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1.
J Water Health ; 21(5): 643-652, 2023 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37254911

RESUMO

Cockroaches are known as mechanical vectors of some pathogens that can infect humans. The present study aims to rapidly identify Periplaneta americana fungal pathogens from sewer systems of public hospitals in Esfahan using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. A total of 55 P. americana cockroaches were randomly collected by direct trapping from sewer systems of seven hospitals and screened for fungal infectious agents using standard morphological methods and the PCR sequencing. From the American cockroach, we isolated 62 yeasts and 31 molds from the surface, hemocoel, and digestive tract of P. americana. Based on DNA sequence comparisons and other taxonomic characteristics, they were identified as more than four species of yeast and four species of mold. Yeast species including Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida glabrata, Pichia kluyveri, and Candida viswanathii, and molds such as Aspergillus niger, Penicillium italicum, Mucor plumbeus, and Rhizopus oryzae were isolated repeatedly from the surface, hemocoel, and digestive tract of P. americana. Our results show that the use of a combination of morphological, molecular techniques, and phylogenetic analysis can lead to the identification of pathogenic fungal agents in American cockroaches and also knowledge of fungal pathogens-arthropod host relationships.


Assuntos
Baratas , Periplaneta , Animais , Humanos , Baratas/microbiologia , Periplaneta/microbiologia , Filogenia , Fungos/genética , Hospitais
3.
Toxicol Ind Health ; 34(7): 459-467, 2018 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29669482

RESUMO

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of occupational exposure to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) on markers of oxidative stress in glazers in tile industries. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined in the blood of 80 subjects, including 40 glazers and 40 nonexposed subjects. Mean levels of blood Cd (8.90 ± 2.80 µg/L) and blood Pb (62.90 ± 38.10 µg/L) of glazers showed a significant increase compared with the control group. In the serum of glazers, the level of MDA was significantly higher and the level of TAC was significantly lower than the control group. We have noted a disturbance in the levels of antioxidants by a significant increase in the CAT activity and a significant decrease in the activities of SOD and GPx in the serum of glazers compared with the controls. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the serum MDA level and CAT activity were positively associated with the blood levels of Pb and Cd. Also, GPx and SOD were negatively correlated with blood Cd levels. The study clearly indicated that co-exposure to Cd and Pb can induce oxidative stress in glazers, resulting in increased lipid peroxidation and altered antioxidant enzymes.


Assuntos
Cádmio/toxicidade , Chumbo/toxicidade , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Antioxidantes/análise , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Indústria Manufatureira , Oxirredutases/sangue , Adulto Jovem
4.
Malar J ; 15: 222, 2016 Apr 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27091331

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of electricity network development on malaria transmission. The study was performed in the rural areas of three districts in Sistan-va-Baluchestan Province, Iran. METHODS: From the mentioned districts, 122 rural communities were selected. The data of the years 2005-2009 were collected retrospectively from data banks of the district health centres and the offices of the local electricity network. Fixed and random effects panel data regression models were fitted to determine the effects of electrification and other variables on malaria transmission during the elimination phase. RESULTS: It seems that access to electricity of rural communities, if not harmful, has no obvious effect on malaria control and prevention at least during the elimination phase in an underdeveloped region. Elevation above sea level and precipitation during spring and summer were found to be the other important, respectively, time-invariant and time-dependent variables associated with decreasing and increasing malaria transmission. Indoor residual spraying and the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets were not found to be effective in decreasing malaria transmission in the elimination phase. CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of electricity to a rural community does not guarantee an absolutely good effect on the reduction of malaria transmission.


