PET-CT radiomics by integrating primary tumor and peritumoral areas predicts E-cadherin expression and correlates with pelvic lymph node metastasis in early-stage cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the role of radiomics in integrating primary tumor and peritumoral areas based on PET-CT scans for predicting E-cadherin (E-cad) expression in early-stage cervical cancer (ESCC) and its correlation with pelvic lymph node metastasis (PLNM). METHODS: Ninety-seven ESCC patients who had undergone PET-CT scans were retrospectively analyzed. The ROI of primary tumors, peritumoral areas, and plus tumors were semi-automatically segmented on PET-CT images. A total of 1188 radiomics features were extracted, selected, and eventually integrated into radiomics score (rad-score). The rad-score difference between patients with E-cad expression of high and low was analyzed using Mann-Whitney tests. Characteristic correlation was tested using a Spearman analysis. Four models were established using logistic regression algorithms and evaluated using ROC and calibration curves. A DeLong test was used to perform pairwise comparisons of AUCs. RESULTS: The rad-score of patients with low E-cad expression was higher than that of patients with high E-cad expression in both training and testing cohorts (p < 0.001 and p = 0.027, respectively). A significant correlation was observed between the rad-score and E-cad (p < 0.001). PLNM correlated slightly with rad-score and E-cad values (p = 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). The ROC curve and calibration curve of the rad-score model performed best in both training and testing cohorts (AUC = 0.915, 0.844, p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The radiomics of integrating primary tumor and peritumoral areas based on PET-CT showed correlations with PLNM. It was also able to predict E-cad expression in ESCC patients, allowing for evaluation of those patients' prognosis and more individualized medical treatment. KEY POINTS: • By integrating the primary tumor and peritumoral area based on PET-CT, radiomics was feasible. • The rad-score was associated with E-cad expression and PLNM in patients with ESCC. • Radiomics that integrated the primary tumor and peritumoral areas based on PET-CT could predict E-cad expression in patients with ESCC.

[Problems and solutions in modern research of traditional Chinese herbal pieces processing technology].

Chinese medicine processing is the main feature that distinguishes traditional Chinese medicine from natural medicine and plant medicine, and is the main feature in clinical medication of traditional Chinese medicine. The research of Chinese medicine processing technology is an important link to realize standardization and standardization of Chinese herbal pieces, with urgent need to attract high attention. At present, there are still many problems in the research of processing technology of Chinese herbal pieces, mainly including inconsistent processing technology, large differences in process technology parameters, and unstable production technology of Chinese herbal pieces, resulting in uncontrollable quality of Chinese herbal pieces and affecting the clinical efficacy of Chinese medicine. This paper focused on the establishment of a unified standard processing technology, and put forward the countermeasures for the processing technology of Chinese medicine based on a comprehensive analysis of the current situations of the processing technology of Chinese herbal pieces, with significance for guiding the establishment of a standardized processing technology of Chinese medicine.

[Construction and verification of the effectiveness of pMBL: a cloning vector of exported proteins encoding genes].

The beta-lactamase was used as the reporter of expression and transmembrane secretion in this paper. A fragment of Amp resistance gene encoding the mature part of beta-lactamase (delta P delta SP Amp, i.e. without promoter and signal peptide coding sequences) was amplified from pUC18 vector. The upstream primer has BglII, BclI, BamHI in three reading frame respectively, in order to in frame fuse and express target genes together with the downstream reporter in finally constructed vector. Meanwhile, pET-28 was digested with the restriction enzymes BglII and Bst1107 I. The 2.8 kb fragment with replication origin, Kan resistance gene and MCS was recovered, filled, self-ligated and resulted in a plasmid pKan-B. The Bgl II site on pKan-B was then filled and the plasmid pKan was obtained. The delta P delta SP Amp gene, which was first cloned into pGEM-T-EASY vector, was inserted into pKan between EcoR I and XbaI sites. A plasmid pMBL-E was selected, with which the bacteria host could grew on Kan plate but not on plate with both Amp and Kan. An EcoRI site beside HindIII on the plasmid pMBL-E was then filled, and the plasmid pMBL, a cloning vector of the exported proteins encoding genes was finally obtained. Both results of the restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing demonstrated the correctness of the construction. The Tet resistance gene, a transmemebrane protein encoding gene, was applied to verify the effectiveness of the reporter in the vector. Cut with EcoRI and BamHI, a 375 bp fragment including promoter and 96 animo acids coding sequence (including signal peptide) of Tet was obtained from pBR322 vector. The fragment was then ligated to the vector pMBL which had been cut with both enzymes of EcoRI and BglI, or EcoRI and BclI, or EcoRI and BamHI (as 0, +1, +2 respectively of the beta-lactamase gene reading frame). Kan and Amp double resistant colonies only grew with the EcoRI and BglII combination (0 position). Restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing results of the recombinant plasmid showed that Tet resistance gene, which promoted the expression and transmembrane secretion of downstream beta-lactamase, was inserted in a correct reading frame into the vector. Thus, the results verified the effectiveness of the constructed vector pMBL, which may be used effectively to clone genes encoding exported proteins with promoters and signal peptide sequences.

Does dexmedetomidine as a neuraxial adjuvant facilitate better anesthesia and analgesia? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Neuraxial application of dexmedetomidine (DEX) as adjuvant analgesic has been invetigated in some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) but not been approved because of the inconsistency of efficacy and safety in these RCTs. We performed this meta-analysis to access the efficacy and safety of neuraxial DEX as local anaesthetic (LA) adjuvant. METHODS: We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases from inception to June 2013 for RCTs that investigated the analgesia efficacy and safety for neuraxial application DEX as LA adjuvant. Effects were summarized using standardized mean differences (SMDs), weighed mean differences (WMDs) or odds ratio (OR) with suitable effect model. The primary outcomes were postoperative pain intensity and analgesic duration, bradycardia and hypotension. RESULTS: Sixteen RCTs involving 1092 participants were included. Neuraxial DEX significantly decreased postoperative pain intensity (SMD, -1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI), -1.70 to -0.89; P<0.00001), prolonged analgesic duration (WMD, 6.93 hours; 95% CI, 5.23 to 8.62; P<0.00001) and increased the risk of bradycardia (OR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.18 to 6.10; P = 0.02). No evidence showed that neuraxial DEX increased the risk of other adverse events, such as hypotension (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 0.83 to 2.85; P = 0.17). Additionally, neuraxial DEX was associated with beneficial alterations in postoperative sedation scores and number of analgesic requirements, sensory and motor block characteristics, and intro-operative hemodynamics. CONCLUSION: Neuraxial DEX is a favorable LA adjuvant with better and longer analgesia. The greatest concern is bradycardia. Further large sample trials with strict design and focusing on long-term outcomes are needed.