[Possibilities of post-processing of multislice computed tomography results in non-invasive diagnosis of pancreatic fibrosis].

AIM: To evaluate the possibilities of post-processing of multidetector computed tomography (CT) results in the non-invasive diagnosis of pancreatic fibrosis (PF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 165 patients aged 57.91±13.5 years who underwent preoperative CT during surgical treatment for chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer from April 2022 to February 2024. The normalized contrast ratios of pancreatic tissue in the pancreatic (NCPP) and venous (NCVP) phases, as well as the contrast ratio (CR) were measured. Pathomorphological assessment of PF performed in tissues outside neoplasm or desmoplastic reaction by the Kloppel and Maillet scale. RESULTS: The values of post-processing CT results were compared in groups with different degrees of PF. Mean CR values were significantly higher (p=0.001) in patients with severe PF (CR 1.16±0.65 HU) than in patients with mild PF (CR 0.78±0.31 HU). CR value significant increase (p=0.03) was found in patients with signs of inflammatory changes in the pancreas tissue (CR 1.14±0.6 HU) than in those without them (CR 0.81±0.3 HU). There were no significant differences between the values of NCPP and NCVP, and the degree of PF. CONCLUSION: The CR value increased in patients with severe degree of PF. There was a relationship between CR value increase and the radiological density of pancreatic tissue in non-contrast phase and presence of early signs of pancreatic inflammatory changes. Thus, there was a relationship between CT postprocessing results and morphological signs of PF, which can be used for pancreatic fibrosis non-invasive diagnosis and identification of additional signs of early chronic pancreatitis.

[Minimally invasive esophagectomy for benign esophageal diseases: results of a two-center study]. / Minimal'no invazivnaya ezofagektomiya pri dobrokachestvennykh zabolevaniyakh pishchevoda: rezul'taty dvukhtsentrovogo issledovaniya.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of thoracoscopic esophagectomy for benign esophageal diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 78 patients who underwent thoracoscopic esophagectomy between 2011 and 2019. Peptic and burn strictures of the esophagus were diagnosed in 53 patients, achalasia - in 24 patients. Minimally invasive esophagectomy and esophagoplasty with isoperistaltic gastric tube and esophagogastrostomy on the neck was performed in 68 patients, Ivor Lewis esophagectomy - in 1 patient, coloesophagoplasty - in 9 patients. We used manual technique of anastomosis in 58 patients, stapling device - in 19 patients. In 1 case, surgery was finished with esophagostomy and gastrostomy. RESULTS: Mean blood loss was 200 ml (10-1200), surgery time - 450 min (265-765 min). Early postoperative complications occurred in 37 patients including anastomotic leakage in 24 cases. In long-term period, anastomotic strictures developed in 9 patients. No mortality was observed. CONCLUSION: Minimally invasive esophagectomy for benign esophageal diseases ensures favorable clinical outcomes. However, no consensus in the choice of surgical approach and indications, as well as small number of these patients cause challenges in implementation of this technique. There are different opinions regarding technique of anastomosis on the neck and surgical access in thoracoscopic esophagectomy.

[CT angiography and endovascular treatment in acute mesenteric ischemia]. / KT-angiografiya i endovaskulyarnye vmeshatel'stva pri ostroi mezenterial'noi ishemii ­ pervye rezul'taty.

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the treatment strategy for acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 43 patients aged 76.4±10.3 years. CT angiography and endovascular repair of mesenteric vessels underlie the new treatment approach. RESULTS: CT angiography according to the established criteria was performed in 31 patients with suspected AMI throughout 1 year. Sensitivity was 90.0%, specificity - 100%, accuracy - 95%. Endovascular interventions were applied in 13 patients (successful in 8 cases and unsuccessful in 5 patients). Mortality rate was 37.5%. Fifteen patients with clinical signs of peritonitis or after previous unsuccessful interventional revascularization underwent open surgery. Mortality rate was 86.7%. CONCLUSION: CT angiography is valuable to diagnose AMI at the stage of reversible changes in bowel wall in some cases. Endovascular revascularization as the first-line treatment has certain prospects.