Assuntos
Fontes de Energia Elétrica , Mosquiteiros Tratados com Inseticida/estatística & dados numéricos , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Malária/prevenção & controle , Controle de Mosquitos , População Rural , Animais , Anopheles/efeitos dos fármacos , Fontes de Energia Elétrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Incidência , Insetos Vetores/efeitos dos fármacos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Malária/epidemiologia , Malária/transmissão , Modelos Teóricos , Prevalência , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos
5.
Iran J Parasitol ; 19(1): 105-112, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38654952

RESUMO

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are still a considerable global public health problem. We aimed to determine the frequency of intestinal parasitic infections among people referring to the central laboratory of Meshkin Shahr City, Ardabil Province, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, 460 fecal samples were collected randomly from persons referred to the central laboratory of Meshkin Shahr City, from January to June 2022. The samples were examined by direct wet-mount, Trichrome and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining, formalin ethyl acetate sedimentation, and agar plate culture. Results: The frequency of intestinal parasites was 15.7% (72 out of 460 cases), with some people with numerous intestinal parasites. The frequency of protozoan infections (13.9%) was higher than the helminthic infections (2.6%). Blastocystis spp. (8.1%) was the most prevalent detected intestinal protozoan. Entamoeba coli (5.7%), Dicrocoelium dendriticum (2.2%), Giardia lamblia (1.5%), Fasciola spp. (0.2%), and Hymenolepis nana (0.2%) were other detected parasites. Conclusion: In- spite of betterment of the health condition in Iran and reduction of parasitic infection, intestinal parasitic infections are still a considerable public health issue in some parts of Iran.

6.
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports ; 48: 100975, 2024 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38316501

RESUMO

Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (E. granulosus s.l.) is a zoonotic parasite, causing cystic echinococcosis in humans. In the present study, prevalence and genotypes of E. granulosus s.l. was assessed in stools collected from 244 dogs including 138 stray and 106 domestic animals using high resolution melting curve (HRM) method. Initially, to detect taeniid eggs in feces, all samples were examined using the formalin-ether techniques. Genomic DNA was extracted from the positive samples and E. granulosus s.l. was differentiated from other Taeniidae parasites using SSU-rDNA gene and E. granulosus s.l. was analyzed for genotyping using HRM based on the cox1 gene. In total, 12.7% (31/244) of the samples were positive for Taeniidae eggs. In addition, among the positive samples, 77.4% (24/31) were positive for E. granulosus s.l.. In details, 11.3% (12/106) of the domestic dogs and 8.7% (12/138) of the stray dogs were positive for E. granulosus s.l.. The results of HRM analysis showed that all E. granulosus s.l. isolates were G1 strain. Findings of the present study indicated a considerable prevalence of E. granulosus G1 among dogs in the northeast of Iran and imply a serious risk of transmitting to humans and livestock.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Equinococose , Echinococcus granulosus , Doenças dos Ovinos , Ovinos , Cães , Animais , Humanos , Echinococcus granulosus/genética , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Equinococose/epidemiologia , Equinococose/veterinária , Equinococose/diagnóstico , Genótipo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia
7.
East Mediterr Health J ; 29(1): 6-14, 2023 Jan 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36710609

RESUMO

Background: Since November 2014, the pentavalent (Diptheria+Tetanus+Pertussis and Hepatitis B and Hib or DTP-HBHib) vaccine has been integrated into the Iranian national vaccination programme. Aims: We conducted a prospective study in Zahedan in the southeast of the Islamic Republic of Iran to determine the incidence of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with the pentavalent vaccine in children aged under one year. Methods: Using cluster sampling, 1119 children aged 2-10 months at 15 public health clinics were invited, through their parents, to participate in the study. The parents were trained to register and report any AEFIs in a questionnaire. They were instructed to return the child to the clinic for further examination by a physician if they observed any complications within 3 days of vaccination. Results: The most commonly reported AEFIs were fever (50.94%), mild (41.46%) and severe (1.70%) injection site complications, persistent crying for 3 hours or more (1.88%), hypotonic hyporesponsive episode (0.36%), vomiting (1.88%), diarrhoea (2.95%), and sterile abscess (0.62%). There were no cases of convulsion, purulent abscess or rash. The work experience of vaccinators (OR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.4-2.46) showed a significant statistical association with the incidence of mild local complications at the injection site. Those with a history of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) lymphadenitis (OR = 3.89; 95% CI:1.04-14.49) had a higher risk of severe local complications at the injection site. Conclusions: The observed incidence of serious AEFIs following pentavalent vaccine injection in the study population was within the expected range. However, some of the relationships observed in this study require further research.


