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1.
J Vet Med Sci ; 72(4): 435-42, 2010 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20035113

RESUMO

Considering the usefulness of the immunopotentiator from Pantoea agglomerans 1 (IP-PA1), which is a purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from symbiotic gram-negative bacteria of food crops, in controlling immunosuppression in poultry husbandry, in this study, we examined its immune-recovery effects in dexamethasone-treated stressed chicken models. Three-week-old chickens daily administered 10 microg/kg of dexamethasone for 35 days to induce stress showed more whole body weight loss; relative thymic, bursal, and splenic weight losses; and decrease in the number of peripheral blood lymphocytes, as compared with the control chickens on day 35; the IP-PA1-pretreated, dexamethasone-treated chickens showed reduced weight losses. Five- to eight-week-old chickens administered 5 mg/kg of dexamethasone showed excessive apoptosis of thymic and bursal lymphocytes 24 hr after a single dexamethasone treatment; apoptosis was inhibited in the IP-PA1-pretreated, dexamethasone-treated chickens. Chickens daily administered 10 microg/kg of dexamethasone for 35 days and injected with commercial Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) vaccine or sheep red blood cells (SRBC) on days 7 and 21 showed about 8- or 2-fold lower antibody production in response to SE or SRBC, respectively, as compared with the control chickens on day 35; the antibody production in response to SE or SRBC was increased in the IP-PA1-pretreated, dexamethasone-treated chickens. These results indicate that IP-PA1 exerts inhibitory effects on dexamethasone-induced immunosuppression and that it may be useful in controlling immunosuppression in poultry husbandry.


Assuntos
Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/imunologia , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/veterinária , Transfusão de Eritrócitos/veterinária , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/imunologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/microbiologia , Salmonella enteritidis/imunologia , Animais , Formação de Anticorpos , Apoptose , Galinhas , Dexametasona/uso terapêutico , Terapia de Imunossupressão/métodos , Terapia de Imunossupressão/veterinária , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Pantoea , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/tratamento farmacológico , Ovinos , Timo/efeitos dos fármacos , Redução de Peso
2.
Parasitol Res ; 105(5): 1351-7, 2009 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19629522

RESUMO

We conducted laboratory experiments to verify molecular techniques of avian malaria parasite detection distinguishing between an infected mosquito (oocysts on midgut wall) and infective mosquito (sporozoites in salivary glands) in parallel with blood-meal identification from individual blood-fed mosquitoes prior to application to field survey for avian malaria. Domestic fowl infected with Plasmodium gallinaceum was exposed to a vector and non-vector mosquito species, Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens pallens, respectively, to compare the time course of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection for parasite between competent and refractory mosquitoes. DNA of the domestic fowl was detectable for at least 3 days after blood feeding. The PCR-based detection of P. gallinaceum from the abdomen and thorax of A. aegypti corresponded to the microscopic observation of oocysts and sporozoites. Therefore, this PCR-based method was considered useful as one of the criteria to assess developmental stages of Plasmodium spp. in mosquito species collected in the field. We applied the same PCR-based method to 21 blood-fed C. sasai mosquitoes collected in Rinshi-no-mori Park in urban Tokyo, Japan. Of 15 blood meals of C. sasai successfully identified, 86.7% were avian-derived, 13.3% were bovine-derived. Plasmodium DNA was amplified from the abdomen of three C. sasai specimens having an avian blood meal from the Great Tit (Parus major), Pale Thrush (Turdus pallidus), and Jungle Crow (Corvus macrorhynchos). This is the first field study on host-feeding habits of C. sasai in relation to the potential role as a vector for avian malaria parasites transmitted in the Japanese wild bird community.


Assuntos
Sangue/parasitologia , Culex/parasitologia , Malária Aviária/parasitologia , Plasmodium/isolamento & purificação , Aedes/parasitologia , Animais , Bovinos , Corvos/parasitologia , DNA de Protozoário/química , DNA de Protozoário/genética , Feminino , Trato Gastrointestinal/parasitologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Oocistos , Passeriformes/parasitologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Aves Domésticas/parasitologia , Saliva/parasitologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Aves Canoras/parasitologia , Esporozoítos , Tóquio
3.
Vet Microbiol ; 129(3-4): 404-9, 2008 Jun 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18242014

