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Complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox Nitrospira) are ubiquitous in coastal wetland sediments and play an important role in nitrification. Our study examined the impact of habitat modifications on comammox Nitrospira communities in coastal wetland sediments across tropical and subtropical regions of southeastern China. Samples were collected from 21 coastal wetlands in five provinces where native mudflats were invaded by Spartina alterniflora and subsequently converted to aquaculture ponds. The results showed that comammox Nitrospira abundances were mainly influenced by sediment grain size rather than by habitat modifications. Compared to S. alterniflora marshes and native mudflats, aquaculture pond sediments had lower comammox Nitrospira diversity, lower clade A.1 abundance, and higher clade A.2 abundance. Sulfate concentration was the most important factor controlling the diversity of comammox Nitrospira. The response of comammox Nitrospira community to habitat change varied significantly by location, and environmental variables accounted for only 11.2% of the variations in community structure across all sites. In all three habitat types, dispersal limitation largely controlled the comammox Nitrospira community assembly process, indicating the stochastic nature of these sediment communities in coastal wetlands. IMPORTANCE Comammox Nitrospira have recently gained attention for their potential role in nitrification and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in soil and sediment. However, their distribution and assembly in impacted coastal wetland are poorly understood, particularly on a large spatial scale. Our study provides novel evidence that the effects of habitat modification on comammox Nitrospira communities are dependent on the location of the wetland. We also found that the assembly of comammox Nitrospira communities in coastal wetlands was mainly governed by stochastic processes. Nevertheless, sediment grain size and sulfate concentration were identified as key variables affecting comammox Nitrospira abundance and diversity in coastal sediments. These findings are significant as they advance our understanding of the environmental adaptation of comammox Nitrospira and how future landscape modifications may impact their abundance and diversity in coastal wetlands.
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Bactérias , Áreas Alagadas , Oxirredução , Nitrificação , Amônia , China , Archaea , FilogeniaRESUMO
The numerous health benefits of pectins justify their inclusion in human diets and biomedical products. This review provides an overview of pectin extraction and modification methods, their physico-chemical characteristics, health-promoting properties, and pharmaceutical/biomedical applications. Pectins, as readily available and versatile biomolecules, can be tailored to possess specific functionalities for food, pharmaceutical and biomedical applications, through judicious selection of appropriate extraction and modification technologies/processes based on green chemistry principles. Pectin's structural and physicochemical characteristics dictate their effects on digestion and bioavailability of nutrients, as well as health-promoting properties including anticancer, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, intestinal microflora-regulating, immune barrier-strengthening, hypercholesterolemia-/arteriosclerosis-preventing, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, antitussive, analgesic, anticoagulant, and wound healing effects. HG, RG-I, RG-II, molecular weight, side chain pattern, and degrees of methylation, acetylation, amidation and branching are critical structural elements responsible for optimizing these health benefits. The physicochemical characteristics, health functionalities, biocompatibility and biodegradability of pectins enable the construction of pectin-based composites with distinct properties for targeted applications in bioactive/drug delivery, edible films/coatings, nano-/micro-encapsulation, wound dressings and biological tissue engineering. Achieving beneficial synergies among the green extraction and modification processes during pectin production, and between pectin and other composite components in biomedical products, should be key foci for future research.
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Alimentos , Pectinas , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Peso Molecular , Preparações FarmacêuticasRESUMO
Plant species play a crucial role in mediating the activity and community structure of soil microbiomes through differential inputs of litter and rhizosphere exudates, but we have a poor understanding of how plant species influence comammox Nitrospira, a newly discovered ammonia oxidizer with pivotal functionality. Here, we investigate the abundance, diversity, and community structure of comammox Nitrospira underneath five plant species and a bare tidal flat at three soil depths in a subtropical estuarine wetland. Plant species played a critical role in driving the distribution of individual clades of comammox Nitrospira, explaining 59.3% of the variation of community structure. Clade A.1 was widely detected in all samples, while clades A.2.1, A.2.2, A.3 and B showed plant species-dependent distribution patterns. Compared with the native species Cyperus malaccensis, the invasion of Spartina alterniflora increased the network complexity and changed the community structure of comammox Nitrospira, while the invasive effects from Kandelia obovata and Phragmites australis were relatively weak. Soil depths significantly influenced the community structure of comammox Nitrospira, but the effect was much weaker than that from plant species. Altogether, our results highlight the previously unrecognized critical role of plant species in driving the distribution of comammox Nitrospira in a subtropical estuarine wetland.
