Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy and pyloroplasty in dogs.

This article describes clinical experiments involving laparoscopic pyloromyotomy and pyloroplasty in six dogs diagnosed with hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter. Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy was performed in three dogs, and pyloroplasty was carried out in the remaining three animals. The patients were operated on based on the authors' previous experiences with experimental pyloromyotomy and pyloroplasty in pigs. Pyloromyotomy and pyloroplasty resulted in full recovery and complete subsidence of symptoms in all patients.

The use of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing equine deep digital flexor tendinopathies--own experience.

Deep digital flexor tendinopathy is a common problem in horses of different athletic disciplines. Nowadays, the use of magnetic resonance imaging is considered to be a noninvasive and superior choice for recognizing bone and soft tissue pathologies especially related to difficult to access structures within the hoof capsule.

Stem cells in dentistry--review of literature.

Stem cells have been successfully isolated from a variety of human and animal tissues, including dental pulp. This achievement marks progress in regenerative dentistry. This article reviews the latest improvements made in regenerative dental medicine with the involvement of stem cells. Although, various types of multipotent somatic cells can be applied in dentistry, two types of cells have been investigated in this review. Dental pulp cells are classified as: DPSCs, SCAPs and SHEDs.The third group includes two types of cell associated with the periodontium: PDL and DFPC. This review aims to systematize basic knowledge about cellular engineering in dentistry.

Most commonly used sequences and clinical protocols for brain and spine magnetic resonance imaging allowing better identification of pathological changes in dogs.

Magnetic resonance imaging is the best imaging modality for the brain and spine. Quality of the received images depends on many technical factors. The most significant factors are: positioning the patient, proper coil selection, selection of appropriate sequences and image planes. The present contrast between different tissues provides an opportunity to diagnose various lesions. In many clinics magnetic resonance imaging has replaced myelography because of its noninvasive modality and because it provides excellent anatomic detail. There are many different combinations of sequences possible for spinal and brain MR imaging. Most frequently used are: T2-weighted fast spin echo (FSE), T1- and T2-weighted turbo spin echo, Fluid Attenuation Inversion Recovery (FLAIR), T1-weighted gradient echo (GE) and spin echo (SE), high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) sequences, fat-suppressing short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo (HASTE). Magnetic resonance imaging reveals neurologic lesions which were previously hard to diagnose antemortem.

Magnetic resonance protocols in equine lameness examination, used sequences, and interpretation.

Magnetic resonance is a great diagnostic tool in equine lameness examination. Its value is most significantly visible in evaluating distal extremities. Problems with podotrochlear apparatus, laminitis or distal interphalangeal joint osteoarthritis are the most common disorders diagnosed in equine patients. Without using magnetic resonance it was impossible to clearly assess which structures are involved in each of these diseases. One of the most important things in MRI is the choice of sequence. Most commonly used are T1 GE, T2 FSE, STIR and T2* GE, in sagittal, transverse and dorsal planes. To make a reliable diagnosis it is important to compare findings in all these sequences.

Treatment of tibial shaft fractures in sheep using interlocking nails, Schanz screws and type I external fixators.

This paper presents the results of a study of the treatment of transverse tibial shaft fractures in six sheep with the use of interlocking nails and type I extemal fixators. During surgery, tibial osteotomy was performed to induce an experimental fracture which was stabilized using a type I extemal fixator. Osteosynthesis was monitored for nine weeks by performing clinical tests, observing the degree of lameness and subjecting the patients to weekly radiological examinations. After nine weeks, the animals were euthanized, and samples of bone callus were sampled for histopathological analyses. Weight bearing on the fractured limb began on day 2 to 4 after treatment. Limb function was fully restored around five weeks after surgery. Radiograms taken during the observation period revealed gradual hyperplasia and progressing mineralization of bone callus at different stages of healing. The histopathological picture of the bone callus was characteristic of the phase of bone turnover and remodeling.

Treatment of comminuted tibial shaft fractures in four dogs with the use of interlocking nail connected with type I external fixator.

