, 51.1% had depressive symptoms, and 50.1% had chewing difficulties. Logistic regression results showed that a higher incidence of edentulism was associated with a higher rate of depression (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.19-1.63) in the matching group. Causal mediation analysis results indicated that the average mediation effect of chewing difficulties on the association between edentulism and depression was 0.010 (95% CI: 0.005-0.015), and the average direct effect was 0.072 (95% CI: 0.036-0.11). The mediation proportion of chewing difficulties was 11.7% (95% CI: 0.079-0.21). CONCLUSION: A higher prevalence of edentulism was associated with a higher rate of depression among middle-aged and elderly populations. Chewing difficulties moderately mediated the association between edentulism and depression. Fundamental oral function should not be neglected to improve mental health among the aging population.
Assuntos
Depressão , Mastigação , Idoso , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Masculino , Depressão/complicações , Estudos Longitudinais , Estudos Transversais , Envelhecimento , China/epidemiologiaRESUMO
In order to study the synergistic effects of exogenous catalysts and in situ minerals in the reservoir during heavy oil aquathermolysis, in this paper, a series of simple supported transition metal complexes were prepared using sodium citrate, chloride salts and bentonite, and their catalytic viscosity reduction performances for heavy oil were investigated. Bentonite complex catalyst marked as B@Zn(II)L appears to be the most effective complex. B@Zn(II)L was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. Under optimized conditions, the viscosity of the heavy oil was decreased by 88.3%. The reaction temperature was reduced by about 70 °C compared with the traditional reaction. The results of the group composition analysis and the elemental content of the heavy oil indicate that the resin and asphaltene content decreases, and the saturated and aromatic HC content increases. The results of TGA and DSC of the heavy oil show that the macromolecular substances in the heavy oil were cracked into small molecules with low boiling points by the reaction. GC-MS examination of water-soluble polar compounds post-reaction indicates that B@Zn(II)L can diminish the quantity of polar substances in heavy oil and lower the aromatic nature of these compounds. Thiophene and quinoline were utilized as model compounds to investigate the reaction mechanism. GC-MS analysis revealed that C-C, C-N and C-S bonds were cleaved during the reaction, leading to a decrease in the viscosity of heavy oil.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of non-pharmacologic interventions and the additional benefits of their combination in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Clinical Trials Register from the date of database inception to April 22, 2023. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials involving non-pharmacologic interventions conducted in patients with HFrEF were included. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were extracted by 2 independent reviewers based on a pre-tested data extraction form. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method. DATA SYNTHESIS: A total of 82 eligible studies (4574 participants) were included. We performed a random-effects model within a Bayesian framework to calculate weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% credibility intervals. High or moderate certainty evidence indicated that high-intensity aerobic interval training (HIAIT) was best on improving 6-minute walk distance (6MWD; 68.55 m [36.41, 100.47]) and left ventricular ejection fraction (6.28% [3.88, 8.77]), while high-intensity aerobic continuous training (HIACT) is best on improving peak oxygen consumption (Peak VO2; 3.48 mL/kgâ¢min [2.84, 4.12]), quality of life (QOL; -17.26 [-29.99, -7.80]), resting heart rate (-8.20 bpm [-13.32, -3.05]), and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (-600.96 pg/mL [-902.93, -404.52]). Moderate certainty evidence supported the effectiveness of inspiratory muscle training to improve peak oxygen consumption and functional electrical stimulation to improve QOL. Moderate-intensity aerobic continuous training (MIACT) plus moderate-intensity resistance training (MIRT) had additional benefits in Peak VO2, 6MWD, and QOL. This review did not provide a comprehensive evaluation of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Both HIAIT and HIACT are the most effective single non-pharmacologic interventions for HFrEF. MIACT plus MIRT had additional benefits in improving peak oxygen consumption, 6MWD, and QOL.
RESUMO
The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between the perception of high performance work system (P-HPWS) and job burnout of nurses, further to detect the mediating effect of regulatory emotional self-efficacy (RES). From November 2019 to January 2020, a cross-sectional survey on working nurses was conducted in 5 hospitals in Lanzhou, China. A total of 1266 nurses were investigated. Demographics and perception of high performance work systems, job burnout, and RES were collected. The data were statistically processed using correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and a test of mediated moderation. The P-HPWS was significantly negatively correlated with job burnout (P < 0.01). The RES played a mediating effect between the perception of HPWS and job burnout. The results support the important role of P-HPWS in the remission of job burnout, and the hospital can improve its management by implementing and perfecting the HPWS.Abbreviations: P-HPWS: Perceived high-performance work system; RES: Regulatory emotional self-efficacy; POS: Perceived self-efficacy in expressing positive emotions; ANG: Perceived self-efficacy in managing anger/irritation; DES: Perceived self-efficacy in managing despondency/distress.