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Nitrificação , Áreas Alagadas , Oxirredução , Bactérias , Amônia , Solo/química , PoaceaeRESUMO
Fungal communities are essential to the maintenance of soil multifunctionality. Plant invasion represents a growing challenge for the conservation of soil biodiversity across the globe, but the impact of non-native species invasion on fungal diversity, community structure, and assembly processes remains largely unknown. Here, we examined the diversity, community composition, functional guilds, and assembly process of fungi at three soil depths underneath a native species, three non-native species, and a bare tidal flat from a coastal wetland. Plant species was more important than soil depth in regulating the diversity, community structure, and functional groups of fungi. Non-native species, especially Spartina alterniflora, increased fungal diversity, altered fungal community structure, and increased the relative abundance of saprotrophic and pathogenic fungi in coastal wetland soils. Stochastic processes played a predominant role in driving fungal community assembly, explaining more than 70% of the relative contributions. However, compared to a native species, non-native species, especially S. alterniflora, reduced the relative influence of stochastic processes in fungal community assembly. Collectively, our results provide novel evidence that non-native species can increase fungal diversity, the relative abundance of saprotrophic and pathogenic fungi, and deterministic processes in the assembly of fungi in coastal wetlands, which can expand our knowledge of the dynamics of fungal communities in subtropical coastal wetlands.
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Micobioma , Áreas Alagadas , Espécies Introduzidas , Plantas , Poaceae/fisiologia , Solo/química , Fungos/genética , Microbiologia do Solo , ChinaRESUMO
Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), the member of type II interferons, is a major driver and effector cytokine for Th1 cells and plays broad roles in regulating the function of immune cells. Teleost fish represents the oldest living bony vertebrates containing T-lymphocyte subsets. However, whether or how the regulatory mechanisms of IFN-γ on Th1 cells occur in teleost fish remain unknown. In this study, full-length transcriptome sequencing was performed to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and signaling pathways in the IFN-γ stimulated lymphocytes of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), the data showed 811 genes were upregulated and 1107 genes were downregulated, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation pathway was remarkably enriched from DEGs, and the genes in the Th1 cell differentiation pathway were upregulated and verified. Accordingly, variations on Th1 cell differentiation marker genes and CD4+ cells were investigated after IFN-γ stimulation, the results confirmed that CD4+ T lymphocytes proliferated significantly after IFN-γ stimulation, accompanied by eight genes significant upregulation and increased T-bet expression in lymphocytes. In conclusion, the results revealed an induction of IFN-γ on Th1-type immune response, providing novel perspectives into the differentiation of CD4+ T lymphocytes in teleost.
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Linguado , Interferon gama , Animais , Interferon gama/genética , Transcriptoma , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos , Células Th1 , ImunidadeRESUMO
HgTe colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are promising absorber systems for infrared detection due to their widely tunable photoresponse in all infrared regions. Up to now, the best-performing HgTe CQD photodetectors have relied on using aggregated CQDs, limiting the device design, uniformity and performance. Herein, we report a ligand-engineered approach that produces well-separated HgTe CQDs. The present strategy first employs strong-binding alkyl thioalcohol ligands to enable the synthesis of well-dispersed HgTe cores, followed by a second growth process and a final postligand modification step enhancing their colloidal stability. We demonstrate highly monodisperse HgTe CQDs in a wide size range, from 4.2 to 15.0 nm with sharp excitonic absorption fully covering short- and midwave infrared regions, together with a record electron mobility of up to 18.4 cm2 V-1 s-1. The photodetectors show a room-temperature detectivity of 3.9 × 1011 jones at a 1.7 µm cutoff absorption edge.
