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1.
Obstet Gynecol Sci ; 67(1): 76-85, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37985950

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) is a rare cancer. This study aimed to determine the survival probabilities and prognostic factors in patients with PABC. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in two tertiary care hospitals in Kota Bharu. We included all patients with breast cancer who were diagnosed by histopathology while pregnant or within 2 years post-partum from 2001 through 2020. We matched patients with PABC to non-pregnant patients with breast cancer by age and year of diagnosis. The data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression. RESULTS: A total of 35 cases of PABC and 70 non-PABC controls were recruited. The 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year survival probabilities for patients with PABC were 58.6%, 47.54%, and 38.03%, respectively. The patients with PABC had a non-significant difference in survival probabilities compared with non-PABC patients. The significant prognostic factors of PABC were age (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86-0.96; P=0.001), advanced stage of cancer (aHR, 9.97; 95% CI, 3.96-25.2; P<0.001), and no surgery (aHR, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.01-9.85; P=0.047). Pregnancy was not found to be an independent factor in the prognosis of PABC (aHR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.39-1.28; P=0.266). CONCLUSION: Women diagnosed with PABC had similar survival probabilities compared with non-PABC patients. Pregnancy was not an independent prognostic factor for breast cancer. This information can be useful when women with breast cancer are counseled and supported with the option of beginning treatment with pregnancy continuation.

2.
Epidemiol Infect ; 141(2): 390-401, 2013 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22687557

RESUMO

A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on 96 smallholder duck farms in Indonesia over a period of 14 months in 2007 and 2008 to monitor bird- and flock-level incidence rates of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) infection in duck flocks, and to identify risk factors associated with these flocks becoming H5 seropositive. Flocks that scavenged around neighbouring houses within the village were at increased risk of developing H5 antibodies, as were flocks from which carcases of birds that died during the 2 months between visits were consumed by the family. Duck flock confinement overnight on the farm and sudden deaths of birds between visits were associated with lower risk of the flock developing H5 antibodies. Scavenging around neighbouring houses and non-confinement overnight are likely to be causal risk factors for infection. With this study we have provided insights into farm-level risk factors of HPAI virus introduction into duck flocks. Preventive messages based on these risk factors should be included in HPAI awareness programmes.


Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Patos/virologia , Virus da Influenza A Subtipo H5N1/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Aviária/epidemiologia , Animais , Patos/imunologia , Incidência , Indonésia/epidemiologia , Virus da Influenza A Subtipo H5N1/imunologia , Influenza Aviária/sangue , Modelos Logísticos , Estudos Prospectivos , Curva ROC , Fatores de Risco
3.
Reprod Domest Anim ; 44(5): 757-63, 2009 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21815286

RESUMO

The present study is part of a programme of research designed to evaluate the efficacy of the GnRH superagonist,deslorelin (D-Trp6-Pro9-des-Gly10-LHRH ethylamide), as a contraceptive for male dogs. Adult dogs were assigned to a completely randomized design comprising six groups of four animals. Each dog in the control group received a blank implant (placebo) and each dog in the other five groups received a 6 mg deslorelin implant. One group of deslorelin treated dogs was sacrificed on each of days 16, 26, 41, 101 and 620, and testicular and prostate tissues were collected for study by light and electron microscopy. On days 16 and 26 after implantation, we observed partial disruption of the seminiferous tubules, with early spermatids shed into the lumen. On days 41 and 101 after implantation, 90­100% of the seminiferous tubules were atrophic and aspermatogenic.On day 101 after implantation, 99% of all sections showed atrophy of the epithelium and shrinkage of epithelial height in the ductus epididymides. On days 41 and 101 after implantation, prostate tissue showed complete atrophy of the glandular epithelium (100% of sections) and an apparent increase in the relative proportion of connective tissue. At the electron microscopic level, in dogs treated with deslorelin for 41 and 101 days, the Sertoli cells were smaller and their nucleoli appeared smaller than in the control dogs. The nucleoli of the Leydig cells were atrophied and prostate glandular epithelium showed reduced epithelial height, a trophy of the nucleolus and an absence of secretory granules.Tissues collected during the recovery phase revealed a complete recovery of spermatogenesis. In conclusion, slow release implants containing deslorelin induce a striking a trophy of the testes and prostate gland by 26 days after implantation, explaining the previously reported loss of ejaculate and arrest of sperm output. At histological level,the entire process appears to be completely reversible, in accordance with data on endocrine variables and semen production.