Assuntos
Vacina contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche , Vacinas Anti-Haemophilus , Haemophilus influenzae tipo b , Vacinas Combinadas , Criança , Humanos , Lactente , Abscesso/induzido quimicamente , Vacinas Anti-Haemophilus/efeitos adversos , Vacinas contra Hepatite B/efeitos adversos , Imunização , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Vacinação/efeitos adversos , Vacinas Combinadas/efeitos adversos , Vacina contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche/efeitos adversos
8.
Mult Scler Relat Disord ; 71: 104557, 2023 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36857854

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Prevalence of multiple sclerosis has been increased during the last decades throughout the world. Epidemiological studies could improve our understanding relating to its intrinsic and extrinsic causes. OBJECTIVES: The current study has been conducted to determine the epidemiological features of MS in south-eastern Iran which is a semi-tropical area with different ethnicities. METHODS: This longitudinal descriptive study was carried out in south-eastern Iran, based on information of MS patients registered at Zahedan University of Medical Sciences database from 1990 to 2020. RESULTS: A total of 1045 cases were enrolled into the study. The age-standardized prevalence ratio of MS increased to 42.2/100,000 population by 2020. These figures showed increasing trends both in females and males and reached to 61.5 and 22.6 per 100,000 population, respectively by the year 2020. Likewise, the total incidence rate grew to its maximum amount of 4.5 in 2015. Female incidence also revealed an upward trend and peaked in 2016 to 6.4 while male incidence rate reached at its highest level of 1.8 in 2009. CONCLUSION: MS prevalence ratios and incidence rates in south-eastern Iran have been increasing steadily, especially in women during the last three decades. The south-eastern part of Iran should be considered a high-risk region.


Assuntos
Esclerose Múltipla , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Incidência , Prevalência , Esclerose Múltipla/epidemiologia , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Estudos Longitudinais
9.
Iran J Kidney Dis ; 17(3): 141-149, 2023 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37337798

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a hereditary kidney disease that can affect several organs. The clinical course of the disease varies among patients; some never become symptomatic, and others reach end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in the 5th decade of their life. METHODS: This historical cohort study was conducted on ADPKD patients to investigate kidney and patient survival rates and related risk factors in Iran. Survival analysis and risk ratio calculation were performed using the Cox proportional hazards model, Kaplan- Meier method, and log-rank test. RESULTS: Among the 145 participants, 67 developed ESKD, and 20 died before the end of the study period. Developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) at the age of ≤ 40, baseline serum creatinine level (SCr) of more than 1.5 mg/dL, and cardiovascular disease increased the risk of ESKD by 4, 1.8, and 2.4 times; respectively. Patient survival analysis revealed a fourfold increase in mortality if the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) declined more than 5 cc/min annually and if CKD was diagnosed at the age of ≤ 40. Vascular thrombotic events or ESKD in the course of disease increased the risk of death by approximately 6- and 7-fold, respectively. Kidney survival was 48% by the age of 60 and 28% by the age of 70. Patient survival was 86.05% at the age of 60 and 67.99% at the age of 70. Additionally, men had a significantly better renal function and survival than women. CONCLUSION: Elevated baseline SCr and cardiovascular disease can increase ESKD risk in ADPKD patients. A rapid decline in GFR, ESKD development, and vascular thrombotic events increase the risk of death, but early CKD can affect both.  DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.7551.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Falência Renal Crônica , Rim Policístico Autossômico Dominante , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Rim Policístico Autossômico Dominante/complicações , Rim Policístico Autossômico Dominante/diagnóstico , Estudos de Coortes , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Falência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Falência Renal Crônica/etiologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/etiologia , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Progressão da Doença
10.
Acta Cardiol ; 78(2): 250-255, 2023 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36082926