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Lead selenide (PbSe) colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are promising candidates for optoelectronic applications. To date, PbSe CQDs capped by halide ligands exhibit improved stability and solar cells using these CQDs as active layers have reported a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 10%. However, PbSe CQDs are more prone to oxidation, requiring delicate control over their processability and compromising their applications. Herein, an efficient strategy that addresses this issue by an in situ cation-exchange process is reported. This is achieved by a two-phase ligand exchange process where PbI2 serves as both a passivating ligand and cation-source inducing transformation of CdSe to PbSe. The defect density and carrier lifetime of PbSe CQD films are improved to 1.05 × 1016 cm-3 and 12.2 ns, whereas the traditional PbSe CQD films possess 1.9 × 1016 cm-3 defect density and 10.2 ns carrier lifetime. These improvements are translated into an enhancement of photovoltaic performance of PbSe solar cells, with a PCE of up to 11.6%, ≈10% higher than the previous record. Notably, the approach enables greatly improved stability and a two-month stability is successfully demonstrated. This strategy is expected to promote the fast development of PbSe CQD applications in low-cost and high-performance optoelectronic devices.
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Using visible light as a driving force and molecular oxygen as a green oxidant, we developed bis(oxazoline)-Ni(acac)2 catalyzed asymmetric α-hydroxylation of ß-keto esters under low photosensitizer loading, and the protocol enabled an efficient transformation to provide the desired chiral α-hydroxy-ß-keto esters in high yields (up to 99%) and enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee) at room temperature.
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BACKGROUND: Cardiac surgery can cause similar inflammatory reactions with infection; antibacterial treatment may be inappropriately used. Early and accurate diagnosis of infection still is a difficult problem worldwide. Procalcitonin (PCT) helps to identify sepsis caused by bacterial infections. However, its application in the diagnosis of pulmonary infections after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) has not been well studied. We investigated the early predictive value of PCT for the diagnosis of pulmonary infections after OPCABG. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data, including conditions in the intensive care unit, postoperative complications, mortality rate, plasma PCT in the morning on the first postoperative day, routine white blood cell (WBC) count, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels of patients who underwent elective OPCABG. Patients were divided into an infection group and a noninfection group, according to the occurrence of pulmonary infections. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of PCT for the diagnosis of postsurgical infections. RESULTS: In total, 131 patients who underwent OPCABG were included, of whom 23 (17.6%) developed pulmonary infections. The plasma PCT level significantly was higher in the infection group than in the noninfection group (6.0 ± 6.3 ng/ml vs. 2.0 ± 2.2 ng/ml, P = 0.007). WBC and hs-CRP values were not significantly different between the infection group and the noninfection group (12.3 ± 3.9×109/L vs. 11.1 ± 2.8×109/L, P = 0.171 and 12.4 ± 0.7 mg/L vs. 12.4 ± 0.8 mg/L, P = 0.903, respectively). The area under the ROC for predicting pulmonary infections after OPCABG by plasma PCT was 0.783 (P < 0.001, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.674-0.893), with a cut-off value of 3.55 ng/ml, a sensitivity of 0.609, and a specificity of 0.861. CONCLUSION: From our study results, we postulate that PCT has a high early predictive value for the diagnosis of pulmonary infections after OPCABG.
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Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Ponte de Artéria Coronária sem Circulação Extracorpórea/efeitos adversos , Pneumopatias/sangue , Pró-Calcitonina/sangue , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores/sangue , China/epidemiologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/cirurgia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Incidência , Pneumopatias/epidemiologia , Pneumopatias/microbiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Curva ROC , Estudos Retrospectivos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/sangue , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/epidemiologia , Taxa de Sobrevida/tendênciasRESUMO
By running applications and services closer to the user, edge processing provides many advantages, such as short response time and reduced network traffic. Deep-learning based algorithms provide significantly better performances than traditional algorithms in many fields but demand more resources, such as higher computational power and more memory. Hence, designing deep learning algorithms that are more suitable for resource-constrained mobile devices is vital. In this paper, we build a lightweight neural network, termed LiteNet which uses a deep learning algorithm design to diagnose arrhythmias, as an example to show how we design deep learning schemes for resource-constrained mobile devices. Compare to other deep learning models with an equivalent accuracy, LiteNet has several advantages. It requires less memory, incurs lower computational cost, and is more feasible for deployment on resource-constrained mobile devices. It can be trained faster than other neural network algorithms and requires less communication across different processing units during distributed training. It uses filters of heterogeneous size in a convolutional layer, which contributes to the generation of various feature maps. The algorithm was tested using the MIT-BIH electrocardiogram (ECG) arrhythmia database; the results showed that LiteNet outperforms comparable schemes in diagnosing arrhythmias, and in its feasibility for use at the mobile devices.
