RESUMO
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is distinct from other cancers of the head and neck in biology, epidemiology, histology, natural history, and response to treatment. Radiotherapy (RT) is the cornerstone of locoregional treatment of non-disseminated disease and the association of chemotherapy improves the rates of survival. In the case of metastatic disease stages, treatment requires platinum/gemcitabine-based chemotherapy and patients may achieve a long survival time.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas , Humanos , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/terapia , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/patologiaAssuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/terapia , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/classificação , Ilhas de CpG , Metilação de DNA , Reparo do DNA , Genes Neoplásicos , Genes Supressores de Tumor , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Oncologia/tendências , Instabilidade de Microssatélites , Biologia Molecular/tendências , Mutação , Síndromes Neoplásicas Hereditárias/genética , Síndromes Neoplásicas Hereditárias/terapia , PrognósticoRESUMO
Research into cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) entails managing dynamic data that pose an analytical challenge. Thus, methods that assume proportional hazards to investigate prognosis entail a risk of misinterpreting or overlooking key traits or time-varying effects. We examined the AGAMENON registry, which collects data from 2,129 patients with advanced gastric cancer. An accelerated failure time (AFT) multistate model and flexible competing risks regression were used to scrutinize the time-varying effect of CAT, as well as to estimate how covariates dynamically predict cumulative incidence. The AFT model revealed that thrombosis shortened progression-free survival and overall survival with adjusted time ratios of 0.72 and 0.56, respectively. Nevertheless, its prognostic effect was nonproportional and disappeared over time if the subject managed to survive long enough. CAT that occurred later had a more pronounced prognostic effect. In the flexible competing risks model, multiple covariates were seen to have significant time-varying effects on the cumulative incidence of CAT (Khorana score, secondary thromboprophylaxis, high tumor burden, and cisplatin-containing regimen), whereas other predictors exerted a constant effect (signet ring cells and primary thromboprophylaxis). The model that assumes proportional hazards was incapable of capturing the effect of these covariates and predicted the cumulative incidence in a biased way. This study evinces that flexible and multistate models are a useful and innovative method to describe the dynamic effect of variables associated with CAT and should be more widely used.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiologia , Tromboembolia Venosa/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Causas de Morte , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Sistema de Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Espanha/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/sangue , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gástricas/mortalidade , Fatores de Tempo , Tromboembolia Venosa/sangue , Tromboembolia Venosa/tratamento farmacológico , Tromboembolia Venosa/mortalidade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The use of central venous catheters for various applications (administration of chemotherapy, blood products and others) in patients with cancer is increasingly frequent. The association between thrombosis and catheter use has been fully established but aspects such as its causes, diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment have not. We describe a case of thrombosis in a patient with cancer treated with chemotherapy who carried a central venous catheter. We also perform a review of the risk factors, the role of the prophylaxis and the treatment.