RESUMO

Between April 2001 and 2007, 18 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis outbreaks occurred in breeding monkeys at 12 zoological gardens in Japan, and 28 monkeys of 8 species died. A total of 18 Y. pseudotuberculosis strains from the dead monkeys, comprising one strain per outbreak, were examined for serotype and the presence of the virulence genes virF, inv, ypm (ypmA, ypmB and ypmC) and irp2. Of the 18 Y. pseudotuberculosis strains, 7 (38.9%) were serotype 4b, 7 (38.9%) were serotype 1b, and there was one each of serotypes 2b, 3, 6 and 7. All the 18 strains examined harbored virF and inv. Sixteen (88.9%) strains, including the strain of serotype 7, harbored ypmA. However, no strain harbored ypmB, ypmC and irp2. This study demonstrated that among other pathogenic factors, almost all the Y. pseudotuberculosis isolated from the outbreaks had the ypm gene encoding the superantigenic toxin, YPM. As most of the monkeys who died in those outbreaks originated from South America and other regions, where the presence of the ypm gene have not been reported, YPM might be the cause, or at least the most important factor for, the high mortality of the breeding monkeys infected by Y. pseudotuberculosis in Japan. This is also the first report of a fatal case due to Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype 7 infection in the world.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Haplorrinos , Doenças dos Macacos/microbiologia , Infecções por Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/veterinária , Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/patogenicidade , Animais , Animais de Zoológico , Feminino , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Doenças dos Macacos/epidemiologia , Sorotipagem , Especificidade da Espécie , Virulência/genética , Fatores de Virulência/genética , Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/classificação , Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/genética , Infecções por Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/epidemiologia , Infecções por Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/microbiologia
4.
J Vet Med Sci ; 70(11): 1159-64, 2008 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19057132

RESUMO

A total of 230 Salmonella isolates representing 33 serotypes originated from food (pork, beef, chicken meat, duck meat, and shrimp), domestic animals (pig, chicken, and duck), and human (children with diarrhea) in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam were examined for the antimicrobial resistance to 10 antibiotics. Of the 230 Salmonella isolates examined, 49 (21.3%) showed antimicrobial resistance. Thirty-eight isolates (16.5%) were resistant to oxytetracycline, 26 (11.3%) to chloramphenicol, 17 (7.4%) to nalidixic acid, 16 (7.0%) to streptomycin, 5 (2.2%) to kanamycin, and 4 (1.7%) to ampicillin. No isolate showed resistance to gentamicin, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin. Among the resistant isolates, nineteen isolates were resistant to one antimicrobial agent, 10 to two, 15 to three, 3 to four, and 2 to five antimicrobial agents. The resistance rate of Salmonella isolates from the Mekong Delta, Vietnam to these antimicrobial agents seems to be relatively lower than the results of developed countries and even those of the neighboring countries.


Assuntos
Animais Domésticos/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Salmonella/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Artemia/microbiologia , Galinhas/microbiologia , Criança , Diarreia/microbiologia , Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos , Patos/microbiologia , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Humanos , Carne/microbiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Suínos/microbiologia
5.
Int Immunopharmacol ; 6(2): 234-40, 2006 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16399628

RESUMO

Synthetic peptides, Arg-Leu-Tyr-Leu-Arg-Ile-Gly-Arg-Arg-NH2 (peptide A) and Arg-Leu-Arg-Leu-Arg-Ile-Gly-Arg-Arg-NH2 (peptide B), derived from the beetle Allomyrina dichotoma defensin, have not only antimicrobial activities but also anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting tumour necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha) production. In the present study, we evaluated the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding activities and the protective effects of these peptides on LPS-induced lethal shock in d-galactosamine (GalN)-sensitized mice. These peptides were shown to bind to erythrocytes coated with LPS and the binding activity of peptide A to LPS was significantly higher than those of peptide B and polymyxin B. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with peptide A or B at doses of 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg before an injection of Salmonella abortusequi LPS (5 microg/kg) and GalN (1 g/kg) (LPS+GalN). All of wild-type mice died within 24 h after challenged with LPS+GalN. All of TNF-alpha-deficient mice challenged with LPS+GalN survived. An injection of peptide A immediately after challenge with LPS+GalN resulted in significantly improved survival rates in a dose dependent manner. Peptide B showed only minor protection. The levels of TNF-alpha in the ameliorated mice by peptide A were significantly lower than those of challenge control, suggesting a suppressive effect of peptide A on TNF-alpha production. Furthermore, peptide A-treated mice showed significantly lower levels of asparate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase when compared to challenge control. Concordantly, hemorrhage and necrosis in the liver of peptide A-treated mice were less apparent than those of untreated control mice. These results suggest that peptide A has a protective effect on LPS-induced mortality in this mouse model.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Besouros/química , Defensinas/uso terapêutico , Peptídeos/uso terapêutico , Choque Séptico/tratamento farmacológico , Aglutinação , Animais , Antibacterianos/química , Defensinas/química , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Galactosamina/farmacologia , Hemorragia/sangue , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Rim/patologia , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Fígado/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Necrose , Peptídeos/química , Salmonella/química , Choque Séptico/patologia , Análise de Sobrevida , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/biossíntese
6.
Int Immunopharmacol ; 6(11): 1748-53, 2006 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16979131