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Arritmias Cardíacas , Algoritmos , Eletrocardiografia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Redes Neurais de ComputaçãoRESUMO
Fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles (FPNs) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property have received increasing attention and possess promising biomedical application potential in the recent years. Many efforts have been devoted to the fabrication methodologies of FPNs and significant advance has been achieved. In this contribution, a novel strategy for the fabrication of AIE-active amphiphilic copolymers is reported for the first time based on the Ce(IV) redox polymerization. As an example, ene group containing AIE-active dye (named as Phe-alc) is directly grafted onto a water soluble polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) in H2 O/THF system under low temperature. Thus-obtained amphiphilic fluorescent polymers will self-assemble into FPNs with ultra-low critical micelle concentration, ultra-brightness, and great water dispersibility. Biological evaluation results suggest that the PEG-poly(Phe-alc) possess excellent biocompatibility and can be used for tracing their behavior in cells using confocal laser scanning microscope. These features make PEG-poly(Phe-alc) FPNs promising candidates for many biomedical applications, such as cell imaging, drug delivery vehicles, and targeted tracing. More importantly, many other functional groups can also be incorporated into these AIE-active FPNs through the redox polymerization. Therefore, the redox polymerization should be a facile and effective strategy for fabrication of AIE-active FPNs.
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Cério/química , Diagnóstico por Imagem/métodos , Micelas , Nanopartículas/química , Polimerização , Polímeros/química , Células A549 , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Fluorescência , Corantes Fluorescentes/química , Humanos , Microscopia Confocal/métodos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Modelos Químicos , Estrutura Molecular , Nanopartículas/ultraestrutura , Oxirredução , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Polímeros/síntese química , Polímeros/farmacologia , Espectroscopia de Prótons por Ressonância Magnética , Espectrometria de Fluorescência , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de FourierRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the significance of cytokine expression in supernatant from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSCs/HPCs) co-cultured with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from normal human umbilical cord blood and then cultured solely or co-cultured with MSCs or EPCs. Changes in the number of MNCs and HSCs/HPCs were observed, and MNC proliferation was tested by carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester. The cultured supernatants of the treated MSCs and EPCs were collected at 24 h after co-culture and used to determine the concentrations of IL-3, IL-6, stem cell factor (SCF), TPO, Flt3l, and VEGF. The total number and proliferation of MNCs increased significantly when co-cultured with MSCs or EPCs than when cultured alone, particularly when MNCs were co-cultured with EPCs. The differences in IL-3 and Flt3l concentrations between groups were not significant. However, IL-6 in the MSC group was significantly higher than that in the two other groups. The SCF and TPO concentrations were highly expressed in the EPC group. The VEGF concentrations in the MSC group and the EPC group were higher than those in the control group. These results indicated that MSCs and EPCs possibly favor the proliferation of MNCs and HSCs/HPCs. IL-6 and VEGF may be related to hematopoietic reconstitution and homing ability of HSCs/HPCs. TPO may have a specific relationship with the promotion of HSCs/HPCs differentiation.
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Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Células Progenitoras Endoteliais/citologia , Sangue Fetal/citologia , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/citologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Proliferação de Células/fisiologia , Células Cultivadas , Técnicas de Cocultura/métodos , HumanosRESUMO
Energy metabolism is crucial for all living cells, especially during fast growth or stress scenarios. Many cancer and activated immune cells (Warburg effect) or yeasts (Crabtree effect) mostly rely on aerobic glucose fermentation leading to lactate or ethanol, respectively, to generate ATP. In recent years, several mathematical models have been proposed to explain the Warburg effect on theoretical grounds. Besides glucose, glutamine is a very important substrate for eukaryotic cells-not only for biosynthesis, but also for energy metabolism. Here, we present a minimal constraint-based stoichiometric model for explaining both the classical Warburg effect and the experimentally observed respirofermentation of glutamine (WarburQ effect). We consider glucose and glutamine respiration as well as the respective fermentation pathways. Our resource allocation model calculates the ATP production rate, taking into account enzyme masses and, therefore, pathway costs. While our calculation predicts glucose fermentation to be a superior energy-generating pathway in human cells, different enzyme characteristics in yeasts reduce this advantage, in some cases to such an extent that glucose respiration is preferred. The latter is observed for the fungal pathogen Candida albicans, which is a known Crabtree-negative yeast. Further, optimization results show that glutamine is a valuable energy source and important substrate under glucose limitation, in addition to its role as a carbon and nitrogen source of biomass in eukaryotic cells. In conclusion, our model provides insights that glutamine is an underestimated fuel for eukaryotic cells during fast growth and infection scenarios and explains well the observed parallel respirofermentation of glucose and glutamine in several cell types.