Assuntos
Esgotamento Profissional , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Autoeficácia , Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Esgotamento Profissional/psicologia , Emoções , Inquéritos e Questionários , Satisfação no EmpregoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The number of older adults with physical multi-morbidity is increasing. As Internet-based eHealth and mHealth increasingly require patients to use technology, it is important to examine the use of Internet/health information technology (HIT) among older adults with physical multi-morbidity. Here we examine the distribution of physical multi-morbidity, Internet use, and HIT use, and further explored the factors associated with Internet use and HIT use among older adults with physical multi-morbidity. METHODS: One wave of data from the 2018 US National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) was analysed. We included respondents aged 65 years and older. We used 13 physical non-communicable diseases to measure physical multi-morbidity. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models, with sociodemographic factors, health status, health insurance, health care service use, and satisfaction with health care as covariates, were used to examine the research questions. RESULTS: Of 72,746 respondents in NHIS, 7060 were eligible for our analysis. 5380 (76.2%) eligible respondents had physical multi-morbidity in this study. Overall, 60% of older adults reported using the Internet, with 38.9% using eHealth services (defined as looking up health information online, filling a prescription, scheduling an appointment with a health care provider, or communicating with a health care provider via email). Gender, age, marital status, region, race, education, and family income were significant factors associated with the Internet and HIT use among people with multi-morbidity. The study also showed that after adjusting for confounders, good health status, having Medicare, receiving home care from a health professional, and low satisfaction with health care were positive predictors of the Internet and HIT use. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, our study found that Internet and HIT use among older patients with chronic diseases is far from the Healthy People 2030 target. Internet and HIT use vary depending on a number of sociodemographic factors. Relevant influencing factors should be fully considered in health education interventions promoted.
Assuntos
Uso da Internet , Informática Médica , Idoso , Humanos , Internet , Medicare , Multimorbidade , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The coronavirus pneumonia 2019 epidemic has had a huge impact on the population, and medical students are no exception. The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between the risk perception, adaptation, confidence, and risk response behavior of medical postgraduates. A cross-sectional survey on medical postgraduates was conducted in a medical school in China. A total of 712 students were investigated. Basic information and individual scores, including risk perception, adaptability, confidence, and risk response behavior, were collected. There was a significant positive correlation between risk perception and adaptability, confidence, and risk response behavior (P < 0.01). Not only did risk perception have a direct positive predictive effect on adaptability, but also affected adaptability through three indirect pathways.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Estudantes de Medicina , China/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Percepção , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram to predict probability of in-stent restenosis (ISR) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: Patients undergoing PCI with drug-eluting stents between July 2009 and August 2011 were retrieved from a cohort study in a high-volume PCI center, and further randomly assigned to training and validation sets. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model was used to screen out significant features for construction of nomogram. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to build a nomogram-based predicting model incorporating the variables selected in the LASSO regression model. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC), calibration plot and decision curve analysis (DCA) were performed to estimate the discrimination, calibration and utility of the nomogram model respectively. RESULTS: A total of 463 patients with DES implantation were enrolled and randomized in the development and validation sets. The predication nomogram was constructed with five risk factors including prior PCI, hyperglycemia, stents in left anterior descending artery (LAD), stent type, and absence of clopidogrel, which proved reliable for quantifying risks of ISR for patients with stent implantation. The AUC of development and validation set were 0.706 and 0.662, respectively, indicating that the prediction model displayed moderate discrimination capacity to predict restenosis. The high quality of calibration plots in both datasets demonstrated strong concordance performance of the nomogram model. Moreover, DCA showed that the nomogram was clinically useful when intervention was decided at the possibility threshold of 9%, indicating good utility for clinical decision-making. CONCLUSIONS: The individualized prediction nomogram incorporating 5 commonly clinical and angiographic characteristics for patients undergoing PCI can be conveniently used to facilitate early identification and improved screening of patients at higher risk of ISR.
Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Reestenose Coronária/etiologia , Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Nomogramas , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/instrumentação , Stents , Idoso , Tomada de Decisão Clínica , Angiografia Coronária , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Reestenose Coronária/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Sistema de Registros , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The profiles of liver function abnormalities in COVID-19 patients need to be clarified. METHODS: In this retrospective study, consecutive COVID-19 patients over 60 years old in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 1 to February 6 were included. Data of demographics, clinical characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory tests, medications and outcomes were collected and analysed. Sequential alterations of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were monitored. RESULTS: A total of 330 patients were included and classified into two groups with normal (n = 234) or elevated ALT (n = 96). There were fewer females (40.6% vs 54.7%, P = .020) and more critical cases (30.2% vs 19.2%, P = .026) in patients with elevated ALT compared with the normal group. Higher levels of bacterial infection indices (eg, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin) were observed in the elevated group. Spearman correlation showed that both ALT and AST levels were positively correlated with those indices of bacterial infection. No obvious effects of medications on ALT abnormalities were found. In patients with elevated ALT, most ALT elevations were mild and transient. 59.4% of the patients had ALT concentrations of 41-100 U/L, while only a few patients (5.2%) had high serum ALT concentrations above 300 U/L. ALT elevations occurred at 13 (10-17) days and recovered at 28 (18-35) days from disease onset. For most patients, the elevation of serum ALT levels occurred at 6-20 days after disease onset and reached their peak values within a similar time frame. The recovery of serum ALT levels to normal frequently occurred at 16-20 days or 31-35 days after disease onset. CONCLUSIONS: Liver function abnormalities were observed in 29.1% of elderly people COVID-19 patients, which were slightly and transient in most cases. Liver function abnormalities in COVID-19 may be correlated with bacterial infection.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Hepatopatias , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Fígado , Testes de Função Hepática , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
AIMS: Phospholamban (PLB) stoichiometrically regulates the cardiac Ca2+ pump (SERCA2a) in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR); but in the nuclear envelope (NE) of cardiomyocytes (CMs), the PLB to SERCA2a molar ratio is higher, which highlights our poor understanding of how SR proteins distribute to their functional subcompartments. By tracking newly made PLB and SERCA2a in CMs, we will elucidate underlying cellular pathways responsible for their unique intracellular distributions. METHODS AND RESULTS: Highly specific monoclonal antibodies were used to compare the subcellular distributions of SERCA2a, PLB, and junctin (JCN) in dog heart tissue. The data supported a view that both non-junctional and junctional SR proteins are all prominently enriched in transverse stretches of SR tubules, along the edges of sarcomeres (SR z-tubules). To understand the genesis of these steady state distributions, we analyzed confocal immunofluorescence images of adult rat CMs after acute expression (12-48 h) of the dog ortholog of PLB (dPLB) or dSERCA2a. Newly made dog proteins in rat CMs were detected using dog-specific monoclonal antibodies. By 12-24 h, dSERCA2a had accumulated within the NE in a punctate pattern, presumably reflecting initial sites of biosynthesis. Over the next 24-48 h, higher levels of dSERCA2a immunofluorescence accumulated in transverse/radial SR tubules, aligned along sarcolemmal transverse (T)-tubules, and extending from NE puncta. The patterns of SR tubules carrying dSERCA2a overlapped with those for newly made JCN, suggesting a common Nuclear Envelope to SR along T-tubules or NEST pathway for SR proteins. In contrast to the SERCA2a distribution pattern, dPLB accumulated uniformly in the NE, without visible puncta. With co-expression of dSERCA2a, however, PLB no longer uniformly filled the NE, but instead moved together with SERCA2a to form bright NE puncta, from which the two proteins then trafficked anterogradely. CONCLUSION: Expression of dog SR protein orthologs (dSERCA2a, dPLB, and dJCN) for as little as 48 h reproduces their characteristic steady state distributions. Detailed analyses of the time courses of protein accumulation suggest a possible mechanism by which PLB distributes to both the NE and SR, unlike SERCA2a. SERCA2a moves in SR z-tubules directly from rough ER, along pathways that are in common with those used by junctional SR proteins. A different trafficking route for PLB away the rough ER/NE led to its accumulation in the NE, a process that may account for its enrichment in NE in situ. Association of SERCA2a with PLB from this NE pool enhanced PLB trafficking along the NEST pathway, contributing to steady state stoichiometry and physiologically regulated SERCA2a.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio/metabolismo , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Membrana Nuclear/metabolismo , ATPases Transportadoras de Cálcio do Retículo Sarcoplasmático/metabolismo , Retículo Sarcoplasmático/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Biomarcadores , Feminino , Imunofluorescência , Humanos , Nocodazol/farmacologia , Transporte Proteico/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article was to study the characteristics of pediatric meningiomas, including the clinical symptom, anatomic location, radiological finding, treatment approaches, and long-term surgical outcome as well as the possible influence factors of the prognosis. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and follow-up data of 39 pediatric patients who were treated by operation for intracranial meningiomas in West-China Hospital between 2009-2019. RESULTS: The incidence of pediatric meningioma was 0.74%. The mean age at surgery was 12.2 years and the ratio of male to female was 1.3. Three cases (7.7%) were related to neurofibromas. WHO grade I was found in 26 patients (66.7%) and higher grades was seen in 13 (33.3%). The most common location sites were convexity (35.9%). Gross total excision was achieved in 28 patients (71.8%). The mean follow-up period was 54.4 months. The recurrence rate was 41.9%. By survival analysis, only gross total resection (p = 0.028) was associated with favorable outcome. CONCLUSION: Meningiomas in children are very rare and have a slight male predominance. Pediatric meningiomas are more commonly located in intraventricular and have higher incidence rate of high-grade than that in adults. Although being challenging, the gross total excision should be underdone to achieve a better prognosis.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Meníngeas/cirurgia , Meningioma/cirurgia , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/métodos , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Neoplasias Meníngeas/patologia , Meningioma/patologia , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) of the empty-nest elderly in China. We searched five databases up to 20 November 2018, to identify all studies on the QoL of empty-nest elderly in China. Twenty-nine were included in the final review. Compared with the control group, the physiological function, psychological function, social function and total score of QoL of empty nests were lower than those of non-empty nests. In addition, meta-analysis showed that the empty nesters were lower than the non-empty nesters in General Health, Role Physical, Bodily Pain, Role Emotional and Vitality. The existing evidence showed that the QoL of the empty-nest elderly in China was to some extent lower than that of the non-empty nest elderly.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Qualidade de Vida , Idoso , Envelhecimento/psicologia , China , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Qualidade de Vida/psicologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Our recent study found that selective ablation of the distal part of the ligament of Marshall (LOMLSPV ) could suppress ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) during acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study was to investigate the possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Dogs were randomly divided into the sham-operated group (SO; n = 6), AMI group (AMI; n = 8) and the group undergoing LOMLSPV ablation ahead of AMI (LOMD+AMI; n = 8). Incidence of VAs, serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), expression of connexin (Cx43), Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and high mobility group box (HMGB)1 were compared. Anatomic and immunostaining examinations of LOM LSPV were performed. RESULTS: Compared with the AMI group, incidence of VAs was reduced in the LOMD+AMI group. Compared with the SO group, Cx43, SOD, and Bcl-2 were decreased, MDA, Bax, caspase-3, TNF-α, IL-6, and HMGB1 were increased in the MI group, and all the alterations were significantly restrained in the LOMD+AMI group. A visual nerve fiber communication between the left stellate ganglion (LSG) and LOM and abundant sympathetic nerve bundles distribution in LOMLSPV were revealed. CONCLUSIONS: LOMLSPV ablation could suppress VAs during AMI. The possible mechanism may be associated with disconnection of the sympathetic conduit from LSG to the ventricles. Preservation of Cx43, inhibition of cardiac oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation may be involved.
Assuntos
Arritmias Cardíacas/prevenção & controle , Ablação por Cateter , Ligamentos/cirurgia , Infarto do Miocárdio/cirurgia , Potenciais de Ação , Animais , Apoptose , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/metabolismo , Arritmias Cardíacas/metabolismo , Arritmias Cardíacas/patologia , Arritmias Cardíacas/fisiopatologia , Conexina 43/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Cães , Frequência Cardíaca , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Ligamentos/inervação , Ligamentos/metabolismo , Ligamentos/patologia , Masculino , Infarto do Miocárdio/metabolismo , Infarto do Miocárdio/patologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/fisiopatologia , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Miocárdio/patologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Gânglio Estrelado/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Atrial ganglionated plexus (GP) ablation was proved to have therapeutic effects on vasovagal syncope. The study aimed to investigate whether selective ablation of only right anterior GP (ARGP) and right inferior GP (IRGP) was effective in a canine model of vasovagal syncope. METHODS: Seventeen mongrel dogs were divided into control (N = 10) and ablation group (N = 7). Bilateral thoracotomy was performed at the fourth intercostal space and ARGP and IRGP were ablated in the ablation group. A bolus of veratridine (15 ug/kg) was injected into the left atrium to induce vasovagal reflex. Surface electrocardiogram and blood pressure (BP) were continuously monitored. Heart rate (HR) variability was calculated to represent cardiac autonomic tone. RESULTS: Veratridine injection induced vasovagal reflex in all dogs. HR decreased from 149 ± 17 to 89 ± 33 beats/min (P < 0.001) in the control group, while in the ablation group HR decreased from 141 ± 35 to 125 ± 34 beats/min (P = 0.032). The postveratridine HR in the ablation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P = 0.045). A significantly less intense HR decrease was observed in the ablation group compared with control (-17 ± 16 vs -61 ± 34 beats/min, P = 0.006). Significant BP decreases were induced in both the groups (all P < 0.01), while no evident differences in postveratridine BP and the extent of BP decreases were found between the groups. HR variability revealed significant decrease in cardiac vagal tone after ablation [high-frequency power, 0.50 (0.17-1.05) vs 6.28 (0.68-8.99) ms2 , P = 0.005]. CONCLUSIONS: Selective ablation of ARGP + IRGP weakened cardiac parasympathetic control and significantly attenuated the cardioinhibitory response in an animal model of vasovagal reflex. This ablation strategy might be effective for vasovagal syncope with evident cardioinhibitory response.