RESUMO

Synthetic peptides, peptides A (Arg-Leu-Tyr-Leu-Arg-Ile-Gly-Arg-Arg-NH(2)) and B (Arg-Leu-Arg-Leu-Arg-Ile-Gly-Arg-Arg-NH(2)), derived from the beetle Allomyrina dichotoma defensin, have antimicrobial activities. Immunotoxicological effect of these peptides was evaluated by cytotoxicity of mouse peritoneal macrophages. In addition, antigenicity of these peptides was studied by evaluating antibody responses in mice immunized with these peptides. The toxicity of peptide A toward mouse peritoneal cells was less than that of polymyxin B, when morphologically evaluated in a cytotoxicity test. Almost all of mice injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with either peptide A or B at 50-150 mg/kg survived, whereas all mice injected i.p. with polymyxin B at the doses of more than 25 mg/kg died within 24 h. Interestingly, almost all of mice injected intravenously with these peptides at the doses of 10 and 25 mg/kg also survived. Furthermore, mice immunized with these peptides conjugated with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) showed little or negligible anti-peptide A or B antibody production, although anti-KLH antibody was significantly produced. The results indicated that peptides A and B were less cytotoxic than polymyxin B and also had poor antigenicity to produce specific antibody in mice.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Defensinas/química , Oligopeptídeos/farmacologia , Animais , Anticorpos/imunologia , Antígenos/imunologia , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Besouros , Feminino , Hemocianinas/imunologia , Imunização , Macrófagos Peritoneais/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Oligopeptídeos/imunologia
7.
J Vet Med Sci ; 67(10): 1005-11, 2005 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16276056

RESUMO

Anti-bacterial activity of two synthesized oligopeptides, RLYLRIGRR-NH2 (peptide A) and RLRLRIGRR-NH2 (peptide B), both which based on a putative active site of defensin, an anti-bacterial peptide from the beetle Allomyrina dichotoma, was examined by macroscopic and histopathologic assessment during the course of infection in mice inoculated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in vivo. Both peptides A and B decreased the mortality of mice inoculated with MRSA. Peptides A and B decreased the macroscopical and histopathological lesions by MRSA infection in mice even seven days after the challenge. The anti-bacterial activity of peptides A and B has a therapeutic effect on MRSA infection in mice even seven days after being challenged.


Assuntos
Besouros/química , Oligopeptídeos/farmacologia , Oligopeptídeos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Cães/microbiologia , Rim/patologia , Masculino , Resistência a Meticilina/fisiologia , Camundongos , Pênis/patologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/mortalidade , Infecções Estafilocócicas/patologia , Staphylococcus aureus/fisiologia
8.
Dev Comp Immunol ; 27(2): 159-66, 2003 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12543129

RESUMO

The germinal center (GC) develops after antigenic stimulation and is thought to occur at the site of various immune responses. We separated a single GC from chicken spleen after antigenic stimulation. Flow cytometric analysis of the cells derived from a single GC and RT-PCR analysis of Ig mRNA expression in GC was performed. Direct evidence indicates that: (1) there was a considerable difference in the cell population of each GC, (2) the ratio of CD3(+) cells in a GC remains constant at 10-20%, (3) the highest proportion of sIgY(+) cells in a GC occurs 1 week after the time of highest proportion of sIgM(+) cells, and (4) RT-PCR analysis was used to detect IgY mRNA expression in a GC. The continuous existence of CD3(+) cells, the alterations in sIgM(+) and sIgY(+) cell ratios, and the expression of IgY mRNA strongly suggest that Ig class switching occurs in the GC during an immune response.