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The prognostic role of diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) in heart failure has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate DLCO variation in different systolic and diastolic heart failure stages. METHODS: This was a prospective cross-sectional study on 51 patients with systolic (reduced LVEF) or diastolic (preserved LVEF) chronic heart failure (CHF). All patients underwent a standard DLCO test. The associations between the severity of heart failure and reduced carbon monoxide transfer factor (TLCO), carbon monoxide transfer coefficient (KCO), and alveolar volume (VA) were investigated. Data were analysed using SPSS software version 16. p-Values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 59.29 ± 14.91 years, with 72% of the study population being male. Systolic heart failure was observed in 47% of patients, diastolic heart failure in 18%, and a mixed systolic and diastolic pattern in 35%. There were significant differences between TLCO percentage in patients with CHF types and the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classes (p = 0.042). Overall, an ejection fraction (EF) of less than 25% correlated with 3%, 53%, and 0.78 declines in TLCO, KCO%, and KCO index, respectively. CONCLUSION: Despite the lack of statistically significant differences between DLCO indices and CHF severity, decreased DLCO parameters correlated with reduced EF. Therefore, DLCO testing might be helpful to predict HF severity.


Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca , Capacidade de Difusão Pulmonar , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Monóxido de Carbono , Estudos Prospectivos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico
11.
East Mediterr Health J ; 28(2): 121-129, 2022 Feb 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35304909

RESUMO

Background: Although vaccination coverage against a disease is not exactly the same as community immunity against that disease, it is undoubtedly directly related to it and provides an estimate of the coherence and efficacy of community health infrastructure. Aims: To evaluate the vaccination coverage of children throughout the Islamic Republic of Iran in 2019. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. A probability proportional to size cluster sampling method was used and the vaccination data of 8682 children aged 24-35 months were collected in the form of 1447 clusters, each comprising six participants. Only valid data, including vaccination card or electronic health files, were used. The results were reported in the form of descriptive tables. Results: Overall, 97.82% of Iranian participants (8068 of 8248) and 90.32% of non-Iranian participants (392 of 434) had received all essential childhood vaccination by the time of interview. In total, 93.02% of all participants had presentable vaccination cards, and the immunization history of 535 (6.16%) children was retrieved using their electronic health files. The dropout rate between receiving pentavalent vaccine 1 and pentavalent vaccine 3 was 0.01%. In 29 provinces, vaccination coverage was ≥ 95%. In the other two provinces, the figure was 93.30%. Conclusion: Immunization coverage of children aged 24-35 months fully complied with eradication/elimination goals of vaccine-preventable diseases. In 2019, measles and rubella elimination was certified in the Islamic Republic of Iran. However, non-Iranian residents with immunization coverage < 95% constitute a high-risk group for possible outbreaks.


Assuntos
Sarampo , Cobertura Vacinal , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Sarampo/epidemiologia , Vacina contra Sarampo
12.
Adv Biomed Res ; 11: 79, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36393819

RESUMO

Background: Microsatellite instability (MSI) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is considered as a diagnostic and prognostic marker. MSI is a consequence of mismatch repair deficiency which is evaluated using the different microsatellite markers on the whole genome. In this pilot study, the diagnostic value of a novel triplex panel including three mononucleotide markers has been evaluated in comparison to the standard Promega kit for MSI testing in CRC patients with Amsterdam II criteria. Materials and Methods: DNA extracted from tumors and normal Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) tissues of index cases from 37 HNPCC (Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer) families were evaluated for MSI state. Primer design for three markers, including BAT25, ACVR2, and TGFBR2, was performed using 19 nucleotides of the M-13 phage. The instability of each marker was assessed through fragment analysis in comparison with Promega kit markers for all patients. The sensitivity and specificity of each marker have been calculated. Results: The comparative evaluation of MSI in both tumors and normal adjacent FFPE tissues demonstrated a separate sensitivity as 100%, 83.3%, and 76.9% for BAT25, ACVR2, and TGFBR2, respectively, and 100% sensitivity in the form of a triplex. Moreover, the specificity for each of these three markers in MSI testing was estimated as 100%, separately and in the form of the triplex in comparison with the Promega pentaplex standard Kit. Conclusions: A high sensitivity and specificity for the novel triplex panel in MSI-testing were estimated among Iranian patients. More studies are recommended to confirm this panel as a diagnostic kit for MSI testing.

