Community experiences and strategies of risk management within chemsex practices: a qualitative study. / Vivencias y estrategias comunitarias de manejo del riesgo dentro de las prácticas chemsex: un estudio cualitativo.

The rise in the study of sexualised drug use among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM), known as chemsex, has generated a multiplicity of data that contribute to its problematisation as a public health issue through the link with HIV and addictions. The study of these practices, from a biomedical paradigm, has focused on risk and has contributed to its reduction as a unique and quantifiable phenomenon. This study aims to explore the experience of risk in the course of the practices, to find out what management strategies they employ in the face of risk and how they are generated. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five chemsex practitioners in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona and, subsequently, a thematic analysis was applied. The findings show how these men detect, assume and confront the risks present in these practices, where the type of relationships that take place and the social circle available to them are relevant. This study also highlights the creation of strategies based on experience and how the transmission of this knowledge among participants facilitates decision-making and risk management.

El auge en el estudio del uso sexualizado de drogas entre hombres gais, bisexuales u otros hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH), conocido como chemsex, ha generado una multiplicidad de datos que contribuyen a su problematización en tanto cuestión de salud pública a través del vínculo con el VIH y las adicciones. El estudio de estas prácticas, desde un paradigma biomédico, se ha centrado en el riesgo y ha contribuido a su reducción como fenómeno único y cuantificable. Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar la vivencia del riesgo en el transcurso de las prácticas, para conocer qué estrategias de manejo emplean frente a éste y de qué manera son generadas. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a cinco practicantes de chemsex en el Área Metropolitana de Barcelona y, posteriormente se aplicó un análisis temático. Los hallazgos muestran cómo estos hombres detectan, asumen y enfrentan los riesgos presentes en estas prácticas, donde toman relevancia el tipo de relaciones que allí se dan y el círculo social del que disponen. Este estudio destaca también la creación de estrategias basadas en la experiencia y cómo la transmisión de estos saberes entre participantes facilita la toma de decisiones y el manejo del riesgo.

Users' expectations of the new pre-exposure prophylaxis for the HIV modalities. / Concepciones de usuarios sobre nuevas vías de administración de profilaxis pre-exposición para el VIH.

This article aims to discuss the expectations of Homosexual Men, Bisexual Men and a Transgender Woman, who use or want to use an oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) about PrEP modalities. Sixteen PrEP users, who are followed up in the BCN Checkpoint, were interviewed,. The interviews were audio-recorded, subjected to thematic categorical analysis within the theoretical framework from the praxiographic perspective. They are all adapted to the use of daily oral and event-based PrEP. In relation to the new PrEP modalities (monthly pill; intramuscular injection every two months; subcutaneous injection every six months), they are all very receptive to these possibilities, but they lack information on the specificities of each and specific assessment of their needs. Comments about the use of oral PrEP are positive, and expectations regarding the new PrEP modalities are visibly high. However, the most important thing for the interviewees is the guarantee that they will have follow-up appointments to continue taking care of their affective-sexual health, which is not dependent on the type of PrEP modalities.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir las concepciones de los Hombres Gay, Hombres Bisexuales y una Mujer Transgénero que usan o quieren usar profilaxis previa a la exposición por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana oral (PrEP) sobre nuevas vías de administración. Fueron entrevistados 17 usuarios del BCN Checkpoint. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas en audio, sometidas a análisis categorial temático teniendo en cuenta la perspectiva praxeográfica. Todos están adaptados al uso de la PrEP diaria y a demanda. En relación con las nuevas vías de administración (PrEP inyección intramuscular cada dos meses; pastilla mensual; inyección subcutánea cada seis meses) todos son muy receptivos a esas posibilidades, pero les falta información sobre las especificidades de cada una de ellas y una evaluación específica de sus necesidades. Tanto la satisfacción con el uso de PrEP oral, como las expectativas sobre las nuevas vías de administración son positivas. Sin embargo, lo más importante para los/a entrevistados/a es la garantía de que tendrán seguimiento para continuar cuidando de la salud afectivo-sexual, lo que no depende del tipo de vía de administración.