Assuntos
Galinhas/imunologia , Centro Germinativo/imunologia , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos B/análise , Baço/imunologia , Animais , Imunização , Imunoglobulina M/análise , Imunoglobulinas/análise , Imuno-Histoquímica , Hibridização In Situ , RNA Mensageiro/análise , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa
9.
Int Immunopharmacol ; 4(1): 71-7, 2004 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14975361

RESUMO

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) extract (SCE) on the immune system of X-ray immunosuppressed chickens. SCE (500 mg/kg/day) was administrated into the crop of 3-week-old chickens for three consecutive days before or after irradiation. The results indicated that administration of SCE before or after whole body X-ray irradiation enhanced both primary and secondary immune responses in chickens immunized with sheep red blood cells and Brucella abortus (BA) as well as cell-mediated immunity measured by delayed type hypersensitivity to human gamma-globulin.


Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/farmacologia , Tolerância Imunológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Lesões Experimentais por Radiação/tratamento farmacológico , Saccharum , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Brucella abortus/imunologia , Bolsa de Fabricius/patologia , Bolsa de Fabricius/efeitos da radiação , Galinhas , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/imunologia , Tolerância Imunológica/efeitos da radiação , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Lesões Experimentais por Radiação/imunologia , Baço/patologia , Baço/efeitos da radiação , Timo/patologia , Timo/efeitos da radiação , Irradiação Corporal Total , Raios X , gama-Globulinas/imunologia
10.
Int Immunopharmacol ; 4(8): 983-90, 2004 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15222973

RESUMO

Effects of oral administration of sugar cane extract (SCE) on immunosuppression in chickens treated with cyclophosphamide (CPA) were evaluated. Three-week-old inbred chickens were inoculated into the crop with SCE (500 mg/kg/day) for three consecutive days before or after injection of CPA 12 or 20 mg/chicken. At the last day of SCE or CPA treatment, all chickens were immunized intravenously with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and Brucella abortus (BA). Chickens administered SCE showed a significant increase in body weight, gain in body weight/day, relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius and antibody responses to SRBC and BA than untreated control chickens. Chickens injected with CPA alone showed significantly decreased body weight, gain in body weight/day, relative weight of the bursa and antibody responses to SRBC and BA, showing immunosuppression in the bursa-dependent immune system. All chickens administered SCE before or after the treatment with CPA showed significantly higher values in body weight, gain in body weight/day, relative bursal weight and antibody responses to both antigens, when compared to chickens treated with CPA alone. In histological examination, chickens administered SCE showed a typical bursa with well constituted follicles, although chickens treated with CPA alone showed a severely atrophied bursa with rudimentary follicles and enormous proliferation of interfollicular connective tissue. Chickens treated with SCE and CPA showed a well-reconstituted bursa with almost normal structure. These results suggest that SCE has functionally and morphologically reconstituting effects on the bursa-dependent immune system in immunosuppressed chickens induced by injection of CPA.


Assuntos
Galinhas/imunologia , Ciclofosfamida/efeitos adversos , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Fitoterapia , Saccharum/química , Administração Oral , Animais , Formação de Anticorpos/efeitos dos fármacos , Brucella abortus/imunologia , Bolsa de Fabricius/efeitos dos fármacos , Bolsa de Fabricius/patologia , Eritrócitos/imunologia , Imunização , Injeções Intramusculares , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Ovinos , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/patologia , Aumento de Peso/efeitos dos fármacos
11.
J Vet Med Sci ; 64(4): 377-9, 2002 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12014586

RESUMO

3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation assay has been generally used to measure lymphocyte proliferation in the chicken. Disadvantages of this assay are that radioisotope is biological hazard to the person and environment and that it can not measure which subset of lymphocytes proliferates. In this study, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay by flow cytometry was compared with 3H-TdR incorporation assay. As a result, BrdU incorporation assay showed a strong correlation with 3H-TdR incorporation assay, and it could be applied simultaneously to detect BrdU incorporation and expression of cell surface marker antigens. These results suggest that the BrdU incorporation assay by flow cytometry is useful to analyze lymphocyte proliferation in detail.