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Metabolismo Energético , Fermentação , Glucose , Glutamina , Modelos Biológicos , Neoplasias , Glutamina/metabolismo , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Humanos , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Fermentação/fisiologia , Candida albicans/metabolismo , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismoRESUMO
A colorimetric aptasensor based on the dual recognition of magnetic carbon dots (M-CDs) and copper-based metal-organic frameworks (Cu-MOFs) was constructed for the visual detection of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Aptamer-modified Cu-MOFs could specifically identify target bacteria and exhibited peroxidase-like activity by catalyzing the colorimetric reaction of the 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine-H2O2 (TMB-H2O2) system. M-CDs electrostatically attracted bacteria because of their strong positive electrical properties and offered better capturing performance compared with magnetic beads owing to their smaller size. Visual detection of the target was achieved using the color change of the reaction catalyzed by the resuspension of the sandwich-structured complex. The bacteria were sensitively detected with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 CFU mL-1 using the peroxidase catalytic activity of Cu-MOFs. Non-target bacteria produced negative results, demonstrating the excellent selectivity of the proposed aptasensor. The strategy showed good recovery in real sample detection, showing great potential for visual monitoring of pathogenic bacteria, and could provide a reference for further development of novel sensing platforms for bacterial detection.
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ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Early brain damage (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a long-lasting condition with a high occurrence. However, treatment options are restricted. Wu-zhu-yu Decoction (WZYD) can treat headaches and vomiting, which are similar to the early symptoms of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, it is yet unknown if WZYD can reduce EBI following SAH and its underlying mechanisms. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to investigate whether WZYD protects against EBI following SAH by inhibiting oxidative stress through activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling via Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6)-mediated histone H3 lysine 56 (H3K56) deacetylation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the current investigation, the principal components of WZYD were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). The SAH model in rats using the internal carotid artery plug puncture approach and the SAH model in primary neurons using hemoglobin incubation were developed. WZYD with different doses (137 mg kg-1, 274 mg kg-1, 548 mg kg-1) and the positive drug-Nimodipine (40 mg kg-1) were intragastrically administered in SAH model rats, respectively. The PC12 cells were cultured with corresponding medicated for 24h. In our investigation, neurological scores, brain water content, Evans blue leakage, Nissl staining, TUNEL staining, oxidative stress, expression of apoptosis-related proteins, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling were evaluated. The interaction between SIRT6 and Nrf2 was detected by co-immunoprecipitation. SIRT6 knockdown was used to confirm its role in WZYD's neuroprotection. RESULTS: The WZYD treatment dramatically reduced cerebral hemorrhage and edema, and enhanced neurological results in EBI following SAH rats. WZYD administration inhibited neuronal apoptosis via reducing the expression levels of Cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3(Cleaved Caspase-3), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3(caspase-3), and Bcl-2, Associated X Protein (Bax) and increasing the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2(Bal2). It also decreased reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels and increased Nrf2 and HO-1 expression in the rat brain after SAH. In vitro, WZYD attenuated hemoglobin-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and apoptosis in primary neurons. Mechanistically, WZYD enhanced SIRT6 expression and H3K56 deacetylation, activated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling, and promoted the interaction between SIRT6 and Nrf2. Knockdown of SIRT6 abolished WZYD-induced neuroprotection. CONCLUSIONS: WZYD attenuates EBI after SAH by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling through SIRT6-mediated H3K56 deacetylation, suggesting its therapeutic potential for SAH treatment.