[Poorly cohesive gastric carcinoma. Validity of using the term; translation variants]. / Kartsinoma zheludka iz plokho stseplennykh kletok. Pravomochnost' ispol'zovaniya termina i varianty perevoda.

Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is common practice to use two classification systems: the Lauren classification system and the WHO classification of tumors in the morphological study of gastric carcinomas. Since 2010, the WHO classifications have included the term "poorly cohesive carcinoma", which refers to all diffuse forms of gastric cancer, including signet ring cell carcinoma and other subtypes. Despite this, the term has not been widely used in the world community, and it is almost not found in Russian literature. Only recently, after the publication of the 5th edition of the WHO classification (2019), there have been review articles where the term is used, but its name can be translated into Russian in different ways: poor-, weak -, low-adhesive, discogesive. The paper analyzes the Pubmed and Elibrary databases in order to find out the frequency of using various designations for diffuse gastric carcinoma, justifies the use of the term «poorly cohesive carcinoma¼, and proposes a variant of the term interpretation in Russian.

[Is acute mesenteric ischemia incurable situation? The current state of the problem]. / Ostraya mezenterial'naya ishemiya ­ inkurabel'naya situatsiya? Sovremennoe sostoyanie problemy.

Mortality rates in acute mesenteric ischemia remain at an extremely high level for many decades. Early diagnosis and selection of the optimal method of revascularization are among the ways to optimize tactics. The diagnostic study of choice is CT angiography. Its active and systemic use can help to detect ischemia at the reversible stage. The article examines in detail the indications for the application of this diagnostic study. The question of preference for the revascularization method remains debatable. The arguments of proponents of open and endovascular interventions on mesenteric vessels are presented. Other, still unresolved tactical issues are also considered, such as indications for re-operations and application of the principles of damage control tactics.

[Eras protocol for laparoscopic Frey procedure (in Russian only)]. / Protokol uskorennogo vosstanovleniia bol'nykh pri laparoskopicheskoi operatsii Freia.

AIM: To assess the use of ERAS in laparoscopic Frey procedure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From August 2012 to November 2017 laparoscopic Frey procedure were performed in 35 patients. Fully laparoscopic were performed 31 (88.5%) procedures. We use fast-track protocol from 13 patients. We included from statistic analyses patients where procedure was changed or was conversion or was simultaneous procedure. The total number of patients analyzed was 27. The patients were divided into two groups: I - before the fast-track protocol (n=11), II - after the protocol implementation (n=16). RESULTS: The operating time was 460 (365-530) minutes in I group and 420 (295-540) minutes in II group. Blood loss was 150 (5-300) and 150 (40-700) ml. The median postoperative stay period was 10 (5-25) days and 6.5 (3-11) days (p=0.007). CONCLUSION: The combination of laparoscopic technologies and fast-track protocol reduces the duration of the postoperative stay period.

[Cytological diagnostics of intraoperative peritoneal washes in gastric cancer.]

Diagnosis of peritoneal microcanceromatosis is the most important task allowing to determine treatment strategy for patients with stomach cancer. Laparoscopy combined with peritoneal flushing and subsequent cytological examination should be performed to detect the peritoneal microcanceromatosis at the preoperative stage. The objective of this work was to improve cytological diagnostics of peritoneal washings using immunocytochemical techniques and the cell block method. The work was carried out on the basis of 276 surgical peritoneal washings in patients with stomach cancer who were on treatment in the department of high-tech surgery of the Moscow Clinical Scientific Centre of the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution named after Loginov A.S. from June 2016 to June 2018. As a result, the optimal panel of monoclonal antibodies (Ber-EP4, CEA, CK20) was chosen, which increased the sensitivity from 52% to 96% and the specificity of cytological diagnosis from 80% to 98%, and the overall accuracy of the method from 67% to 98%.

Russian consensus on exo- and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency after surgical treatment.

The Russian consensus on exo- and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency after surgical treatment was prepared on the initiative of the Russian "Pancreatic Club" on the Delphi method. His goal was to clarify and consolidate the opinions of specialists on the most relevant issues of diagnosis and treatment of exo- and endocrine insufficiency after surgical interventions on the pancreas. An interdisciplinary approach is provided by the participation of leading gastroenterologists and surgeons.