Assuntos
Bromodesoxiuridina/metabolismo , Galinhas/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Linfócitos/imunologia , Animais , Divisão Celular/fisiologia , Galinhas/metabolismo , Concanavalina A/imunologia , Citometria de Fluxo/veterinária , Linfócitos/citologia , Linfócitos/metabolismo , Mitógenos de Phytolacca americana/imunologia , Timidina/metabolismo
12.
J Vet Med Sci ; 65(1): 35-42, 2003 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12576702

RESUMO

It has been suggested that the sympathetic nervous system communicates with lymphocytes expressing cell surface receptors for neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine (NE), on the basis of the finding that neurotransmitters modify immune responses in mammalian species. We confirmed that chicken lymphocytes in the brusa of Fabricius, thymus and spleen expressed beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) mRNA from embryonic day (E) 10 and that intracellular cAMP level was elevated by NE, suggesting that lymphocytes express functional beta-AR on their surface at an early embryonal stage. To clarify whether the nervous system is involved in the development of the immune system, the effects of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), one of sympathectomizing agents, on chicken lymphocytes was investigated. A single injection of 6-OHDA at a dose of 400 microg into a chicken embryo was carried out at E7 or 14 (as referred to E7 group and E14 group, respectively). NE level and the relative proportion of Bu-1a(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells in the spleen of 3-week-old chickens were not altered by 6-OHDA treatment. However, the proliferative responses and expression of IL-2 mRNA in spleen cells cultured with pokeweed mitogen were reduced in E7 group compared with those of control. Furthermore, in CD8(+) spleen cells of E14 group of 3-week-old chickens, the expression of beta-AR mRNA and the relative increase of intracellular cAMP stimulated with NE were significantly decreased. These results suggest that the sympathetic nervous system affects the development of the immune system.


Assuntos
Sistema Imunitário/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Imunitário/embriologia , Oxidopamina/farmacologia , Sistema Nervoso Simpático/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Nervoso Simpático/fisiologia , Adrenérgicos/farmacologia , Animais , Bolsa de Fabricius/efeitos dos fármacos , Bolsa de Fabricius/embriologia , Bolsa de Fabricius/imunologia , Bolsa de Fabricius/inervação , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Embrião de Galinha , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Dopamina/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Sistema Imunitário/imunologia , Sistema Imunitário/inervação , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos/citologia , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta/genética , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/embriologia , Baço/imunologia , Baço/inervação , Timo/efeitos dos fármacos , Timo/embriologia , Timo/imunologia , Timo/inervação
13.
J Vet Med Sci ; 65(1): 117-9, 2003 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12576716

RESUMO

The effects of sugar cane extracts (SCE) on immune responses in chickens were studied. Two- or 10-month-old chickens orally administered SCE (500 mg/kg/day), for 3 consecutive days before immunized with sheep red blood cells, Brucella abortus and Salmonella Enteritidis organisms, showed significantly increased and prolonged antibody responses to these antigens, compared to control chickens without SCE. Furthermore, chickens orally administered SCE also revealed enhanced delayed type hypersensitivity responses to human gamma globulin. These results indicated that SCE has immunostimulating and adjuvant effects in chickens.


Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos , Brucella abortus/imunologia , Galinhas/imunologia , Eritrócitos/imunologia , Extratos Vegetais/imunologia , Poaceae/imunologia , Salmonella enteritidis/imunologia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Envelhecimento , Animais , Anticorpos/imunologia , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/imunologia , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Ovinos
14.
J Vet Med Sci ; 64(11): 1061-3, 2002 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12499696

RESUMO

Polymorphonuclear cells of the peripheral blood in the chicken significantly increased their phagocytosis when cultured with sugar cane extract (SCE; 250-1,000 microg/ml) for 24 hr. Chickens orally administered SCE (500 mg/kg/day) for 3 or 6 consecutive days at 1 week of age showed significantly higher body weight and gain in body weight/day and a lower food conversion ratio within the growing period of 6 weeks than physiological saline-administered control chickens. Furthermore, oral administration of SCE also resulted in significantly higher immune responses against sheep red blood cells and Brucella abortus. These results suggest that SCE has immunostimulating and growth promoting effects in chickens.