[The euthanasia law and professional experiences: tensions in clinical practice]. / La ley de eutanasia y experiencias profesionales: tensiones en la práctica clínica.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the process of assisted death provision in Catalonia and identify the main tensions, difficulties, and/or sources of discomfort related to professional practice. METHOD: A qualitative study was conducted based on interviews (n=29) and focus groups (n=19) with professionals who participated in the euthanasia process. The selection of participants combined the snowball and maximization of variability procedures, taking into account the variables of professional profile, setting, gender, age and territoriality. Intentional and theoretical sampling process. RESULTS: The assisted death process is divided into four main moments: 1) reception of the request, 2) medical-bureaucratic procedure, 3) the actual procedure, and 4) closure. At each of these moments, difficulties arise that can be a source of discomfort and have to do with the limits and tensions between the legal and moral, the conception of one's own professional role, the lack of recognition of some professional roles, stress and overload, the lack of formal and informal support, and the relationship with the patient and his/her family. The bureaucratic-administrative stress derived from a protective law, with both prior and subsequent verifying control, stands out, given that it stresses the professionals immersed in a healthcare system already under high pressure after budget cuts and the COVID-19 epidemic. CONCLUSIONS: Throughout the assisted death process, the sources of distress are diverse and of a psychological, psychosocial, and structural nature. These results may lead to interventions for psychological and peer support, information, training, institutional involvement, and burden reduction.

The impact of inclusion practices on the identity of people diagnosed with severe mental illness: Radio Nikosia.

This article examines the discursive approach adopted by Radio Nikosia, highlighting its crucial role in the recovery of people diagnosed with severe mental illness. It examines how putting social representations aside has enabled Radio Nikosia to render agency to these social actors, acknowledging their capacity to construct, reconstruct and change their own identities. The geographic scope of the study comprises the Autonomous Community of Catalonia while the methodology followed is qualitative in nature, analysing programme audio and transcription, reports, academic articles, theses, and a participant interview. The aim of the analysis is to examine the significance of discursive practices in Radio Nikosia in modifying the permanence of identities anchored in severe mental illness. The results illustrate the practical use of radio as a powerful tool that both promotes social inclusion and impacts mental illness identity.

Vivencias y estrategias comunitarias de manejo del riesgo dentro de las prácticas chemsex: un estudio cualitativo / Community experiences and strategies of risk management within chemsex practices: a qualitative study

Resumen El auge en el estudio del uso sexualizado de drogas entre hombres gais, bisexuales u otros hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH), conocido como chemsex, ha generado una multiplicidad de datos que contribuyen a su problematización en tanto cuestión de salud pública a través del vínculo con el VIH y las adicciones. El estudio de estas prácticas, desde un paradigma biomédico, se ha centrado en el riesgo y ha contribuido a su reducción como fenómeno único y cuantificable. Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar la vivencia del riesgo en el transcurso de las prácticas, para conocer qué estrategias de manejo emplean frente a éste y de qué manera son generadas. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a cinco practicantes de chemsex en el Área Metropolitana de Barcelona y, posteriormente se aplicó un análisis temático. Los hallazgos muestran cómo estos hombres detectan, asumen y enfrentan los riesgos presentes en estas prácticas, donde toman relevancia el tipo de relaciones que allí se dan y el círculo social del que disponen. Este estudio destaca también la creación de estrategias basadas en la experiencia y cómo la transmisión de estos saberes entre participantes facilita la toma de decisiones y el manejo del riesgo.

Abstract The rise in the study of sexualised drug use among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM), known as chemsex, has generated a multiplicity of data that contribute to its problematisation as a public health issue through the link with HIV and addictions. The study of these practices, from a biomedical paradigm, has focused on risk and has contributed to its reduction as a unique and quantifiable phenomenon. This study aims to explore the experience of risk in the course of the practices, to find out what management strategies they employ in the face of risk and how they are generated. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five chemsex practitioners in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona and, subsequently, a thematic analysis was applied. The findings show how these men detect, assume and confront the risks present in these practices, where the type of relationships that take place and the social circle available to them are relevant. This study also highlights the creation of strategies based on experience and how the transmission of this knowledge among participants facilitates decision-making and risk management.