[Laparoscopic pancreatic head resection]. / Laparoskopicheskaia rezektsiia podzheludochnoi zhelezy.

AIM: To analyze the features and efficacy of laparoscopic Frey procedure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For the period from August 2012 to May 2017 Frey procedure was carried out in 31 patients with chronic calculous pancreatitis Buchler type C. There were 20 men and 11 women aged 48.6±9 years. Mean pancreatic head dimension was 35.5±14 mm, diameter of the main pancreatic duct - 9.6±2.7 mm. RESULTS: Completely laparoscopic procedure was made in 28 (90.3%) cases. One patient required intraoperatively Beger's technique without conversion. The last was need in 2 (6.5%) cases. Time of surgery and blood loss were 447.3±90.4 min and 215±177.7 ml respectively. Mean postoperative hospital-stay was 8.4±4.5 days. Postoperative complications occurred in 7 patients. Mortality was absent. Follow-up was 1-41 months. Recurrent pain syndrome was observed in 1 case. However, it was less severe and does not require analgesia.

[The Russian consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis: Enzyme replacement therapy]. / Rossiiskii konsensus po diagnostike i lecheniiu khronicheskogo pankreatita: zamestitel'naia fermentnaia terapiia.

Pancreatology Club Professional Medical Community, 1A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Research and Practical Center, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow; 2A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow; 3Kazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Kazan; 4Kazan (Volga) Federal University, Kazan; 5Far Eastern State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Khabarovsk; 6Morozov City Children's Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow; 7I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Saint Petersburg; 8Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Tomsk; 9M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow; 10Maimonides State Classical Academy, Moscow; 11V.I. Razumovsky State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Saratov; 12I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow; 13S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Ministry of Defense of Russia, Saint Petersburg; 14Surgut State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Surgut; 15City Clinical Hospital Five, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow; 16Nizhny Novgorod Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of Russia, Nizhny Novgorod; 17Territorial Clinical Hospital Two, Ministry of Health of the Krasnodar Territory, Krasnodar; 18Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Saint Petersburg; 19Rostov State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Rostov-on-Don; 20Omsk Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Omsk; 21Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow; 22Novosibirsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Novosibirsk; 23Stavropol State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Stavropol; 24Kemerovo State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Kemerovo; 25N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow; 26A.M. Nikiforov All-Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine, Russian Ministry for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters, Saint Petersburg; 27Research Institute for Medical Problems of the North, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk; 28S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow; 29Tver State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Tver The Russian consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis has been prepared on the initiative of the Russian Pancreatology Club to clarify and consolidate the opinions of Russian specialists (gastroenterologists, surgeons, and pediatricians) on the most significant problems of diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis. This article continues a series of publications explaining the most significant interdisciplinary consensus statements and deals with enzyme replacement therapy.

[Duodenal dystrophy: An interdisciplinary problem].

Duodenal dystrophy (DD) is the pathological change in the wall of the duodenum, which is caused by chronic inflammation in its ectopic pancreatic tissue. The most common complications of DD are acute or chronic pancreatitis and impaired duodenal patency, which along with severe pain are an indication for surgical treatment. Pancreaticoduodenal resection is recognized as the operation of choice. The paper describes a clinical case demonstrating the efficiency and safety of minimally invasive (laparoscopic) surgical technologies in this category of patients. Resectional interventions of this volume are also shown to be accompanied by the development of pancreatic insufficiency that necessitates continuous enzyme replacement therapy.

[Opportunities of endovideosurgical interventions in thoracic and abdominal trauma].