Assuntos
Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Galinhas/imunologia , Extratos Vegetais/imunologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Saccharum/química , Animais , Brucella abortus/imunologia , Células Cultivadas , Eritrócitos/imunologia , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Fagocitose/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Ovinos , Aumento de Peso/efeitos dos fármacos
15.
J Vet Med Sci ; 65(8): 865-71, 2003 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12951418

RESUMO

The effects of oral administration of sugar cane extracts (SCE) on Eimeria tenella oocysts infection in chickens were studied with 2 different experiments. In Experiment 1, 3-week-old inbred chickens (MHC; H.B15) were inoculated into the crop with SCE (500 mg/kg/day) for 1 day or 3 consecutive days, and then challenged with E. tenella sporulated oocysts (2 x 10(4) cells/chicken). In Experiment 2, 1-week-old chickens were orally administered SCE at the same dose for 3 consecutive days, and then initially infected with E. tenella sporulated oocysts (2 x 10(3) cells/chicken). At 2 and 3 weeks of age, these chickens were immunized intravenously with the mixed antigens of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and Brucella abortus (BA). At 4 weeks of age, chickens were challenged with E. tenella sporulated oocysts (1 x 10(5)/chicken). Challenged chickens with E. tenella oocysts showed markedly decreased body weight gain/day, severe hemorrhage and great number of shedding oocysts in feces and high lesion scores. Oral administration of SCE and initial infection with oocysts (2 x 10 (3)/chicken) resulted in a remarkable improvement in body weight gain/day, hemorrhage, the number of shedding oocysts and lesion score, compare to other infected groups. In addition, SCE-inoculated chickens with the initial infection showed a significant increase in antibody responses against SRBC and BA and also improvement in decreased relative proportions of Bu-1a(+) and CD4( )cells in cecal tonsil lymphocytes of E. tenella-challenged chickens. Cecal tissues of chickens administered SCE and initially infected with E. tenella oocysts showed lower numbers of schizonts, gametocytes and oocysts than those of infected control chickens. These results suggest that SCE have immunostimulating and protective effects against E. tenella infection in chickens.


Assuntos
Coccidiose/veterinária , Eimeria tenella , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/parasitologia , Administração Oral , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Galinhas , Coccidiose/tratamento farmacológico , Eimeria tenella/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/tratamento farmacológico , Sacarose/uso terapêutico
16.
J Vet Med Sci ; 66(2): 137-42, 2004 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15031540

RESUMO

The novel peptides based on a putative active site of defensin, an anti-bacterial peptide from the beetle Allomyrina dichotoma, were synthesized. These synthetic oligopeptides exhibited strong anti-bacterial activity in vitro, even against antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Then, anti-bacterial activity of two newly synthesized peptides, RLYLRIGRR-NH(2) (peptide A) and RLRLRIGRR-NH(2) (peptide B) was also examined by macroscopic and histopathologic assessment during the course of infection in mice inoculated with antibiotic-resistant pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) in vivo. Peptide B decreased the mortality of mice inoculated with antibiotic-resistant pathogenic E. coli. The results of macroscopic and histopathologic examinations revealed that peptide B could protect the mice from infection. In contrast, peptide A failed to protect mice from infection with antibiotic-resistant pathogenic E. coli. Also, modified peptides A and B produced no toxicity or side effects in mice. These results suggest that peptide B is useful for developing novel antibiotics against antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria.


Assuntos
Infecções por Escherichia coli/tratamento farmacológico , Oligopeptídeos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Besouros/química , Defensinas/química , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Imuno-Histoquímica , Camundongos , Resistência a Tetraciclina
17.
J Vet Med Sci ; 66(3): 319-22, 2004 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15107566

RESUMO

We previously reported that synthetic peptides, RLYLRIGRR-NH2 (peptide A) and RLRLRIGRR-NH2 (peptide B), derived from the beetle Allomyrina dichotoma defensin, showed antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and negative bacteria and suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA expression in a murine macrophage cell line. In this study, inhibitory effects of these peptides in LPS-induced mouse peritoneal macrophage activation were investigated. The supplement of peptide A to macrophages cultured with LPS resulted in a significant decrease in nitric oxide and TNF-alpha production. Furthermore, NF-kappaB activation was also blocked by addition of peptide A. These results indicated that peptide A blocked macrophage activation induced by LPS.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Besouros/química , Defensinas/farmacologia , Macrófagos Peritoneais/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Lipopolissacarídeos , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo
18.
Exp Anim ; 60(2): 101-9, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21512265

