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1.
Clin Exp Nephrol ; 26(1): 75-85, 2022 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34436742

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a high fatality rate, especially in hemodialysis (HD) patients, with this poor prognosis being caused by systemic hyperinflammation; cytokine storms. Steroid pulse therapy or tocilizumab (TCZ) have insufficient inhibitory effects against cytokine storms in critical cases. This study evaluated the clinical effects and safety of combining steroid pulse therapy and TCZ. METHODS: From September 2020 to May 2021, 201 patients with COVID-19 were admitted to our hospital. Before February 2021, patients with an oxygen demand exceeding 8 L/min were intubated and treated with standard therapy (dexamethasone and antiviral therapy). After February 2021, patients underwent high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy and were treated with TCZ (8 mg/kg) and methylprednisolone (mPSL) (500 mg/day [≤ 75 kg], 1000 mg/day [> 75 kg]) for 3 days. We compared background characteristics, laboratory findings, and prognosis between non-HD and HD patients and between patients who received and did not receive TCZ and mPSL pulse therapy. RESULTS: Among non-HD patients, the TCZ + mPSL pulse group had significantly higher survival rates and lower secondary infection rates (p < 0.05), than the standard therapy group. All HD patients in the standard therapy group with oxygen demand exceeding 8 L/min died. Contrastingly, all patients in the TCZ + mPSL pulse group survived, with their oxygen demand decreasing to 0-1 L/min within 3 weeks post-administration. CONCLUSION: TCZ combined with mPSL pulse therapy improved the survival rate without significant adverse events in critical HD and non-HD patients with COVID-19 by strongly suppressing systemic hyperinflammation.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19 , Síndrome da Liberação de Citocina/prevenção & controle , Glucocorticoides/administração & dosagem , Nefropatias/terapia , Metilprednisolona/administração & dosagem , Diálise Renal , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anti-Inflamatórios/efeitos adversos , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/efeitos adversos , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/imunologia , COVID-19/mortalidade , Síndrome da Liberação de Citocina/diagnóstico , Síndrome da Liberação de Citocina/imunologia , Síndrome da Liberação de Citocina/mortalidade , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Glucocorticoides/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Nefropatias/diagnóstico , Nefropatias/imunologia , Nefropatias/mortalidade , Masculino , Metilprednisolona/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pulsoterapia , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Diálise Renal/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
2.
Opt Express ; 25(25): 31407-31416, 2017 Dec 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29245815

RESUMO

We demonstrate a silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) strip-loaded waveguides on a silicon on insulator (SOI) platform, which can be fabricated by using a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible process without half etching of the SOI layer. Constructing a vertical p-n junction in a flat etchless SOI layer provides superior controllability and uniformity of carrier profiles. Moreover, the waveguide structure based on a thin a-Si:H strip line can be fabricated easily and precisely. Thanks to a large overlap between the depletion region and optical field in the SOI layer with a vertical p-n junction, the MZM provides 0.80- to 1.86-Vcm modulation efficiency and a 12.1- to 16.9-dBV loss-efficiency product, besides guaranteeing a 3-dB bandwidth of about 17 GHz and 28-Gbps high-speed operation. The αVπL is considerably lower than that of conventional high-speed modulators.

3.
Appl Opt ; 56(8): 2053-2059, 2017 Mar 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28375287

RESUMO

We analyzed two types of Mach-Zehnder plasmonic modulators on a silicon-on-insulator platform with a different furan-thiophene chromophore electro-optic polymer to compare to other reports. The metal-taper coupling structure and the metal-insulator-metal cross section in our design have been optimized based on the new material parameters. According to the simulation result, a modulator with a slot width of 50 nm and an on-off voltage of Vπ=20 V can be 21 µm long, leading to a total modulator loss of 15 dB, which is comparable to previously reported devices.

4.
Jpn J Infect Dis ; 75(5): 484-489, 2022 Sep 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35491224

RESUMO

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread dramatically worldwide. Nafamostat mesylate inhibits intracellular entry of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and is believed to have therapeutic potential for treating patients with COVID-19. In this study, patients with moderate COVID-19 who were admitted to our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Thirty-one patients received monotherapy with nafamostat mesylate, and 33 patients were treated conservatively. Nafamostat mesylate was administered with continuous intravenous infusion for an average of 4.5 days. Compared with the conservative treatment, nafamostat mesylate did not improve outcomes or laboratory data 5 days after admission. In addition, no significant differences in laboratory data 5 days after admission and outcomes in high-risk patients were observed. The incidence of hyperkalemia was significantly higher in the nafamostat mesylate group; however, none of the patients required additional treatment. In conclusion, monotherapy with nafamostat mesylate did not improve clinical outcomes in patients with moderate COVID-19. This study did not examine the therapeutic potential of combining nafamostat mesylate with other antiviral agents, and further investigation is required. Because of the high incidence of hyperkalemia, regular laboratory monitoring is required during the use of nafamostat mesylate.


Assuntos
Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19 , Hiperpotassemia , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Benzamidinas , Guanidinas , Humanos , Hiperpotassemia/induzido quimicamente , Hiperpotassemia/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos
5.
Jpn J Infect Dis ; 74(5): 411-415, 2021 Sep 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33518618

RESUMO

Several outbreaks of trench fever caused by Bartonella quintana occurred in soldiers during World Wars I and II. Although trench fever cases have been decreasing worldwide, the disease was reported among the homeless population in developing and developed countries. The current prevalence of B. quintana infection in Japan is unclear. Blood and body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus) samples were obtained from homeless inpatients with body lice during emergency hospitalization in Tokyo from January 2013 to March 2015. Patients were tested for B. quintana infections using the culture method, polymerase chain reaction, and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Among the 29 patients tested, the presence of Bartonella spp. was confirmed by genomic sequencing of DNA extracted from two samples from blood culture performed for 15 out of 29 patients and from body louse samples of 20 patients (69%). Immunoglobulin G against B. quintana was detected in 10 patients (34.5%) at a cut-off titer of 1:256 in IFA. B. quintana infection was detected in samples obtained between 2013 and 2015 in Tokyo and needs to be on the list of differential diagnoses performed for febrile homeless individuals.


Assuntos
Bartonella quintana/isolamento & purificação , Pessoas Mal Alojadas/estatística & dados numéricos , Pediculus , Febre das Trincheiras/diagnóstico , Idoso , Animais , Bartonella quintana/genética , Feminino , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Tóquio/epidemiologia , Febre das Trincheiras/epidemiologia
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