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Lesões Encefálicas , Fármacos Neuroprotetores , Sirtuínas , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea , Ratos , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Caspase 3 , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/complicações , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/tratamento farmacológico , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/metabolismo , Ácido Aspártico/farmacologia , Ácido Aspártico/uso terapêutico , Lesões Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológico , Apoptose , Hemoglobinas/farmacologia , Hemoglobinas/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Nanobiotechnology and the engineering of nanomaterials are currently the main focus of many researches. Seafood waste carbon nanomaterials (SWCNs) are a renewable resource with large surface area, porous structure, high reactivity, and abundant active sites. They efficiently adsorb food contaminants through π-π conjugated, ion exchange, and electrostatic interaction. Furthermore, SWCNs prepared from seafood waste are rich in N and O functional groups. They have high quantum yield (QY) and excellent fluorescence properties, making them promising materials for the removal and detection of pollutants. It provides an opportunity by which solutions to the long-term challenges of the food industry in assessing food safety, maintaining food quality, detecting contaminants and pretreating samples can be found. In addition, carbon nanomaterials can be used as adsorbents to reduce environmental pollutants and prevent food safety problems from the source. In this paper, the types of SWCNs are reviewed; the synthesis, properties and applications of SWCNs are reviewed and the raw material selection, preparation methods, reaction conditions and formation mechanisms of biomass-based carbon materials are studied in depth. Finally, the advantages of seafood waste carbon and its composite materials in pollutant removal and detection were discussed, and existing problems were pointed out, which provided ideas for the future development and research directions of this interesting and versatile material. Based on the concept of waste pricing and a recycling economy, the aim of this paper is to outline current trends and the future potential to transform residues from the seafood waste sector into valuable biological (nano) materials, and to apply them to food safety.
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Carbono , Inocuidade dos Alimentos , Nanoestruturas , Alimentos Marinhos , Alimentos Marinhos/análise , Inocuidade dos Alimentos/métodos , Nanoestruturas/análise , Carbono/análise , Contaminação de Alimentos/análiseRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Migraine, a chronic and intricate disorder, manifests as recurrent episodic headaches accompanied by various neurological symptoms. Wuzhuyu Decoction (WZYD) is a traditional Chinese medical formula with promising effects in treating migraines; however, its underlying mechanisms have not yet been clarified. AIM OF STUDY: The study aimed to evaluate WZYD's effectiveness in migraine treatment and investigate the potential mechanism of WZYD's effects on migraine and oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Behavior tests and immunofluorescence assay for the intensity of migraine markers to assess the migraine-relieving effect of WZYD after chronic migraine model induced by nitroglycerin in mice. The impacts of WZYD on oxidative stress-related markers, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO1), and NAD (P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in brain tissue were examined. In addition, protein expression or mRNA levels of the MZF1/PGK1 were detected using Western blot or PCR, respectively. Finally, the MZF1 overexpression vector was constructed to the higher level of MZF1. The MZF1/PGK1 signaling pathway expression was evaluated by markers of oxidative stress including NRF2 and others in this series of experiments. RESULTS: Through murine model experimentation, we observed that WZYD effectively alleviates migraine symptoms, signifying its therapeutic efficacy. Mechanistically, WZYD emerges as a potent activator of the NRF2, acting as a robust defense against oxidative stress. In vitro investigations demonstrated that WZYD combats oxidative stress and curbs cell apoptosis induced by these detrimental conditions. Furthermore, by suppressing the transcriptional expression of PGK1, an influential player in the NRF2 pathway, WZYD effectively activates NRF2 signaling. Intriguingly, we have identified MZF1 as the mediator orchestrating the regulation of the PGK1/NRF2 pathway by WZYD. CONCLUSION: The study confirms the effectiveness of WZYD in alleviating migraine symptoms. Mechanistically, WZYD activated the NRF2 signaling pathway; moreover, the action of WZYD involved the down-regulation of PGK1 mediated by MZF1, which promoted the activation of the NRF2 pathway. This study advances our understanding of the intricate mechanisms driving WZYD's efficacy, paving the way for novel treatments in migraine management.