The treatment of comminuted tibial shaft fractures in canine patients is burdened by significant risk which involves bone healing complications, such as delayed bone union. Complications may result from iatrogenic damage to blood vessels during fracture stabilization. To minimize this risk, treatment methods increasingly often rely on the concept of biological osteosynthesis. One of such methods involves the treatment of fractures with the use of new hybrid fixator consisted of an interlocking nail connected with type I external fixator. Connection of the nail with external fixator has been recently developed to maximize treatment efficiency. This manner of stabilization increases bone-fixator construct strength on forces acting in the place of fracture. It also enables fracture fixation with minimal damage of the blood supply of bone fragments. This article describes surgical procedure of stabilization of comminuted tibial bone fractures in four dogs by the use of interlocking nail connected with external fixator type I, discusses and evaluates the results of clinical treatment with the involvement of the said fixator. To control bone consolidation process the radiograms were taken in 6 and 8 week of healing. In all cases, the reviewed methods of clinical treatment were successful in producing bone union after eight week of healing. During the whole period of observations no complication was observed. In all cases the intramedullary nail were left in the medullary canal after the healing process was finished. The fixator supported quick restoration of limb function after treatment.

Magnetic resonance imaging of selected limb joints in dogs.

The presented paper presents updated information concerning magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of shoulder joint, elbow joint and knee joint in dogs. It describes indications, planes, standard sequences, slice thickness to perform MRI examination of above mentioned joints. Besides general information about basic physics use in magnetic resonance imaging, and practical information about magnetic resonance and it usage in orthopedic examination are given.

A comparison of magnetic resonance imaging sequences in evaluating pathological changes in the canine spinal cord.

This paper discusses 28 canine patients subjected to low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spinal cord for neurological indications. The authors describe and compare the used MRI sequences with an indication of the most effective sequences in MRI examinations that require short scanning time. The most effective sequences supporting a quick diagnosis of spinal diseases in dogs were SE (spin echo), FSE (fast spin echo) and 3D HYCE (hybrid contrast enhancement).

[Effect of intensive prenatal and diabetic care on newborn of diabetic mothers--14 years of observation]. / Wplyw intensywnej opieki polozniczo-diabetologicznej na losy noworodków matek chorych na cukrzyce--14 lat obserwacji.

UNLABELLED: Modern management of pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes mellitus has in view delivery at term an healthy child with correct body mass and in good metabolic condition. THE AIM: Of our work was estimation of influence of intensive prenatal and diabetical cares on frequency of occurrence of failures and complications at newborns of mothers with pregestational diabetes mellitus delivered in period from 1987 to 2000. Study include 228 of newborns of diabetic mothers of class B-RF according to White, born in our hospital between 25 and 40 weeks of pregnancy. In aim of estimation of percentage of perinatal mortality, congenital malformations, prematurity, hyper- and hypotrophy in examined population of new-born children of mothers with PGDM, material was subdivided into 3 groups in 4 and 5-years intervals: group I (n = 96) 1987-1990, group II (n = 72) 1991-1995, group III (n = 60) 1996-2000r. RESULTS: Systematical decrease of percentage of perinatal mortality in examined groups from 7.3% to 5.0% was ascertained. There was a significant association between decreasing of number of congenital malformations in investigated new-born population from 12.5% to 5.0% and 2,5-times increasing of percentage of women with PGDM managed by combined team of diabetologist and obstetricians before conception. We observed an essential decreasing of percentage of prematurity in investigated material from 51.6% to 20.0%. Percentage of births of new-born children with macrosomy on space analysed of years was comparable. (13.7%, 14.1% and 15.0%) in spite of increasing of percentage of childbirths at term from to 80%. We did not ascertain increasing of percentage of incidents of IUGR. The percentage of IUGR in investigated groups carried out 5.3%, 5.6% and 5.0% in spite 2-times increasing of percentage of births of children of mothers with diabetes in class R and RF according to the White classification. CONCLUSIONS: Well controlled diabetes, intensive management of diabetic women by combined team of diabetologists and obstetricians on space 14 of years of activity of our Department due to decreasing of percentage of: perinatal mortality from 7.3% to 5.0%, congenital malformations from 12.5% to 5.0% and premature deliveries from 51.6% to 20.0% in population of new-born children of mothers with PGDM.