Ahniella affigens gen. nov., sp. nov., a gammaproteobacterium isolated from sandy soil near a stream.

A bacterial strain, designated D13T, was isolated from sandy soil near a stream in Sinan-gun, Republic of Korea. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and flexible rod-shaped. Growth occurred at 15-35 °C (optimum 30 °C) and pH 6.5-8.0 (pH 7.0). NaCl was not obligatory for growth but could be tolerated at up to 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain D13T was 57.7 mol% and a phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain D13T formed a distinct evolutionary lineage within the family Rhodanobacteraceae of the order Lysobacterales. Strain D13T showed highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity to Lysobacter hankyongensis KTCe-2T (92.7 %), followed by Luteimonas cucumeris Y4T (92.7 %), Dyella japonica XD53T (92.6 %) and Aquimonas voraii GPTSA 20T (92.5 %). The major cellular fatty acids (>10 % of the total) were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9с and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl). The respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8 and the major polar lipids of the isolate consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine. Based on polyphasic analysis, strain D13T could be differentiated from other genera in the family Rhodanobacteraceae, which suggests that strain D13T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Rhodanobacteraceae, for which the name Ahniella affigens gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D13T (=KACC 19270T=JCM 31634T).

Paludirhabdus telluriireducens gen. nov., sp. nov. and Paludirhabdus pumila sp. nov., isolated from soil of a mountain wetland and emended description of Gorillibacterium massiliense.

Two strains of Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, aerobic or facultative anaerobic, and rod-shaped bacteria that were designated ON8T and ON6T were isolated from soil collected from a mountain wetland in Gwang-ju, Republic of Korea. The isolates were catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Cells of ON8T and ON6T grew at 15-35 °C (optimal 30 °C) and 15-40 °C (optimal 30 °C), respectively. The major menaquinone was MK-7 and the major cellular fatty acids (>10 % of the total) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0 and C16 : 0. The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, aminophospholipid and phospholipid. Meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The DNA G+C contents of strains ON8T and ON6T were 50.6 and 53.5 mol%, respectively, and the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the nearest phylogenetic neighbour of both strains was Gorillibacterium massiliense G5T (93.9 %), followed by the members of the genus Paenibacillus in the family Paenibacillaceae. The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness value between ON8T and ON6T was 44.1 %, which indicated that they represented distinct species. Based on polyphasic characteristics, a novel genus is proposed with the name Paludirhabdus gen. nov., which consists of two species, Paludirhabdus telluriireducens sp. nov. (the type species; type strain ON8T=KACC 19267T=JCM 31958T) and Paludirhabdus pumila sp. nov. (type strain ON6T=KACC 19266T=JCM 31957T).

Uliginosibacterium sediminicola sp. nov., isolated from freshwater sediment.

Strain M1-21T is a Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic and short-rod-shaped bacterium, motile by means of a single polar flagellum; it was isolated from freshwater sediment in Korea. It grew at 10-40 °C (optimum 25 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and with 0-0.75 % (w/v) NaCl (optimal growth occurred in the absence of NaCl) on R2A agar, and it accumulated poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate granules inside the cells. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain M1-21T showed highest sequence similarity with Uliginosibacterium gangwonense (94.7 %) and Uliginosibacterium paludis (94.4 %). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain M1-21T belongs to the genus Uliginosibacterium. The DNA G+C content of strain M1-21T was 61.9 mol%. The predominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8. The major fatty acids (>10 % of the total) were C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c), and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. Strain M1-21T showed distinct phenotypic characteristics that differentiated it from species of the genus Uliginosibacterium. Based on these results, strain M1-21T represents a novel species of the genus Uliginosibacterium, for which the name Uliginosibacterium sediminicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M1-21T (=KACC 19271T=JCM 32000T).

Roseomonas fluminis sp. nov. isolated from sediment of a shallow stream.

An aerobic, Gram-negative, motile by means of a single polar flagellum, and ovoid-shaped bacterium, designated D3T, was isolated from shallow stream sediments in Sinan-gun, South Korea. Growth occurred at 15-40 °C (optimum 35 °C), at pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0), and at an optimum NaCl concentration of 0.5 % (w/v). The major cellular fatty acids (>7 % of the total) were C16 : 0, C18 : 0 2-OH, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c). The predominant quinone was ubiquinone-10, and the G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain D3T was 73.1 mol%. The major polyamine was spermidine. The major polar lipids of the isolate were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain D3T clustered with Roseomonas aquatica TR53T within the genus Roseomonas. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain D3T showed the highest sequence similarity to R. aquatica TR53T (95.9 %), followed by Roseomonas rosea 173-96T (95.7 %) and Roseomonas aerilata 5420S-30T (95.0 %). Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characterization, strain D3T represents a novel species of the genus Roseomonas, for which the name Roseomonas fluminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D3T (=KACC 19269T=JCM 31968T).

