RESUMO
In recent years, many studies have focused their attention on the dog as a proper animal model for human cancer. In dogs, mammary tumors develop spontaneously, involving a complex interplay between tumor cells and the immune system and revealing several molecular and clinical similarities to human breast cancer. In this review, we summarized the major features of canine mammary tumor, risk factors, and the most important biomarkers used for diagnosis and treatment. Traditional therapy of mammary tumors in dogs includes surgery, which is the first choice, followed by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or hormonal therapy. However, these therapeutic strategies may not always be sufficient on their own; advancements in understanding cancer mechanisms and the development of innovative treatments offer hope for improved outcomes for oncologic patients. There is still a growing interest in the use of personalized medicine, which should play an irreplaceable role in the research not only in human cancer therapy, but also in veterinary oncology. Moreover, immunotherapy may represent a novel and promising therapeutic option in canine mammary cancers. The study of novel therapeutic approaches is essential for future research in both human and veterinary oncology.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Doenças do Cão , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais , Cães , Humanos , Animais , Feminino , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Biomarcadores , Imunoterapia , Doenças do Cão/patologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the sedative and immobilization effect of intranasal administration (INS) of midazolam (MID) without or with INS dexmedetomidine (DXM), and some physiological changes induced by the drugs. The ability of INS atipamezole to reverse the DXM component was also assessed. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective 'blinded' experimental study. ANIMALS: In total, 15 pigeons. METHODS: Pigeons were sedated by INS MID alone at a dose of 5 mg kg(-1) (group MID, n = 6) or in combination with INS DXM at a dose 80 µg kg(-1) (group MID-DXM, n = 6). Measurements were made of heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR ) and cloacal temperature (CT). The degree of sedation was assessed at 15 minutes prior to, immediately after, and at intervals until 100 minutes after drug administrations. Following MID-DXM, INS atipamezole (250 µg kg(-1) ) was administered and the same indices measured 5 and 10 minutes later. RESULTS: MID had no effect on HR and fR , and although CT decreased, it remained within physiological range. MID-DXM caused significant falls in HR, fR and CT that persisted until the end of sedation. Atipamezole antagonized sedation and cardiorespiratory side effects of MID-DXM within 10 minutes of application. In addition, for MID compared to MID-DXM, the lowest sedation scores [10 (7-14) and 10.5 (5-14) versus 2 (1-4) and 2 (1-5)] were achieved in the 10th and 20th minute versus the 20th and 30th minute of the sedation, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: MID alone, given INS had minimal side effects on vital functions but caused inadequate immobilization of pigeons for restraint in dorsal recumbency. MID-DXM caused an effective degree of immobilization from 20 to 30 minutes after administration, at which time birds tolerated postural changes without resistance. Atipamezole antagonized both side effects and sedation, but complete recovery had not occurred within 10 minutes after its application.
Assuntos
Anestésicos Combinados/administração & dosagem , Columbidae , Sedação Profunda/veterinária , Dexmedetomidina , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/administração & dosagem , Imidazóis/uso terapêutico , Imobilização/veterinária , Midazolam , Administração Intranasal/veterinária , Animais , Temperatura Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Sedação Profunda/métodos , Dexmedetomidina/administração & dosagem , Dexmedetomidina/antagonistas & inibidores , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/antagonistas & inibidores , Imobilização/métodos , Midazolam/administração & dosagem , Midazolam/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
For several years, alpha klotho has been considered as a candidate biomarker in chronic kidney disease (CKD), progression of CKD and CKD mineral bone disorders (CKD-MBD). The evidence on the relationship between klotho and kidney function is controversial in some areas. The aim of the study was to identify the influence of age, sex and breed on urinary alpha klotho, values in the early stages of CKD within the studied population and determine a reference interval in a group of healthy dogs. Significantly higher values were measured in older dogs over 6 years old (p = 0.026, p = 0.0007) and in the breed German Shepherd than Belgian Shepherd (p = 0.0401). On the basis of sex and in small breed dogs, no significant differences were noted. In dogs with CKD stage 2, alpha klotho values were significantly lower (p = 0.0135) than in healthy dogs. Within the studied population, a reference interval for urinary klotho to creatinine ratio (UrKl/Cr) was determined in the range of 3.94-23.55 pg/gCr. Since our findings show that alpha klotho is associated with older age, we assume that this may have influenced the results in the group of dogs with CKD stage 1 due to the presence of predominantly old dogs in this group. Future studies would be needed to consider age as a factor affecting urinary alpha klotho in dogs with CKD.