13.
Acta Trop ; 226: 106267, 2022 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34890542

RESUMO

Rodents from the subfamily Gerbillinae are the principal reservoir of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania major in the center and northeast of Iran. This study was conducted to determine both naturally occurring Leishmania infection rates and the distribution of Leishmania species in the central parts of Iran during 2019-2020. In this regard, presence of Leishmania parasites were confirmed by microscopic examination and the species were identified by nested-PCR using the Internal Transcribed Spacer2- Ribosomal DNA (ITS2-rDNA). Finally, some samples were sequenced and, the blast analysis of L. major samples, showed a 92.45-100% homology to the L. major sequence. Of the 181 wild gerbils collected (Rhombomys opimus=157 and Meriones lybicus=24), 88 (48.6%) tested positive for Leishmania sp. by microscopic examination whereas 162 (89.5%) were positive by nested-PCR. Of the 162 infected gerbils, 103 showed single strain infections (30 L. major, 28 L. gerbilli and 45 L. turanica), 43 showed dual infections with only the non-human species (L. gerbilli and L. turanica), and 16 were mixed infections of L. major and L. turanica (n = 14) or L. gerbilli (n = 2). All single or mixed L. major infections were detected in gerbils from areas with reports of human CL during the last decade. These findings suggest that Rhombomys opimus and Meriones libycus have a potential role in the maintenance of human and non-human transmission of Leishmania species in the CL foci.


Assuntos
Leishmania major , Leishmaniose Cutânea , Animais , Reservatórios de Doenças , Gerbillinae , Política de Saúde , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Leishmania major/genética , Leishmaniose Cutânea/epidemiologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/veterinária
14.
Arch Iran Med ; 24(2): 139-143, 2021 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33636983

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may lead to the cytokine storm syndrome which may cause acute respiratory failure syndrome and death. Our aim was to investigate the therapeutic effects of infliximab, intravenous gammaglobulin (IVIg) or combination therapy in patients with severe COVID-19 disease admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: In this observational research, we studied 104 intubated adult patients with severe COVID-19 infection (based on clinical symptoms, and radiographic or CT scan parameters) who were admitted to the ICU of a multispecialty hospital during March 2020 in Tehran, Iran. All cases received standard treatment regimens as local protocol (Oseltamivir + hydroxychloroquine + lopinavir/ritonavir or sofosbuvir or atazanavir ± ribavirin). The cases were grouped as controls (n = 43), infliximab (n = 27), IVIg (n = 23) and combination (n = 11). RESULTS: There was no significant difference between controls and treatment groups in terms of underlying diseases or the number of underlying diseases. The mean age (SD) of cases was 72.42 (16.06) in the control group, 64.52 (12.965) in IVIg, 63.40 (17.57) in infliximab and 64.00 (11.679) in combination therapy; (P = 0.047, 0.031 and 0.11, respectively). Also, 37% in the infliximab group, 26.1% in IVIg, 45.5% in combination therapy, and 62.8% in the control group expired (all P < 0.05). Hazard ratios were 0.31 in IVIg (95% CI: 0.12-0.76, P = 0.01), 0.30 in infliximab (95% CI: 0.13-0.67, P = 0.004), 0.39 in combination therapy (95% CI: 0.12-1.09, P = 0.071). CONCLUSION: According to the findings of this study, it seems that infliximab and IVIg, alone or together, in patients with severe COVID-19 disease can be considered an effective treatment.