Concepciones de usuarios sobre nuevas vías de administración de profilaxis pre-exposición para el VIH / Users' expectations of the new pre-exposure prophylaxis for the HIV modalities

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir las concepciones de los Hombres Gay, Hombres Bisexuales y una Mujer Transgénero que usan o quieren usar profilaxis previa a la exposición por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana oral (PrEP) sobre nuevas vías de administración. Fueron entrevistados 17 usuarios del BCN Checkpoint. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas en audio, sometidas a análisis categorial temático teniendo en cuenta la perspectiva praxeográfica. Todos están adaptados al uso de la PrEP diaria y a demanda. En relación con las nuevas vías de administración (PrEP inyección intramuscular cada dos meses; pastilla mensual; inyección subcutánea cada seis meses) todos son muy receptivos a esas posibilidades, pero les falta información sobre las especificidades de cada una de ellas y una evaluación específica de sus necesidades. Tanto la satisfacción con el uso de PrEP oral, como las expectativas sobre las nuevas vías de administración son positivas. Sin embargo, lo más importante para los/a entrevistados/a es la garantía de que tendrán seguimiento para continuar cuidando de la salud afectivo-sexual, lo que no depende del tipo de vía de administración.

Abstract This article aims to discuss the expectations of Homosexual Men, Bisexual Men and a Transgender Woman, who use or want to use an oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) about PrEP modalities. Sixteen PrEP users, who are followed up in the BCN Checkpoint, were interviewed,. The interviews were audio-recorded, subjected to thematic categorical analysis within the theoretical framework from the praxiographic perspective. They are all adapted to the use of daily oral and event-based PrEP. In relation to the new PrEP modalities (monthly pill; intramuscular injection every two months; subcutaneous injection every six months), they are all very receptive to these possibilities, but they lack information on the specificities of each and specific assessment of their needs. Comments about the use of oral PrEP are positive, and expectations regarding the new PrEP modalities are visibly high. However, the most important thing for the interviewees is the guarantee that they will have follow-up appointments to continue taking care of their affective-sexual health, which is not dependent on the type of PrEP modalities.

[The incorporation of the views of the public, professionals and managers in the healthcare planning process in Catalonia, Spain]. / Incorporación de las visiones de ciudadanos, profesionales y gestores sobre la atención sanitaria en el proceso de planificación sanitaria de Cataluña.

The views of those populations that interact every day in the heart of the health system: the public, professionals and managers have now been added to the traditional technical-political approach to healthcare planning. This article presents the methodology of and a selection of results from a study carried out for the Health Map of Catalonia using qualitative methods (individual interviews, focus groups and biographical accounts) with 254 participants. The results highlight aspects related with, among others, resources (structural and informal), work overload, overuse, over-medicalisation, definition of processes, the time variable, coordination, the knowledge and competence of professionals, the conditions and key perspectives of healthcare practice (of both professionals and users), and the role of intermediary played by the professional in the system. This new methodological approach has been of great use for pointing out guidance strategies for services.

The mapping of Spanish social psychology through its conferences: a bibliometric perspective.

This study of papers gathered from the proceedings presented at Spanish social psychology conferences explores the use of bibliometrics for studying scientific disciplines. A reference database of all the papers included in the conference proceedings of events held from 1983 to 2000 was generated and classified by thematic area, paper type and author institutional affiliation. The references were laid out on contingency tables and mapped with correspondence analysis. The results show that there is a growing number of co-authored papers and a predominance of empirical over theoretical paper types. Some institutions have a higher concentration of theoretical papers while others work mostly in the areas of organizational and health psychology. In terms of empirical papers, there is a tendency towards generating more qualitative-based studies over the span of time captured by this work. There are also a number of papers written about such areas as cultural psychology that points to the emergence of an interest in critical social psychology. Concluding remarks underline the role of conferences and scientific meetings as an important indicator of the dynamic development of a scientific discipline.

The impact of inclusion practices on the identity of people diagnosed with severe mental illness: Radio Nikosia / O impacto das práticas de inclusão na identidade de pessoas diagnosticadas com doença mental grave: Radio Nikosia

Abstract This article examines the discursive approach adopted by Radio Nikosia, highlighting its crucial role in the recovery of people diagnosed with severe mental illness. It examines how putting social representations aside has enabled Radio Nikosia to render agency to these social actors, acknowledging their capacity to construct, reconstruct and change their own identities. The geographic scope of the study comprises the Autonomous Community of Catalonia while the methodology followed is qualitative in nature, analysing programme audio and transcription, reports, academic articles, theses, and a participant interview. The aim of the analysis is to examine the significance of discursive practices in Radio Nikosia in modifying the permanence of identities anchored in severe mental illness. The results illustrate the practical use of radio as a powerful tool that both promotes social inclusion and impacts mental illness identity.