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Antioxidantes , Transtornos de Enxaqueca , Camundongos , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/genética , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Nitroglicerina , Elementos de Resposta Antioxidante , Estresse Oxidativo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) poses a considerable public health challenge, resulting in mortality, disability, and economic strain. Dehydroevodiamine (DEDM) is a natural compound derived from a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Prior studies have substantiated the neuroprotective attributes of this compound in the context of TBI. Nevertheless, a comprehensive comprehension of the exact mechanisms responsible for its neuroprotective effects remains elusive. It is imperative to elucidate the precise intrinsic mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective actions of DEDM. PURPOSE: The aim of this investigation was to elucidate the mechanism underlying DEDM treatment in TBI utilizing both in vivo and in vitro models. Specifically, our focus was on comprehending the impact of DEDM on the Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) / Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3a) / Bcl-2-like protein 11 (Bim) pathway, a pivotal player in TBI-induced cell death attributed to oxidative stress. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We established a TBI mouse model via the weight drop method. Following continuous intraperitoneal administration, we assessed the neurological dysfunction using the Modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) and behavioral assay, followed by sample collection. Secondary brain damage in mice was evaluated through Nissl staining, brain water content measurement, Evans blue detection, and Western blot assays. We scrutinized the expression levels of oxidative stress-related indicators and key proteins for apoptosis. The intricate mechanism of DEDM in TBI was further explored through immunofluorescence, Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), dual-luciferase assays and western blotting. Additionally, we further investigated the specific therapeutic mechanism of DEDM in an oxidative stress cell model. RESULTS: The results indicated that DEDM effectively ameliorated oxidative stress and apoptosis post-TBI, mitigating neurological dysfunction and brain injury in mice. DEDM facilitated the deacetylation of FOXO3a by up-regulating the expression of the deacetylase SIRT1, consequently suppressing Bim expression. This mechanism contributed to the alleviation of neurological injury and symptom improvement in TBI-afflicted mice. Remarkably, SIRT1 emerged as a central mediator in the overall treatment mechanism. CONCLUSIONS: DEDM exerted significant neuroprotective effects on TBI mice by modulating the SIRT1/FOXO3a/Bim pathway. Our innovative research provides a basis for further exploration of the clinical therapeutic potential of DEDM in the context of TBI.
Assuntos
Alcaloides , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas , Fármacos Neuroprotetores , Camundongos , Animais , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Sirtuína 1/metabolismo , Proteína 11 Semelhante a Bcl-2/farmacologia , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Apoptose , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung tumor; however, we lack effective early detection indicators and therapeutic targets. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1 (EIF4G1) is vital to initiate protein synthesis, acting as a scaffolding protein for the eukaryotic protein translation initiation factor complex, EIF4F, which regulates protein synthesis together with EIF4A, EIF4E, and other translation initiation factors. However, EIF4G1's function in NSCLC cancer is unclear. Herein, transcriptome sequencing showed that knockdown of EIF4G1 in H1299 NSCLC cells upregulated the expression of various inflammation-related factors. Inflammatory cytokines were also significantly overexpressed in NSCLC tumor tissues, among which CXCL8 (encoding C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8) showed the most significant changes in both in the transcriptome sequencing data and tumor tissues. We revealed that EIF4G1 regulates the protein level of TNF receptor superfamily member 10a (TNFRSF10A) resulting in activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) pathways, which induces CXCL8 secretion, leading to targeted chemotaxis of immune cells. We verified that H1299 cells with EIF4G1 knockdown showed increased chemotaxis compared with the control group and promoted increased chemotaxis of macrophages. These data suggested that EIF4G1 is an important molecule in the inflammatory response of cancer tissues in NSCLC.
RESUMO
Understanding the assembly mechanisms of microbial communities, particularly comammox Nitrospira, in agroecosystems is crucial for sustainable agriculture. However, the large-scale distribution and assembly processes of comammox Nitrospira in agricultural soils remain largely elusive. We investigated comammox Nitrospira abundance, community structure, and assembly processes in 16 paired upland peanuts and water-logged paddy soils in south China. Higher abundance, richness, and network complexity of comammox Nitrospira were observed in upland soils than in paddy soils, indicating a preference for upland soils over paddy soils among comammox Nitrospira taxa in agricultural environments. Clade A.2.1 and clade A.1 were the predominant comammox Nitrospira taxa in upland and paddy soils, respectively. Soil pH was the most crucial factor shaping comammox Nitrospira community structure. Stochastic processes were found to predominantly drive comammox Nitrospira community assembly in both upland and paddy soils, with deterministic processes playing a more important role in paddy soils than in upland soils. Overall, our findings demonstrate the higher stochasticity of comammox Nitrospira in upland soils than in the adjacent paddy soils, which may have implications for autotrophic nitrification in acidic agricultural soils.