How does the digital service trade nonlinearly affect carbon emissions? Empirical evidence from G20 countries.

This study explores the nonlinear relationship between digital service trade and carbon emissions using the data of 42 G20 countries from 2005 to 2021. It is concluded that this relationship appears to be an inverted U-shape. When the digital service trade is inadequate, this exacerbates carbon emissions. Only when the digital service trade is above this point does it become beneficial to environmentally sustainable development. Mediation analyses indicate that the digital service trade increases carbon emissions by increasing emissions from digital infrastructure and decreases them by optimizing the industrial structure and adopting low-carbon technologies. Furthermore, the nonlinear association is moderated by human capital. When human capital is insufficient, it is harder for the digital service trade to curb carbon emissions. Accordingly, this study is helpful to develop the digital service trade and achieving the goals of carbon peak and neutralization and the sustainable growth of the environment.

The asymmetric impact of renewable energy consumption on the economic growth of emerging South and East Asian countries: A NARDL approach.

The question of economic development is so essential that specialists, international leaders, and every government are continually working on how to tackle this problem. Renewable energy is a means to save planet's ecology and foster long-term economic viability. This study explores the asymmetric effect of renewable energy consumption (RE) on emerging South and East Asian countries' economic growth by the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) approach. Also, it employs the generalized least square (GLS) method and panel causality test to grasp this impact. The GLS assessment exposes that positive and negative (P&S) mechanisms of RE positively influencing GDP while urbanization has an adverse influence. The PMG approach also delivers equivalent outcomes and authenticates the robustness of GLS results. The causality results provide relations between GDP and other variables. There is a conservation mechanism between the negative shock of RE consumption and GDP, while the positive shock of RE to GDP is observed from the feedback mechanism. We observed different interactions of CO2, P&S shocks of RE, and non-renewable consumption on GDP. These findings support policymakers of South and East Asian countries in formulating effective rules for their financial institutions regarding energy guidelines. In addition, considering P&S shocks from RE specifies that effective outcomes can be attained in economic growth while formulating energy guidelines.

The influence of teacher-student relationship on Chinese high school students' academic motivation for the ideological and political subject: the mediating role of academic emotions.

Introduction: This study investigated the influence of teacher-student relationship on Chinese high students' academic motivation for the ideological and political subject and the parallel mediating roles of positive and negative academic emotions on this influence. Method: The participants of this study were 425 Chinese high school students. This study measured teacher-student relationship, academic motivation, and academic emotions through several self-reported questionnaires. Structural equation models were used to analyze data and investigate the direct and indirect influence of teacher-student relationship on Chinese high school students' academic motivation for the ideological and political subject. Results: Teacher-student relationship had a significant, positive, and direct impact on Chinese high school students' academic motivation for the ideological and political subject. Moreover, positive and negative academic emotions, in parallel, mediated the relationship between these two factors. Discussion: This study demonstrates the important influence of teacher-student relationships on Chinese high school students' academic motivation for the ideological and political subject. A positive teacher-student relationship can directly increase students' academic motivation for this subject and indirectly enhance their motivation by generating positive academic emotions. Therefore, teachers should express care for their students, make friends with them, and be their partners in learning and life. Additionally, teachers need to pay close attention to students' academic emotions and provide them emotional support so that they can develop positive academic emotions while learning, and strive to establish and maintain a good teacher-student relationship.