Resumo Este artigo examina a abordagem discursiva adotada pela Rádio Nikosia, destacando seu papel crucial na recuperação de pessoas diagnosticadas com doença mental grave. Examina como deixar de lado as representações sociais permitiu à Rádio Nikosia dar agência a esses atores sociais, reconhecendo sua capacidade de construir, reconstruir e mudar suas próprias identidades. O escopo geográfico do estudo compreende a Comunidade Autônoma da Catalunha, enquanto a metodologia seguida é de natureza qualitativa, analisando áudio e transcrição do programa, relatórios, artigos acadêmicos, teses e entrevista participante. O objetivo da análise é examinar o significado das práticas discursivas da Rádio Nikosia na modificação da permanência de identidades ancoradas na doença mental grave. Os resultados ilustram o uso prático do rádio como uma ferramenta poderosa que promove a inclusão social e impacta a identidade da doença mental.

Los caminos de la asistencia en salud mental: la atención psicosocial como territorio de cuidado / The paths of mental health care: psychosocial care as a territory of care

Resumen Este trabajo presenta algunas consideraciones sobre los avances, las permanencias y las rupturas de las políticas de Salud Mental en Brasil, con el objetivo de comprender la concepción del cuidado presente en la Red de Atención Psicosocial (RAPS) desde la perspectiva de las personas que utilizan sus servicios. Se trata de una investigación etnográfica, realizada en la ciudad de Juazeiro/BA, siendo el marco teórico y metodológico de la Psicología Discursiva y el Construccionismo Social. Los resultados apuntan a una ampliación de la red asistencial, en que la centralidad del hospital psiquiátrico en el municipio se desdibuja de la oferta de servicios sustitutivos que constituirán la RAPS local. Sin embargo, estos servicios siguen con la herencia del modelo de manicomio iatrogénico hegemónico. Para los usuarios, la Atención Psicosocial representa un cuidado en libertad y la garantía del servicio comunitario de puertas abiertas permite la producción y afirmación de la vida. Aunque sean territorios en disputa, señalan posibles caminos de apropiación política entre las contradicciones operadas por el proceso de reforma psiquiátrica en Brasil.

Abstract This paper presents some considerations about the advances, permanence, and ruptures of Mental Health policies in Brazil, aiming to understand the conception of care present in the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS) from the perspective of the people who use the services. This is an ethnographic research, carried out in the city of Juazeiro/BA. We worked with the theoretical and methodological framework of Discursive Psychology and Social Constructionism. The results show an expansion of the care network, in which the centrality of the psychiatric hospital in the city is blurred by the offer of substitutive services that will constitute the local RAPS. However, these services still carry the legacy of the hegemonic iatrogenic asylum model. For users, Psychosocial Care represents a care in freedom and the guarantee of open-door community service enables production and affirmation of life. Although these are territories in dispute, they point to possible paths of political appropriation among the contradictions operated by the process of psychiatric reform in Brazil.

A visão de gerentes de atenção básica à saúde sobre suas atribuições / The perspective of primary health care managers about their attributions

Resumo O artigo objetivou compreender o desenvolvimento das atribuições do gerente de atenção básica a partir da perspectiva desses mesmos profissionais, na capital Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, que entrevistou a oito gerentes de Unidades Básicas de Saúde e tratado por meio da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados identificaram que os gerentes, como rotina, administram o fluxo assistencial e o registro de frequência dos membros da equipe, mas apresentam limitações para gerir o trabalho em equipe e a estrutura física. Em nível institucional, mediam a relação dos profissionais da equipe com a sede administrativa, porém demostram escassa participação no estabelecimento de ações intersetoriais. Valorizam a relação com a comunidade, no entanto, relatam haver pouca participação social no âmbito das Unidades. Demonstram, ainda, pouco conhecimento sobre as políticas e sistemas de informação em saúde. Considera-se que, para um impacto positivo no acesso e na qualidade à saúde da população, é necessária: a garantida da governabilidade dos gerentes sobre os recursos materiais e da gestão de pessoal; o monitoramento das metas de saúde com a participação colaborativa da comunidade; apropriação e fomento das redes de trabalho em saúde; e um programa de formação em serviço que auxilie a gestão local.

