Exploring the Impact of Noise and Image Quality on Deep Learning Performance in DXA Images.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Segmentation of the femur in Dual-Energy X-ray (DXA) images poses challenges due to reduced contrast, noise, bone shape variations, and inconsistent X-ray beam penetration. In this study, we investigate the relationship between noise and certain deep learning (DL) techniques for semantic segmentation of the femur to enhance segmentation and bone mineral density (BMD) accuracy by incorporating noise reduction methods into DL models. METHODS: Convolutional neural network (CNN)-based models were employed to segment femurs in DXA images and evaluate the effects of noise reduction filters on segmentation accuracy and their effect on BMD calculation. Various noise reduction techniques were integrated into DL-based models to enhance image quality before training. We assessed the performance of the fully convolutional neural network (FCNN) in comparison to noise reduction algorithms and manual segmentation methods. RESULTS: Our study demonstrated that the FCNN outperformed noise reduction algorithms in enhancing segmentation accuracy and enabling precise calculation of BMD. The FCNN-based segmentation approach achieved a segmentation accuracy of 98.84% and a correlation coefficient of 0.9928 for BMD measurements, indicating its effectiveness in the clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, integrating noise reduction techniques into DL-based models significantly improves femur segmentation accuracy in DXA images. The FCNN model, in particular, shows promising results in enhancing BMD calculation and clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis. These findings highlight the potential of DL techniques in addressing segmentation challenges and improving diagnostic accuracy in medical imaging.

Scalable deep learning framework for sentiment analysis prediction for online movie reviews.

Sentiment analysis has broad use in diverse real-world contexts, particularly in the online movie industry and other e-commerce platforms. The main objective of our work is to examine the word information order and analyze the content of texts by exploring the hidden meanings of words in online movie text reviews. This study presents an enhanced method of representing text and computationally feasible deep learning models, namely the PEW-MCAB model. The methodology categorizes sentiments by considering the full written text as a unified piece. The feature vector representation is processed using an enhanced text representation called Positional embedding and pretrained Glove Embedding Vector (PEW). The learning of these features is achieved by inculcating a multichannel convolutional neural network (MCNN), which is subsequently integrated into an Attention-based Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (AB) model. This experiment examines the positive and negative of online movie textual reviews. Four datasets were used to evaluate the model. When tested on the IMDB, MR (2002), MRC (2004), and MR (2005) datasets, the (PEW-MCAB) algorithm attained accuracy rates of 90.3%, 84.1%, 85.9%, and 87.1%, respectively, in the experimental setting. When implemented in practical settings, the proposed structure shows a great deal of promise for efficacy and competitiveness.