[Update on Current Care Guideline: Sinusitis]. / Sivuontelotulehdus.

Patients with common cold have often symptoms similar to sinusitis. These symptoms often resolve in time, but symptomatic treatment (e.g. analgesics, decongestants) may be used. If symptoms continue for over 10 days, or severe symptoms continue for over 3 days, or symptoms turn worse in the course of the disease, bacterial sinusitis should be suspected. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings, and can be confirmed with ultrasound examination. Amoxicillin, penicillin or doxicyclin are recommended for bacterial sinusitis. Patients with chronic or recurrent sinusitis should be referred to specialist care.

Cerebral edema attenuated inversion recovery MR sequence in low magnetic field: a feasibility study.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Minimally invasive neurosurgery requires methods to specify surgical boundaries of target tissue, such as brain tumors. This study investigated technical possibilities and clinical usefulness of adapting edema attenuated inversion recovery (EDAIR) pulse sequences to suppress magnetic resonance signal from cerebral edema in brain tumor patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A resistive 0.23-T magnetic resonance scanner with magnitude-encoded inversion recovery sequences was used. Twenty-eight separate scanning tests in 25 neurosurgical brain tumor patients were performed on the day before surgery. An inversion recovery sequence with several inversion times between 150 and 2,200 ms was tested. The same sequences were also used intraoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS: T(1) relaxation time of brain edema varied from case to case. An inversion recovery sequence with an inversion time of 400-800 milliseconds attenuated brain edema and seemed to help in demarcating gross brain tumor for surgical resection. These features were helpful for the evaluation of resectable tumor tissue particularly using neuronavigation techniques. CONCLUSIONS: According to these preliminary findings, inversion recovery sequences supplement other imaging modalities and assist neurosurgeons in evaluating different surgical trajectories and in estimating brain tumor volume before craniotomy.

Computer-assisted diagnosis by temporal subtraction in postoperative brain tumor patients: a feasibility study.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To introduce and evaluate a novel, image fusion-based technique that can be used to compare the findings of primary and control brain magnetic resonance imaging scans, with special attention to the differences found in this comparison. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A new technique named "colored difference mapping" was applied to the brain examinations of five patients. The possible changes in the magnetic resonance imaging findings were analyzed by the colored difference mapping technique and by using conventional film reading and the results were compared. RESULTS: Colored difference mapping accurately depicts the differences between successive magnetic resonance images and reveals small changes that are difficult to perceive in a visual evaluation. CONCLUSION: Colored difference mapping is suitable for comparison of images between two different radiologic examinations and helps to show even minimal changes in brain tissues.

A portable diagnostic workstation based on a Webpad: implementation and evaluation.

A wireless hand-held Webpad device was used to review a sample set of cranial computerized tomography (CT) studies to assess its diagnostic capabilities and its feasibility as a portable diagnostic workstation for radiology. The data-set consisted of 30 head CT studies of emergency cases. Two neuroradiologists and a senior radiologist participated in the evaluation of the portable workstation. They used a Web-based viewer that we developed, which provided all the major functionalities required for radiological image review. The reported radiological findings and diagnoses were compared with a gold standard, comprising a set of diagnoses previously formulated by a consensus panel of radiologists who had reviewed the original studies. The diagnoses made using the Webpad were correct (no major discrepancies) in 82 out of 90 interpretations (91%), which is comparable to the accuracy reported in image review with a conventional radiological workstation. The average total working time per diagnosis was 5 min 25 s (range 2-12 min). The simplicity of use of the system and its low cost make it suitable for distributing radiological studies within hospital facilities.

Cefuroxime axetil versus placebo for children with acute respiratory infection and imaging evidence of sinusitis: a randomized, controlled trial.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic treatment in children who presented in medical care with respiratory infection and had imaging evidence of sinusitis. METHODS: Eighty-two children (4-10 y) with acute respiratory symptoms and ultrasonography findings suggestive of acute rhinosinusitis were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind trial. The sinus findings were confirmed with plain radiographs. The children received either cefuroxime axetil in 125-mg capsules twice a day for 10 d or placebo. Main outcome measures were complete cure in 2 wk and absence of prolonged symptoms or complications. RESULTS: A total of 72 children (88%) completed follow-up. The sinusitis findings in the ultrasound could be confirmed with plain radiographs in 65 of the 72 patients (90%). The proportion of children completely cured by day 14 was similar in both groups (difference 6%, 95% confidence interval -16% to 29%). Similarly, there was no significant difference in the proportions of children who escaped prolonged disease and complications between the groups (difference 7%, -9% to 24%). CONCLUSION: A 10-d course of cefuroxime axetil offered no clinical benefit to children with an acute respiratory illness and imaging evidence of acute sinusitis.