Abstract The article aimed to understand the development of the attributions of the primary care manager from the perspective of these same professionals, in the capital Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil. It is a qualitative research, which interviewed eight managers of Basic Health Units and treated by means of content analysis. The results identified that the managers as routine manage the flow of care and the attendance record of the team members, but present limitations to manage the teamwork and the physical structure. At the institutional level, they mediate the relationship of the team's professionals with the administrative headquarters, but show little participation in the establishment of intersectoral actions. They value the relationship with the community, however, they report little social participation at the Unit level. They show little knowledge about health policies and information systems. It is considered that, for a positive impact on access and quality to the health of the population, it is necessary: to guarantee the governability of managers over material resources and personnel management; the monitoring of health goals with the collaborative participation of the community; the appropriation and promotion of health work networks; and an in-service training program that helps local management.

[The contribution of Web 2.0 technologies to the empowerment of active patients]. / La contribución de las tecnologías Web 2.0 a la formación de pacientes activos.

The Spanish health system has recently been marked by the emergence of more active patients who are characterized as being better informed about their disease, having a more participatory attitude, wanting to have a greater influence in making decisions about their health and asserting their rights as patients. Therefore, this article aims to report on how the introduction of Web 2.0 technologies can contribute to the empowering of more active patients. To achieve this, 14 semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients and representatives of patient associations who have used Web 2.0 technologies to interact with other patients or to communicate with health professionals. From the results obtained, we highlight the fact that Web 2.0 technologies provide greater access to health-related information, improve communication between patients and health professionals, and enable the creation of new spaces of interaction among patients. All of the facts above contribute to the formation of a more active role on the part of patients.

Homosexualidad masculina y lesbianismo en la psicología china: revisión sistemática entre 2012 y 2016 / Male homosexuality and lesbianism in Chinese psychology: systematic review between 2012 and 2016

Resumen Para identificar el estudio y enfoque que la psicología de China realiza sobre la homosexualidad y el lesbianismo se realizó una revisión sistemática de la bibliografía publicada entre 2012-2016. Se realizó la búsqueda en seis bases de datos: BVS, Dialnet, PsycINFO (PsycNET), Scopus, Web of Science y CNKI (中国知网). Como resultado, se encontraron 240 artículos: 202 de la China continental, 30 de Hong Kong y 12 de Taiwan. Se analizaron los idiomas utilizados, cantidad de publicación en cada año, las áreas de psicología en que se publican y los temas de los artículos publicados se han organizado en doce categorías. A partir de los resultados, presentamos una discusión sobre la patologización construida de la población homosexual, la invisibilidad de la población homosexual femenina, la hegemonía de la lengua inglesa y el efecto de la censura de la publicación científica.

Abstract To identify the study and the approach Chinese psychology takes on homosexuality and lesbianism, a systematic review of the bibliography published between 2012 and 2016 was conducted. The search was made in six databases: BVS, Dialnet, PsycINFO (PsycNET), Scopus, Web of Science and CNKI (中国知网). As result, 240 articles were found: 202 from mainland China, 30 from Hong Kong, and 12 from Taiwan. We analyzed the languages used, amount of publication in each year, the areas of psychology in which they were published and the topics of the published articles have been organized into 12 categories. Based on the results, we present a discussion on the constructed pathologization of the homosexual population, the invisibility of the female homosexual population, the hegemony of the English language and the effect of censorship of scientific publication.

La homosexualidad en la psicología de América Latina, España y Portugal / Homosexuality in the psychology of Latin America, Spain and Portugal / A homossexualidade na psicologia da América Latina, Espanha e Portugal

El objetivo del artículo es identificar las características de la homosexualidad tal y como es construida por la ciencia psicológica de América Latina, España y Portugal. Realizamos un Análisis de Contenido y un Análisis Argumentativo de 420 artículos científicos publicados en esas regiones. Los resultados muestran que la psicología de estas regiones ha construido a) una población y sexualidad patologizadas, vulnerables y victimizadas; b) una población masculina riesgosa y sexualizada, y una población femenina invisible; c) una población parcialmente incluida en los derechos y sociocultural y generalmente excluida; d) una población y sexualidad "discapacitadas" y dolorosas y; e) la dicotomía binaria del sexo/género. Con este trabajo problematizamos la homosexualidad constituida a través de las prácticas científicas, entendiendo que éstas son capaces de crear realidades. Como discusión, planteamos que los discursos científicos pueden pasar de discursos reivindicadores de las normativas sexuales a discursos de resistencia. (AU)