Assuntos
Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19 , Imunoglobulinas Intravenosas/administração & dosagem , Infliximab/administração & dosagem , Pacientes Internados , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Adulto , Antirreumáticos/administração & dosagem , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Fatores Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem
15.
Exp Parasitol ; 124(2): 209-13, 2010 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19769969

RESUMO

Accurate morphological differentiation between the liver fluke species Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica is difficult. We evaluated PCR-restriction enzyme profiles of internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) that could aid in their identification. Fifty F. hepatica and 30 F. gigantica specimens were collected from different hosts in three provinces of Iran. For DNA extraction, we crushed fragments of the worms between two glass slides as a new method to break down the cells. DNA from the crushed materials was then extracted with a conventional phenol-chloroform method and with the newly developed technique, commercial FTA cards. A primer pair was selected to amplify a 463-bp region of the ITS1 sequence. After sequencing 14 samples and in silico analysis, cutting sites of all known enzymes were predicted and TasI was selected as the enzyme that yielded the most informative profile. Crushing produced enough DNA for PCR amplification with both the phenol-chloroform and commercial FTA card method. The DNA extracted from all samples was successfully amplified and yielded a single sharp band of the expected size. Digestion of PCR products with TasI allowed us to distinguish the two species. In all samples, molecular identification was consistent with morphological identification. Our PCR-restriction enzyme profile is a simple, rapid and reliable method for differentiating F. hepatica and F. gigantica, and can be used for diagnostic and epidemiological purposes.


Assuntos
DNA de Helmintos/isolamento & purificação , Fasciola hepatica/isolamento & purificação , Fasciola/isolamento & purificação , Fasciolíase/parasitologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Matadouros , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Búfalos , Bovinos , Primers do DNA , Enzimas de Restrição do DNA , DNA de Helmintos/química , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar , Fasciola/classificação , Fasciola/genética , Fasciola hepatica/classificação , Fasciola hepatica/genética , Fasciolíase/diagnóstico , Cabras , Irã (Geográfico) , Fígado/parasitologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Mapeamento por Restrição , Alinhamento de Sequência , Ovinos
16.
Acta Med Iran ; 48(3): 198-9, 2010.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21137659

RESUMO

A case who was suffering from abdominal pain and chronic diarrhea refered to Isfahan Health Training and Research Center, Institute of Public Health. Current treatments for chronic diarrhea incloding a traial of gluten fre diet were performed but these were not effective because he was infected by Dicrocoelium dentriticum. Then he was cured with parasitic treatment.


Assuntos
Diarreia/parasitologia , Dicrocelíase/diagnóstico , Doença Crônica , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Masculino
17.
Vaccine ; 38(2): 235-241, 2020 01 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31668816

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Measles and rubella as two highly contagious eruptive diseases are on the agenda to be eliminated in Iran by 2020. To evaluate the seroimmunity of the future mothers against rubella and measles, a nationwide serosurvey was implemented in 10 provinces, selected at random from 31 provinces in the country. METHODS: using a multistage sampling method, 1600 participants were interviewed and blood sampled in 40 'Pre-marriage Consultation Centers' across 40 districts. Using ELISA method, the sera were tested for anti-rubella and anti-measles IgG antibodies in the National Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. RESULTS: Of the 1600 initial participants, the sera of 1573 participants were tested for rubella and 1569 for measles. The total seroprevalence of anti-rubella and anti-measles antibodies were 90.6% (95%CI: 89.1 to 92.0%) and 80.7% (95%CI: 78.7 to 82.6%) respectively. After 14 years, the effect of the immunization campaign of 2003 against rubella and measles on the age group of 5 to 25 years, was still apparent, i.e., there was a sharp difference between the seroprevalence of antibody (against both measles and rubella) of those who at the time of the present study were above 18 years with the younger age cohorts. For both diseases, higher seroprevalence of antibodies was detected in women above 18 years old. CONCLUSION: Implementation of a Supplemental Immunization activity or revision of the national immunization schedule to add a third dose of measles and rubella containing vaccine during adolescence are/might be considered as possible options for bridging the gap in the seroimmunity of the younger age groups.


