RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Benzodiazepines are the conventional mainstay to manage alcohol withdrawal; however, patients are subsequently at increased risk for poor sleep, cravings, and return to drinking. Research on alternative pharmacologic agents to facilitate safe alcohol withdrawal is scant. Gabapentin is one medication shown in small studies to reduce the need for benzodiazepines in the setting of alcohol withdrawal. The continuation of gabapentin after alcohol withdrawal appears to be safe during early sobriety and may aid in reducing alcohol-related cravings or returning to alcohol consumption. Use of a gabapentin-based, benzodiazepine-sparing protool began in early 2015 by the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Service. OBJECTIVE: A retrospective chart review was conducted to detect any safety concerns with use of a gabapentin protocol for alcohol withdrawal syndrome. METHODS: Secondary outcomes were derived by comparing a matched cohort of patients who received benzodiazepines for alcohol withdrawal syndrome. RESULTS: Seventy-seven patients had their alcohol withdrawal managed via a gabapentin protocol during the study period. No patients required transfer to a higher level of care or had a documented withdrawal seizure. Length of stay between the gabapentin protocol group and benzodiazepine group were similar. CONCLUSION: This preliminary data has supported the frequent use of this protocol in the general internal medicine practice and formalization of an institutional order set of this protocol for mild to moderate alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Prospective studies are required to validate findings.
Assuntos
Etanol/efeitos adversos , Antagonistas de Aminoácidos Excitatórios/uso terapêutico , Gabapentina/uso terapêutico , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias/tratamento farmacológico , Benzodiazepinas/uso terapêutico , Esquema de Medicação , Antagonistas de Aminoácidos Excitatórios/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Gabapentina/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: With a complex pharmacologic profile, mirtazapine may promote sleep, stimulate appetite, improve nausea, and reduce pain. Some practitioners working on the Mayo Clinic inpatient psychiatric consultation/liaison service have recommended mirtazapine in medically ill patients with or without formal psychiatric comorbidity to target these symptoms. OBJECTIVE: To assess the success of this practice, we conducted a retrospective chart review covering a 4.5-year period. METHODS: For patients recommended to start mirtazapine, global improvement in specific symptoms and suspected side effects were recorded. RESULTS: During the study period, 528 medically ill patients started mirtazapine following a recommendation from the psychiatric consultation service. In total, 475 patients were provided mirtazapine to specifically target sleep, nausea, pain, or appetite. There was documented improvement in these symptoms for 37.7%, 37.0%, 36.4%, and 23.5% of the patients, respectively. These rates of improvement are conservative for the 229 patients without documented response, i.e., 48% of the patients who were given the medication for a somatic symptom were counted as having no improvement. Commonly documented adverse effects were daytime sedation (5.3%), worsening mental status (2.3%), and nightmares (1%). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the limitations of this retrospective, qualitative study, these data confirm that mirtazapine is generally well tolerated and can provide at least short-term relief of certain symptoms in medically ill patients. Controlled trials are needed to assess these benefits more systematically, and it is not clear how long mirtazapine should be used for these symptoms.
Assuntos
Anorexia/tratamento farmacológico , Antidepressivos Tricíclicos/uso terapêutico , Mianserina/análogos & derivados , Náusea/tratamento farmacológico , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Masculino , Mianserina/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mirtazapina , Psiquiatria , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Estudos RetrospectivosAssuntos
Encefalopatias/complicações , Encefalopatias/psicologia , Transtorno Depressivo/complicações , Derivação Gástrica , Hiperamonemia/psicologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/psicologia , Adulto , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Encefalopatias/diagnóstico , Carnitina/uso terapêutico , Transtorno Depressivo/diagnóstico , Transtorno Depressivo/terapia , Eletroencefalografia , Feminino , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Hiperamonemia/complicações , Hiperamonemia/tratamento farmacológico , Lactulose/uso terapêutico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Rifaximina/uso terapêutico , Punção EspinalRESUMO
The medical benefits to youth conferred by physical activity, balanced nutrition, and quality sleep have been increasingly encouraged by medical and mental health providers. Emerging evidence continues to reveal benefits for youth mental health and well-being, including for youth with psychiatric disorders. This evidence seems multifactorial through both neurobiological and psychosocial systems, with common mechanisms present between physical activity, nutrition, and sleep. This article reviews the benefits of optimizing physical activity, nutrition, and sleep; how to assess these lifestyle domains with patients and their parents; and appropriate interventions to optimize well-being in youth.