The objective of the article is to identify the characteristics of homosexuality constructed by the psychological science of Latin America, Spain and Portugal. We conducted a Content Analysis and an Argumentative Analysis of 420 scientific articles published in those regions. The results show that the psychology of these regions has built a) a pathologized, vulnerable and victimized population and sexuality; b) a risky and sexualized male population, and an invisible female population; c) a population partially included in the rights but sociocultural and generally excluded; d) a "disabled" and painful population and sexuality, and; e) the binary dichotomy of sex / gender. With this work we problematize the constituted homosexuality through scientific practices, understanding that they are capable of creating realities. As a discussion, we propose that scientific discourses can go from the discourses which define the sexual norms to the discourses of resistance. (AU)

O objetivo do artigo é identificar as caraterísticas da homossexualidade tal e como é construída pela ciência psicológica da América Latina, Espanha e Portugal. Realizamos uma Análise de Conteúdo e uma Análise Argumentativo de 420 artigos científicos publicados nessas regiões. Os resultados mostram que a psicologia destas regiões construiu a) uma população e sexualidade patologizadas, vulneráveis e victimizadas; b) uma população masculina riesgosa e sexualizada, e uma população feminina invisível; c) uma população parcialmente incluída nos direitos, e sociocultural e geralmente excluída; d) uma população e sexualidade "discapacitadas" e dolorosas e; e) a dicotomia binária do sexo/gênero. Com este trabalho problematizamos a homossexualidade constituída através das práticas científicas, entendendo que estas são capazes de criar realidades. Como discussão, propomos que os discursos científicos podem passar de discursos reivindicadores dos regulamentos sexuais a discursos de resistência. (AU)

Sentidos sobre el cuidado en salud mental: una revisión bibliográfica / Senses about mental health care: a literature review

RESUMEN Este texto presenta una revisión bibliográfica realizada en la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud/ Psicología (BVS-PSI/Brasil) con el objetivo de comprender los sentidos del cuidado en la atención psicosocial a partir de los artículos científicos brasileños disponibles. Realizamos una búsqueda con los descriptores del DeCS/MeSH para acceder a las publicaciones disponibles. Hicimos una revisión de esta literatura, describimos el contenido de los artículos, identificamos los repertorios lingüísticos presentes y problematizamos los diversos sentidos del cuidado en la perspectiva de la atención psicosocial. Trabajamos con las contribuciones de la Psicología Discursiva y del movimiento construccionista para comprender la complejidad y la polifonía de ese campo. Los resultados se han agrupado en tres categorías: La Política Pública y la Reforma Psiquiátrica en Brasil; Modelos de asistencia y las controversias en la gestión y or ganización del proceso de trabajo; y la Salud Colectiva. Podemos visualizar, de manera amplia y dinámica los tránsitos conceptuales, a veces desconectados y reduccionistas, a veces como una vía importante para la transformación de las prácticas de salud mental en la atención psicosocial.

ABSTRACT This text presents a bibliographic review carried out at the Virtual Library in Health/Psychology/ Brazil (BVS-PSI/Brazil) with the objective of understanding the meanings of care in psychosocial care based on available Brazilian scientific articles. We conducted a search with the DeCS/Mesh descriptors to access the quantity of available publications. We did a bibliographic review of this literature, described the content of the articles, identified the linguistic repertories present and problematized problematized the various meanings of care in the perspective of psychosocial care. We worked with the contributions of Discursive Psychology and the constructionist movement to understand the complexity and polyphony of that field. The results have been grouped into three categories: Public Policy and Psychiatric Reform in Brazil; Models of assistance and controversies in the management and organization of the work process; and Collective Health. We can visua-lize, in a broad and dynamic way, the conceptual, sometimes disconnected and reductionist transits, sometimes as an important way for the transformation of mental health practices into psychosocial care.