Assuntos
Ablação por Cateter/métodos , Gânglios Autônomos/cirurgia , Átrios do Coração/cirurgia , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/fisiopatologia , Síncope Vasovagal/cirurgia , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Cães , Eletrocardiografia , Gânglios Autônomos/fisiopatologia , Átrios do Coração/fisiopatologia , Síncope Vasovagal/fisiopatologia , Toracotomia , VeratridinaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials to assess the incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) and complications of different urinary drainage methods (indwelling urinary catheterization, suprapubic catheterization, and intermittent catheterization.). METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched from their inception to March 2018. We selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing at least two of the three possible urinary drainage routes after gynecologic surgery. A meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan software, and a random-effects model was used to pool the effect size. The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to rate the quality of evidence. RESULTS: Fifteen RCTs met eligibility criteria (N = 1607), the meta-analysis indicated that suprapubic drainage was associated with a reduction in the rate of asymptomatic bacteriuria compared with indwelling urinary catheterization [risk ratios (RR) = 0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.24-0.65, P = 0.0003) but was associated with a higher rate of hematuria (RR = 4.49, 95% CI: 1.16-17.41, P = 0.03). Indwelling urinary catheterization increased the rate of recatheterization compared with suprapubic drainage (RR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.22-7.11, P = 0.02) and was associated with higher rate of symptomatic UTI compared with intermittent catheterization (RR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.09-7.14, P = 0.03). No difference was found in other aspects (complication rate and catheter-related pain) among the three drainage routes. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggested that suprapubic drainage was superior to indwelling urethral catheterization in reduction of asymptomatic bacteriuria and rate of recatheterization but was associated with higher rate of hematuria. Intermittent catheterization was associated with a reduction in symptomatic UTI compared with indwelling urinary catheterization. More high-quality randomized trials are needed to determine which route is most appropriate for catheterization in patients after gynecologic surgery.
Assuntos
Bacteriúria/epidemiologia , Bacteriúria/etiologia , Cateteres de Demora/efeitos adversos , Cateterismo Urinário/efeitos adversos , Cateterismo Urinário/métodos , Cistostomia , Feminino , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos em Ginecologia , Humanos , Incidência , Cateterismo Uretral Intermitente/efeitos adversos , Tempo de Internação , Dor/etiologia , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: There is conflicting evidence on whether intermittent catheterization (IC) is less associated with urinary tract infection (UTI) and more likely to prevent urinary retention than continuous catheterization (CC). We aimed to compare the effect of IC with that of CC on the incidence of postpartum UTI, urinary retention and hemorrhage in laboring women with epidural analgesia. METHODS: Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library from their inception to October 2018. We selected RCTs comparing IC with CC in laboring women with epidural analgesia. A meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan software, and a random-effects model was used to pool the effect size. The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to rate the quality of evidence. RESULTS: Six RCTs (N = 850) were included in this review. The meta-analyses indicated that there was no significant difference between the IC and CC group in the incidence of postpartum UTI (RR = 1.25, 95% CI: 0.91 to 1.71, P = 0.16), postpartum urinary retention (RR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.21 to 2.77, P = 0.68) and postpartum hemorrhage (RR = 1.72, 95% CI: 0.60 to 4.95, P = 0.31). GRADE assessment results showed that the quality of evidence was low. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the available evidence, there is no measurable difference in rates of UTI between CC and IC, not that neither stragety decreases UTI, since the included trials do not address this.