RESUMO
Serum and urinary uromodulin are evaluated as potential biomarkers of kidney disease. The aim of our research was to select a more appropriate form of uromodulin for the diagnosis of early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We also focused on the influence of age and gender in one breed on uromodulin and on the possible interbreed differences. Serum uromodulin had the lowest values in dogs younger than 2 years but no effect of gender, breed, or CKD was observed. Urinary uromodulin indexed to urinary creatinine was significantly reduced in dogs in stage 2 of CKD (p = 0.003) in contrast to uromodulin converted to urine specific gravity. Urinary uromodulin with both corrections was significantly lower in Belgian shepherds compared to German shepherds (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0054) but was not influenced by gender or age. In stage 1 of CKD, urinary uromodulin correlated with kidney disease markers SDMA (p = 0.0424, p = 0.0214) and UPC (p = 0.0050, p = 0.0024). Urinary uromodulin appears to be more associated with CKD than serum uromodulin. Further studies with a larger number of patients are needed for the suitability of urinary uromodulin as a marker of early-stage disease.
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Objective This study aimed to compare microfracture and application of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) by local adherent technique enhanced by platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to provide a new approach for the repair of cartilage defect. Design Full-thickness cylindrical defects were created in the medial femoral condyle in 9 New Zealand White rabbits (5 months old, 4.65 ± 0.20 kg). Two groups of rabbits ( n = 3) were either treated with ADSCs (Group 1) or the microfracture technique (Group 2) following intraarticular injection of PRP 3 times in weekly intervals. Rabbits in control group ( n = 3) remained untreated. The outcome was assessed macroscopically, histologically, and immunohistochemically. Results At the end of week 12, Group 1 showed better defect filling compared with Group 2. Specimens treated with the combination of ADSCs and PRP exhibited significant differences from the other groups in all criteria of International Cartilage Repair Society macroscopic scoring system. Conclusions Intraarticular injection of autologous PRP in combination with transplantation of autologous ADSCs by local adherent technique enhances the quality of cartilage defect repair with better results in comparison with microfracture surgery in a rabbit model.
Assuntos
Doenças das Cartilagens/terapia , Fraturas de Estresse , Transplante de Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/métodos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Procedimentos Ortopédicos/métodos , Animais , Doenças das Cartilagens/patologia , Terapia Combinada , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Injeções Intra-Articulares , Articulação do Joelho/patologia , Plasma Rico em Plaquetas , CoelhosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to evaluate, from a histological point of view, the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) with combined low-level laser therapy (LLLT)/light- emitting diode (LED) on porcine skin wound healing. BACKGROUND DATA: Most LLLT/LED wound healing studies have been performed on various types of rat models, with their inherent limitations. Minipigs are evolutionary and physiologically closer to humans than rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: With the animals under general anesthesia, one full-thickness skin incision was performed on the back of each minipig (n = 10) and immediately closed using simple interrupted percutaneous sutures. The minipigs were randomly allocated into two groups: a PBM-treated group (LLLT λ = 685 nm, LED λ = 470 nm, both light sources producing power densities at 0.008 W/cm2; each light source delivering total daily doses of 3.36 J/cm2) and a sham-irradiated control group. Half of the animals in each group were killed on postoperative day 3, and the other half were killed on the postoperative day 7, and samples were removed for histological examination. RESULTS: Combined red and blue PBM accelerated the process of re-epithelization and formation of cross-linked collagen fibers compared with sham irradiated control wounds. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that the current dose of combined red and blue PBM improves the healing of sutured skin incisions in minipigs.
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Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Pele/lesões , Cicatrização/fisiologia , Animais , Feminino , Pele/patologia , Suínos , Porco MiniaturaRESUMO
Avian osteoblasts have been isolated particularly from chicken embryo, but data about other functional tissue sources of adult avian osteoblast precursors are missing. The method of preparation of pigeon osteoblasts is described in this study. We demonstrate that pigeon cancellous bone derived osteoblasts have particular proliferative capacity in vitro in comparison to mammalian species and developed endogenous ALP. Calcium deposits formation in vitro was confirmed by alizarin red staining. Only a few studies have attempted to investigate bone grafting and treatment of bone loss in birds. Lack of autologous bone grafts in birds has prompted investigation into the use of avian xenografts for bone augmentation. Here we present a method of xenografting of ostrich demineralised cancellous bone scaffold seeded with allogeneic adult pigeon osteoblasts. Ostrich demineralised cancellous bone scaffold supported proliferation of pigeon osteoblasts during two weeks of co - cultivation in vitro. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated homogeneous adult pigeon osteoblasts attachment and distribution on the surface of xenogeneic ostrich demineralised cancellous bone. Our preliminary in vitro results indicate that demineralised cancellous bone from ostrich tibia could provide an effective biological support for growth and proliferation of allogeneic osteoblasts derived from cancellous bone of pigeons.