Psicologia nos cras: uma análise do dissenso e dos processos de coletivização / Psicología en los cras: un análisis de los procesos de disensión y colectivización / Psychology in brazil's social assistence reference centers (cras): an analisis of dissense and collectivization processes

Resumo O presente trabalho busca analisar os modos como se organizam os Centros de Referência em Assistência Social (CRAS), a partir de experiências coletivas e práticas comunitárias realizadas pelas equipes-território, destacando os processos de dissensos e consensos nas relações de trabalho. Metodologicamente, com base na análise de discurso, foram realizadas coletivamente 14 entrevistas semiestruturadas com cada equipe dos CRAS de dois estados da macrorregião sul do Brasil. Os resultados apontam que trabalhar as divergências internas sem tentar homogeneizá-las, compondo práticas transdisciplinares e horizontalizantes, se mostrou um modo potente de organização das equipes de trabalho. Ademais, foi relatado também a potência na produção dos fazeres de territorialização, com e a partir do território, por meio de seus significantes e possibilidades singulares. Finalmente, apontam-se as práticas comunitárias com grupos e coletivos nos CRAS como um dos vetores potentes no enfrentamento ao sofrimento ético-político produzido pelas desigualdades sociais.

Resumen El presente trabajo busca analizar las formas en que se organizan los Centros de Referencia de Asistencia Social (CRAS), a partir de experiencias colectivas y prácticas comunitarias realizadas por los equipos del territorio, destacando los procesos de desacuerdos y consensos en las relaciones laborales. Metodológicamente, con base en el análisis del discurso, se realizaron colectivamente 14 entrevistas semiestructuradas con cada equipo de los CRAS de dos estados del macrorregión sur del Brasil. Los resultados muestran que trabajar las diferencias internas sin tratar de homogeneizarlas, componiendo prácticas transdisciplinarias y horizontales, resultó ser una forma poderosa de organizar equipos de trabajo. Además, también se informó del poder en la producción de actividades de territorialización, con y desde el territorio, a través de sus significantes y posibilidades singulares. Finalmente, las prácticas comunitarias con grupos y colectivos en los CRAS se señalan como uno de los vectores poderosos para enfrentar el sufrimiento ético-político que producen las desigualdades sociales.

Abstract This paper analyzes the ways through which the Social Assistance Reference Centers (CRAS) is organized, based on collective experiences and community practices carried out by the territory-teams, highlighting the processes of dissent and consensus in working relations. Methodologically, based on discourse analysis, 14 semi-structured interviews were conducted collectively with each CRAS team from two states of the Brazilian southern region. The results indicate that working internal differences without trying to homogenize them, composing transdisciplinary and horizontal practices, proved to be a powerful way of organizing the work teams. Besides, the power in the production of territorialization actions, with and from the territory, was also reported through its significant and singular possibilities. Finally, the community practices with groups and collectives in CRAS are pointed as one of the potent vectors in facing the ethical-political suffering produced by social inequalities.

Vidas nuas: mulheres com HIV/aids em situação de violência de gênero / Naked lives: women with HIV/AIDS in the situation of gender violence

Resumo Em sociedades patriarcais de países periféricos, as mulheres sofrem os efeitos da exclusão social e de gênero, que as expõe à aquisição do HIV e que permanecem após o adoecimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi explorar as experiências de violência de gênero na trajetória de mulheres que vivem com HIV. É um estudo qualitativo em que foram entrevistadas 61 mulheres vítimas de violência de gênero cadastradas em um Serviço Especializado em HIV/aids de um município do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Foi realizada análise crítica do discurso das narrativas produzidas por essas mulheres. Todas as entrevistadas relataram ter sofrido violações de direitos ao longo da vida, devido a processos históricos de exclusão, limitações no acesso à escola, ao trabalho, a serviços de saúde e à segurança. Nos serviços de saúde, o cuidado prestado pauta-se no modelo médico biopolítico capaz de postergar a morte, mas não de atendê-las com integralidade. Denominamos as trajetórias dessas mulheres de vidas nuas, conceito do filósofo Giorgio Agamben, tendo em vista que são consideradas desvalorizadas e supérfluas na sociedade, marcadas pelas violências e pelo HIV.