AIM: To analyze the results of laparo- and thoracoscopy in patients with thoracic and abdominal trauma in conditions of emergency hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For the period 2006-2013 we performed 56 laparoscopic and 15 thoracoscopic interventions in 67 patients with trauma. There were 80.6% of men and 19.4% of women aged 35±1.7 years. Abdominal, thoracic and thoraco-abdominal injuries were observed in 51 (76.1%), 14 (20.9%) and 2 (3%) patients. Abdominal or thoracic trauma alone was diagnosed in 41 (61.2%) cases and combined injury - in 26 (38.8%) patients. 37 (66%) interventions were performed laparoscopically. Conversion to laparotomy was observed in 19 (34%) cases. Mean volume of hemoperitoneum was 458 ml (range 100-1100 ml). In 11 (73.3%) patients thoracoscopic surgery was performed and conversion of access was applied in 4 (26.7%) cases. RESULTS: No injuries of internal organs were observed in 19.6% and 13.3% of patients using laparo- and thoracoscopy respectively. So inadvisable open surgery was prevented although formal indications for laparo- and thoracotomy were present. In 25% and 20% of abdominal and thoracic damages respectively we avoided relatively unjustified laparo- or thoracotomy because of injuries were cured endoscopically. No one missed injury was observed. Postoperative complications were diagnosed in 5.6% of cases. Mortality rate was 15.6% in case of severe combined trauma. Mean hospital stay was 23.2 days (range 3-105). CONCLUSION: Endoscopic techniques are perspective in treatment of thoracic and abdominal trauma. It allows to avoid inadvisable laparo- and thoracotomy in some cases and to improve results of treatment.

[Mesenteric inflammatory veno-occlusive disease is a rare nosological entity: Literature review and the authors' clinical observation].

Mesenteric inflammatory veno-occlusive disease (MIVOD) is a rare disease. Its basis is inflammation of the small and medium-sized mesenteric veins, which is generally complicated by thrombosis and intestinal ischemia. Arteries are not therewith involved in the process. According to the location, either ischemic jejunitis (ileitis) or segmental colitis develops. The etiology and incidence of MIVOD are unknown. Only a few tens of descriptions of clinical cases have been published. MIVOD is differentially diagnosed with Crohn's disease and vasculitides (Behçet's syndrome, Buerger's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus). The paper presents a MIVOD patient with partial thrombosis of portal, superior mesenteric and splenic veins, pylephlebitis, extrahepatic portal hypertension and with ischemic jejunitis complicated by fistulas, subcompensated stenosis, and seropurulent peritonitis. At laparotomy, an infiltrate with multiple interintestinal abscesses and a 40-cm jejunal segment with 4 fistular openings up to 1.5 cm in diameter and necrotic walls were removed and an interintestinal anastomosis was applied. A morphological examination of the operative material detected thrombi, stases, and pronounced plethora of the veins with fibrinoid changes in their walls. The lumen of arterial vessels of different diameters was free. No signs of systemic vasculitis and Crohn's disease were found. The postoperative period was uncomplicated.

[Thoracolaparoscopic simultaneous operations on esophagus].

Extirpation or subtotal resection of esophagus was performed in 14 patients by using of thoracolaparoscopic technique in terms from November 2011 to March 2014. The mean patients' age was 56 years old (27-67 years). In 10 patients indications for surgery included benign esophagus diseases such as cardiospasm stage IV (2 cases), peptic stricture (5 cases) and burn stricture (3 cases). 4 patients were operated for esophagus cancer including middle one-third cancer in 1 patient, lower one-third cancer in 3 cases. 10 patients underwent extirpation of esophagus with peristaltic gastric tube plasty. 1 patient had esophagus substituted by segment of the left colon. Esophageal anastomoses were formed on the neck (interrupted sutures were applied in 7 patients; staplers - in 3 cases). Lewis operation with intrapleural esophageal-gastric anastomosis forming was performed in 3 patients. The mean surgery duration was 579 minutes (305-710 min), mean blood loss - 141 ml (from 50 to 300 ml). Postoperative period had not complications in 8 of 14 patients. Different complications including partial failure of the anastomosis on the neck (5 cases), intrapleural anastomosis failure (1 case) were observed in 6 patients. Partial failure of the anastomosis on the neck was treated by using of therapy. All patients recovered. Patient with intrapleural anastomosis failure required additional surgery which included uncoupling of anastomosis, esophagostomy on the neck and gastrostomy forming. This patient died from recurrent myocardial infarction. Thus the authors consider that complete thoracolaparoscopic technique provides precise preparation of esophagus and stomach, adequate lymphadenectomy with minimal blood loss and operative trauma. The results after these operations are comparable with those after open interventions. Thoracolaparoscopic simultaneous operations must be applied in clinics having sufficient experience in esophagus surgery and thoracolaparoscopic technique.