Assuntos
Vacina contra Sarampo/administração & dosagem , Sarampo/imunologia , Vacina contra Rubéola/administração & dosagem , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Programas de Imunização , Esquemas de Imunização , Irã (Geográfico) , Casamento , Sarampo/prevenção & controle , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/prevenção & controle , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
18.
Infect Drug Resist ; 13: 2355-2364, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32765010

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease common in tropical and subtropical regions caused by the genus Leishmania, which is transmitted by the bite of female sandflies. In this study, we evaluate the anti-leishmanial effect of recombinant Clostridium α-toxin protein alone and the combination with glucantime through in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Production, expression, and purification of recombinant α-toxin were evaluated by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting techniques. The antileishmanial activities of the purified α-toxin plus and without glucantime were examined in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: The results indicated successful expression of α-toxin as a 48 kDa band on SDS-PAGE and Western blot methods. Also, evaluation of α-toxin IC50 showed the strong fatal effect of it, and glucantime on medium proliferated Leishmania promastigotes at lower concentrations compared with glucantime or α-toxin alone. Moreover, in vivo surveys showed that at the end of treatment courses, the mean of lesion size diminished in glucantime plus α-toxin treated mice versus negative control groups (p < 0.001). Also, there was a significant difference in the parasite burden of the spleen and liver of the control versus the test groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results showed recombinant α-toxin has synergistic effects with glucantime in destroying Leishmania parasites.

19.
Iran J Parasitol ; 15(1): 31-39, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32489373

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and genotype of Cryptosporidium spp. in different groups of immunocompromised patients admitted to the referral hospitals in center of Iran during 2015-2016. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 346 immunocompromised patients (HIV+/AIDS, Lymphoma, Leukemia and organ transplants) in referred hospitals from central parts of Iran including Isfahan, Markazi, Yazd and Chaharmahale Bakhtiari provinces. Stool samples were analyzed for Cryptosporidium species, modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining techniques followed by the semi-nested PCR and DNA sequencing methods. RESULTS: The total rate of Cryptosporidium spp. was 3.46% (12/346) in the patients, however, the prevalence of the parasite, was 4.6% (4/87) in HIV+/AIDS patients, 3.6% (6/168) in patients with blood malignancy and 2.1% (2/91) in organ transplant recipients. The SSU rRNA gene of Cryptosporidium spp. in all microscopic-positive samples was effectively amplified by the semi-nested PCR and DNA sequences, exposed the existence of two Cryptosporidium species, including C. hominis 91.6% (11/12) and C. parvum 8.3% (1/12). CONCLUSION: The predominance of C. hominis in the present study may be certifies the importance of anthroponotic transmission of cryptosporidiosis in center of Iran.

20.
Jpn J Infect Dis ; 62(1): 11-5, 2009 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19168952

RESUMO

The mortality rate resulting from Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) has been reported in different epidemics to range from 5% to more than 70%. While ribavirin has been recommended as the drug of choice in the treatment of CCHF, no consistent study has unequivocally demonstrated its effectiveness. Using the case-control method, we attempted to evaluate the efficacy of ribavirin in reducing mortality among CCHF cases admitted to Boo-Ali Educational Hospital in Zahedan, Iran, during the years 2000 to 2006. Sixteen deaths among CCHF cases were compared with 47 cases of survival. All patients had a definitive diagnosis based on the results of IgG and IgM capture ELISA tests recorded in their files. Ribavirin therapy for patients who survived had begun on average approximately 24 h earlier than the initiation of ribavirin therapy in the cases of death (P=0.033), and about 2 days earlier in non-bleeding survivors than in bleeding survivors (P=0.013). Based on the results of a multivariable analysis, the most important variables found to enhance survival were the time interval between the disease onset and ribavirin prescription (P=0.004), the time interval between bleeding onset and ribavirin prescription (P=0.037), and the time interval between disease onset and bleeding onset (P=0.014). Based on our findings, ribavirin appears to exert a marked effect on disease outcome, especially when it is prescribed within the first 4 days of the disease.


Assuntos
Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Vírus da Febre Hemorrágica da Crimeia-Congo/efeitos dos fármacos , Febre Hemorrágica da Crimeia/tratamento farmacológico , Ribavirina/uso terapêutico , Administração Oral , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Antivirais/farmacologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Vírus da Febre Hemorrágica da Crimeia-Congo/isolamento & purificação , Febre Hemorrágica da Crimeia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/análise , Imunoglobulina M/análise , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Ribavirina/farmacologia , Sobreviventes , Resultado do Tratamento
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