RESUMO

To investigate the usefulness of the immunopotentiator from Pantoea agglomerans 1 (IP-PA1) as a supportive drug in melanoma therapy, we analyzed the immunological effects of IP-PA1 on melanoma-inoculated model mice. Oral administration of IP-PA1 increased the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α at 2 h after the administration and interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-12 at 12 h after the administration in naïve BALB/cCrSlc mice as evaluated by ELISA. IP-PA1 did not affect the proliferation of melanoma cells directly determined by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Combinatory treatment of IP-PA1 with doxorubicin for 9 days increased the serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-12 by 71.0 and 15.3%, respectively, compared to the treatment of doxorubicin alone in melanoma-bearing C57BL/6NCrSlc mice as evaluated by ELISA. It also increased the proportion of natural killer (NK) cells and the ratio of CD4(+) to CD8(+) T cells in the spleen from 6.1 ± 0.3 to 7.4 ± 0.5% and from 1.25 ± 0.03 to 1.38 ± 0.04, respectively, compared to the treatment of doxorubicin alone as analyzed by flow cytometry. The mean survival period of melanoma-bearing, doxorubicin treated mice was prolonged from 31.4 ± 7.1 to 35.3 ± 8.4, 51.1 ± 5.4, and 45.0 ± 8.4 days by combinatory treatment of IP-PA1 at the daily doses of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg, respectively. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest the usefulness of IP-PA1 as a supportive drug in melanoma therapy.


Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Lipopolissacarídeos/uso terapêutico , Melanoma Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Pantoea/química , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Animais , Relação CD4-CD8 , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Interferon gama/sangue , Interleucina-12/sangue , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Lipopolissacarídeos/administração & dosagem , Melanoma Experimental/imunologia , Melanoma Experimental/mortalidade , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Neoplasias Cutâneas/imunologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/mortalidade , Baço/imunologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue
19.
Anticancer Res ; 30(8): 3113-8, 2010 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20871028

RESUMO

Immunopotentiator from Pantoea agglomerans 1 (IP-PA1), an edible lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from symbiotic bacteria in crops, is a promising immunomodulator. It activates macrophages and protects from chemotherapeutic agent-induced growth inhibition in macrophages in vitro. We showed the immune-recovery effects of IP-PA1 in a chicken model of dexamethasone-induced stress in which IP-PA1 inhibited thymic and bursal atrophy and improved antibody production in response to vaccination. Furthermore, we showed IP-PA1 improved survival of melanoma-bearing, doxorubicin-treated mice, although not directly affecting the proliferation of melanoma cells, dominantly through the improvement of host antitumor immunity. These results suggest that IP-PA1 could have other possible applications in the treatment of various immunosuppression-related disorders in humans and animals.


Assuntos
Doenças do Sistema Imunitário/tratamento farmacológico , Lipopolissacarídeos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Dexametasona/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Doenças do Sistema Imunitário/induzido quimicamente , Doenças do Sistema Imunitário/etiologia , Imunossupressores/administração & dosagem , Camundongos , Neoplasias/imunologia , Neoplasias/fisiopatologia , Estresse Fisiológico
20.
Anticancer Res ; 30(6): 2033-40, 2010 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20651348

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The immunopotentiator from Pantoea agglomerans 1 (IP-PA1) is an edible lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from symbiotic bacteria found in crops. IP-PA1 is known to ameliorate chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression; therefore, its macrophage-activating effect in the presence of chemotherapeutic agents was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation in IP-PA1-treated RAW264 and J774.1 cells was examined using Western blot analyses; Griess assay and ELISA were used to examine the production of nitric oxide and tumour necrosis factor alpha, respectively. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins was also assessed using Western blot analyses. The effect of IP-PA1 on doxorubicin-induced apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry after annexin-V staining. The growth of macrophages treated with chemotherapeutic agents and IP-PA1 was analyzed using an MTT assay. RESULTS: IP-PA1 activated NF-kappaB and ameliorated chemotherapy induced growth inhibition in the cells. CONCLUSION: IP-PA1 is an edible drug that can potentially support chemotherapy by ameliorating chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression.


Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/toxicidade , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Pantoea/química , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/fisiologia , Camundongos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/análise , Proteína bcl-X/análise
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