Abstract In patriarchal societies of peripheral countries, women suffer the effects of social and gender exclusion, which exposes them to the acquisition of HIV, and which remain after becoming ill. The aim of this paper is to explore the experiences of gender violence in the trajectory of women living with HIV. We conducted a qualitative study in which 61 women victims of gender violence registered in a Specialized Care Service for HIV/AIDS in a municipality in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul were interviewed, through a critical analysis of the discourse of the narratives produced by these women. All interviewees reported having suffered violations of rights throughout their lives, due to historical processes of exclusion, limitations in access to school, work, health services, and security. In health services, the care provided is based on a biopolitical medical model capable of postponing death, but not care for them fully. We denominate these women's trajectories as "naked lives," a concept of the philosopher Giorgio Agamben, considering that they are considered devalued and superfluous in society, marked by violence and HIV.

[Qualitative evaluation of the blood collection process in Catalonia]. / Evaluación cualitativa del sistema de recogida de sangre en Cataluña.

Blood donation is indispensable for quality health service provision. The stagnation of the number of donations in Catalonia prompted up an external evaluation of the system of blood collection that could orient the future policies. An evaluation of blood-donor services in Catalonia was designed adopting a qualitative methodology. The evaluation design included the use of a variety of techniques namely participant observation, individual interviews, group interviews and documentary techniques. The field work was carried out in all blood-donation sectors of Catalonia from the 23th November to the 4th December, 1998. Using Atlas/ti, a computer science tool for the qualitative analysis of textual data, the information analysis partially followed the prescriptions of "grounded theory" and of some modalities of thematic content analysis. The results show the basic characteristics and deficiencies of the process and its organization, describing their strong and weak points. The findings also detail arguments on blood donation that the agents implied in the process, donors an professionals, use. We also report what reasons the blood-donor service managers/providers gave for donating blood, and what perceptions they had of blood donors.

La precocidad en la toma de decisión sobre la elección de la carrera universitaria / A precocidade no processo de decisão da carreira universitária / Precocity in making decision about college career

RESUMEN Este artículo tiene como objetivo problematizar la precocidad en la toma de decisión sobre la elección de la carrera de estudiantes de Psicología, con diferentes edades. Utilizamos la psicología social construccionista y nociones de Pierre Bourdieu (habitus, espacio de las posibilidades, espacio social). Entrevistamos 14 estudiantes de Psicología de una universidad pública de España, con diferentes edades, con distintos tipos de acceso a la universidad y egresos de diferentes bachilleratos. Utilizamos la entrevista narrativa, organizamos los datos con ayuda del programa Atlas-ti; utilizamos el análisis categorial temático. Identificamos tres tipos de trayectorias académicas (precoz, intermedia, tardía), las cuales discutimos a partir de seis categorías. Concluimos que los desafíos en la toma de decisión de la carrera son independientes de la edad -aunque haya particularidades en cada tipo de trayectoria- y de la excesiva formación disciplinaria desde la secundaria hasta la formación superior y no de una dificultad personal e intrínseca a la edad de los sujetos.

RESUMO Este artigo tem como objetivo problematizar o processo de escolha profissional entre estudantes de diferentes faixas etárias. Utilizamos a psicologia social construcionista e noções de Pierre Bourdieu (habitus, espaço de possibilidades, espaço social). Entrevistamos 14 estudantes de Psicologia de uma universidade pública espanhola, como diferentes idades, com distintos tipos de acesso à universidade, egressos do ensino médio (bachilleratos). Utilizamos a entrevista narrativa, organizamos os dados com o auxílio do programa Atlas-ti; realizamos análise categorial temática. Identificamos três tipos de trajetórias académicas (precoce, intermediaria, tardia), as quais discutimos a partir de seis categorias. Concluímos que os desafios do processo de escolha profissional são independentes da faixa etária - ainda que haja particularidades em cada tipo de trajetória - e da excessiva formação disciplinara desde o ensino médio até a formação superior e não uma dificuldade pessoal e intrínseca a idade dos sujeitos.

ABSTRACT This article aims to problematize the process of professional choice among students of different age groups. We use social constructionist psychology and Pierre Bourdieu notions (habitus, space of possibilities, social space). We interviewed 14 Psychology students from a Spanish public university, as different ages, with different types of access to university, graduates of high school (bachilleratos). We used the narrative interview, we organized the data with the help of the Atlas-ti program; we use thematic categorical analysis. We identified three types of academic trajectories (precocious, intermediate, late), which we discuss from six categories. We conclude that the challenges of the process of professional choice are independent of the age group - although there are particularities in each type of trajectory - and excessive disciplinary training from high school to higher education and not a personal and intrinsic difficulty the subjects' age.