Flavobacterium eburneum sp. nov., isolated from reclaimed saline land soil.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, motile by gliding, and aerobic bacterial strain, designated SA31T, was isolated from reclaimed saline land soil near a lake in Taean-gun, South Korea. Cells of the isolate formed ivory-coloured colonies. Growth occurred at 10-35 °C (optimum 25-30 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0-7.5), and 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). Based on similarities of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain SA31T was mostly affiliated with the genus Flavobacterium, exhibiting the highest sequence similarities with Flavobacterium palustre S44T (96.0 %), Flavobacterium glycines Gm-149T (95.9 %), Flavobacterium defluvii EMB117T (95.7 %) and Flavobacterium daejeonense GH1-10T (95.6 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences also indicated that strain SA31T was clustered with Flavobacterium daejeonense GH1-10T and Flavobacterium glycines Gm-149T. The predominant fatty acids (>7 % of total) of strain SA31T were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7с and/or C16 : 1ω6с), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH. The major polar lipids of the isolate comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, one unknown aminolipid, one unknown glycolipid, one unknown aminophospholipid and three unknown lipids. The major respiratory quinone was MK-6. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SA31T was 33.5 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain SA31T represents a novel species the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium eburneum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SA31T (=KACC 18743T=JCM 31221T).

Sphingomonas silvisoli sp. nov., isolated from forest soil.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and short-rod-shaped bacterium, designated RP18T, was isolated from forest soil in Gwang-ju, Republic of Korea. Growth occurred at 15-30 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 6.0-7.0 (optimum pH 7.0), and was inhibited in the presence of normal saline. According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain RP18T showed the highest sequence similarity to Sphingomonas kyeonggiensis THG-DT81T (96.0 %), followed by Sphingomonas pituitosa EDIVT (95.4 %) and Sphingomonas dokdonensis DS-4T (95.2 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain RP18T was clustered with Sphingomonas gimensis 9PNM-6T and Sphingomonas jejuensis MS-31T under the genus Sphingomonas. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain RP18T was 61.5 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids (>6 % of the total) were C16 : 0, C14 : 0 2-OH, C17 : 1ω6с, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7с and/or C16 : 1ω6с) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7с and/or C18 : 1ω6с). Ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) and sym-homospermidine were detected as the predominant respiratory quinone and major compound in the polyamine pattern, respectively. The major polar lipids of the isolate consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phospholipid and sphingoglycolipid. Based on phylogenetic analysis and physiological and biochemical characterization, strain RP18T represents a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas, for which the name Sphingomonas silvisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RP18T (=KACC 18914T=JCM 31801T).

Erratum to: Flavobacterium parvum sp. nov., isolated from soil polluted by sewer water.

In the article by Lee et al. published in Journal of Microbiology 2018; 56, 542-548, The KACC 19447T on 26th line of 4th paragraph in the section of 'Description of Flavobacterium parvum sp. nov.' on page 546 should be corrected in KACC 19448T. The sentence should have read: The type strain, HS916T (= KACC 19448T, = JCM 32368T), was isolated from soil polluted by sewer water in Cheonan, South Korea.We apologize for any inconvenience that this may have caused.

Gramella fulva sp. nov., isolated from a dry surface of tidal flat.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile by means of gliding, and short rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain SH35T, was isolated from the dry surface of a tidal flat in Hwasung-si, South Korea. Growth occurred at 10-40°C (optimum 30°C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0), in 1-12% NaCl (optimum 2%), and was inhibited in the absence of NaCl and Ca2+ ions. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SH35T belonged to the genus Gramella and was a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae with highest sequence similarity to Gramella flava JLT2011T (96.1%), followed by Gramella oceani CCAMSZ-TT (95.6%), and 93.0-94.9% to other recognized Gramella species. The major cellular fatty acids (> 5% of the total) of strain SH35T were iso-C15:0, Iso-C16:0, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH and summed feature 9 (C16:0 10-methyl and/or C17:1 iso ω9с). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and nine unidentified polar lipids. The major respiratory quinone and the predominant polyamine were menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and symhomospermidine, respectively. The DNA G + C content was 40.5 mol% (39.7% based on total genome calculations). Based on phylogenetic analysis and physiological and biochemical characterization, strain SH35T represents a novel species of the genus Gramella, for which the name Gramella fulva sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SH35T (= KACC 19447T = JCM 32369T).

Flavobacterium parvum sp. nov., isolated from soil polluted by sewer water.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, motile by means of gliding, and short rod-shaped bacterium, designated HS916T, was isolated from soil polluted by sewer water in Cheonan-si, South Korea. Growth occurred at 10-35°C (optimum 30°C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0), and 0-1% sodium chloride (NaCl, w/v). Based on similarities of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain HS916T was closely related to members of the genus Flavobacterium, exhibiting the highest sequence similarities with Flavobacterium glycines Gm-149T (96.4%), followed by F. granuli Kw05T (96.3%), F. fluminis 3R17T (96.3%), F. aquicola TMd3a3T (96.2%), and F. nitratireducens N1T (96.2%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain HS916T was placed in a monophyletic cluster with F. nitratireducens N1T and F. fluminis 3R17T. The predominant fatty acids (> 5% of the total) of strain HS916T were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0 3-OH, C17:1ω6с, C16:0 3-OH, iso-C17:0 3-OH, and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7с and/or C16:1ω6с). The major polar lipids of the strain comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified aminolipids, and five unidentified lipids. The predominant respiratory quinone and the major polyamine were menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and symhomospermidine, respectively. The DNA G + C content of strain HS916T was 34.9 mol%. Based on polyphasic analyses, strain HS916T represents a novel species belonging to the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium parvum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HS916T (= KACC 19448T = JCM 32368T).