Endplate degeneration observed on magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine: correlation with pain provocation and disc changes observed on computed tomography diskography.

STUDY DESIGN: One hundred and three lumbar intervertebral discs (L3/4-L5/S1) of 36 patients with low back pain were examined with computed tomography (CT) diskography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). OBJECTIVES: To determine whether lumbar endplate degeneration correlates with the degree of disc degeneration or disc rupture and to determine if there is an association between pain provocation during diskography and lumbar endplate degeneration. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: There have been numerous attempts to explain the pathogenesis of pain provocation during diskography, but the possibility of endplate degeneration as a source of pain has not been widely assessed. METHODS: One hundred and three lumbar intervertebral discs (36 L3/4, 36 L4/5, and 31 L5/S1 intervertebral discs) of 36 patients were examined. On the basis of MRI, the intervertebral discs were divided into four categories based on the degree of endplate degeneration. Based on pain provocation on diskography, the intervertebral discs were divided into three categories: no pain, indifferent/untypical pain, and familiar/typical pain. Based on disc degeneration and disc rupture, the intervertebral discs were divided into four categories in accordance with the Dallas Discogram Description: Grades 0-3 of both degeneration and rupture. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between endplate degeneration and disc degeneration and a positive correlation between disc rupture and pain provocation, but there was no association between endplate degeneration and disc rupture and no correlation between endplate degeneration and pain provocation on diskography. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a stronger association between endplate degeneration and disc degeneration than between endplate degeneration and disc rupture. The results indicate that the contrast injection during diskography reflects mainly pain of discogenic origin, whereas the possible pain associated with endplate damage cannot be depicted by CT diskography.

MRI changes of cervical spine in asymptomatic and symptomatic young adults.

Several work-related, psychosocial and individual factors have been verified as being related to neck and shoulder pain, but the role of pathology visualized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains unclear. In this study, the relationship between neck and shoulder pain and cervical high-field MRI findings was investigated in a sample of persons in a longitudinal survey. The study aimed to determine whether subjects with persistent or recurrent neck and shoulder pain were more likely to have abnormal MRI findings of cervical spine than those without neck and shoulder pain. A random sample of 826 high-school students was investigated initially when the students were 17-19 years, and again when they had reached 24-26 years of age. Eighty-seven percent participated in the first survey in 1989, of whom 76% took part in the second survey, in 1996. The validated Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to collect data about neck and shoulder symptoms. Two groups were chosen for the MRI study: the first group ( n=15) consisted of the participants who had reported no neck and shoulder symptoms in either of the inquiries, while the second group ( n=16) comprised those who were suffering from neck and shoulder symptoms once a week or more often at the time of both surveys. The degrees of disc degeneration, anular tear, disc herniation and protrusion were assessed by two radiologists. The differences between the two study groups were evaluated. The study found that abnormal MRI findings were common in both study groups. Disc herniation was the only MRI finding that was significantly associated with neck pain. These findings indicate that pathophysiological changes of cervical spine verified on MRI seem to explain only part of the occurrence of neck and shoulder pain in young adults.

Paranasal sinus findings in children during respiratory infection evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging.

OBJECTIVE: The spreading of acute respiratory infection into the paranasal sinuses in children is poorly defined. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency and spontaneous resolution of paranasal sinus abnormalities in children with acute respiratory infection using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: We examined 60 children with MRI (mean age: 5.7 years) with symptoms of acute respiratory infection. Twenty-six children with major abnormalities in the first MRI scan had a follow-up MRI taken 2 weeks later. RESULTS: The children had had symptoms of uncomplicated acute respiratory infection for an average of 6 days before the first examination (mean duration: 6.5; standard deviation: 3.0). Approximately 60% of the children had major abnormalities in their maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses, 35% in the sphenoidal sinuses, and 18% in the frontal sinuses. The most common abnormal finding was mucosal swelling. The mean overall MRI scores correlated significantly with the symptom scores (r(s) = 0.3). Of the individual symptoms, nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, and fever were significantly related to the MRI scores. Among the 26 children with major abnormalities in the first MRI, the findings subsequently improved significantly (mean [standard deviation] score: 12.7 [5.6] to 5.7 [5.2]), irrespective of the resolution of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These observations indicate that acute respiratory infection mostly spreads into the paranasal sinuses of children in the form of mucosal edema and that these abnormalities tend to resolve spontaneously without antimicrobial treatment.