Assuntos
Cães , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/agonistas , Próstata/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Pamoato de Triptorrelina/análogos & derivados , Animais , Atrofia , Anticoncepcionais Masculinos/administração & dosagem , Anticoncepcionais Masculinos/farmacologia , Masculino , Próstata/ultraestrutura , Testículo/ultraestrutura , Pamoato de Triptorrelina/administração & dosagem , Pamoato de Triptorrelina/farmacologia
4.
Reprod Domest Anim ; 44(5): 725-34, 2009 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19769638

RESUMO

We tested the effect of dose of GnRH superagonist on pituitary and testicular function in a study with four groups of four male dogs. The Controls received blank implants and the other three groups received implants containing 3, 6 or 12 mg deslorelin (D-Trp6-Pro9-des-Gly10-GnRH ethylamide). In all deslorelin-treated groups, there was initially an acute increase in plasma concentrations of LH and testosterone, followed by declines such that both hormones became undetectable after approximately 12 days. There was a dose-response in some of these early aspects of the hormone profiles. With respect to long-term effects of treatment, the 12-mg dose had significantly greater effects than the smaller doses for the duration of minimum testicular volume [366 +/- 77, mean +/- SEM (3 mg), 472 +/- 74 (6 mg), and 634 +/- 59 (12 mg) days], absence of ejaculate [416 +/- 88 (3 mg), 476 +/- 83 (6 mg), and 644 +/- 67 (12 mg) days], undetectable plasma concentrations of LH and testosterone [367 +/- 64 (3 mg), 419 +/- 72 (6 mg), and 607 +/- 69 (12 mg) days], the delay until complete recovery of LH and testosterone secretion [394 +/- 65 (3 mg), 484 +/- 72 (6 mg) and 668 +/- 47 (12 mg) days], and the delay until testes had regrown to normal volume [408 +/- 77 (3 mg), 514 +/- 74 (6 mg), 676 +/- 59 (12 mg) days]. The time taken to restore full ejaculates was also longest for the 12-mg dose: 716 +/- 67 (12 mg) days vs 440 +/- 66 (3 mg) and 538 +/- 83 (6 mg) days after implantation. There was no correlation between delay to recovery of normal ejaculate quality and body mass. We conclude that the dose-response relationship with deslorelin implants is not expressed with respect to the degree of suppression of reproduction, but on the maximum duration of suppression and thus to delay until recovery.


Assuntos
Cães/fisiologia , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/agonistas , Hipófise/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Pamoato de Triptorrelina/análogos & derivados , Animais , Anticoncepcionais Masculinos/administração & dosagem , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Implantes de Medicamento , Cinética , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Masculino , Hipófise/fisiologia , Sêmen/citologia , Sêmen/efeitos dos fármacos , Contagem de Espermatozoides , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides , Testículo/anatomia & histologia , Testículo/fisiologia , Testosterona/sangue , Pamoato de Triptorrelina/administração & dosagem
5.
Reprod Fertil Dev ; 19(8): 891-8, 2007.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18076821

RESUMO

The present study tested whether exogenous gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinising hormone (LH) can stimulate LH and testosterone secretion in dogs chronically treated with a GnRH superagonist. Twenty male adult dogs were assigned to a completely randomised design comprising five groups of four animals. Each dog in the control group received a blank implant (placebo) and each dog in the other four groups received a 6-mg implant containing a slow-release formulation of deslorelin (d-Trp6-Pro9-des-Gly10-LH-releasing hormone ethylamide). The same four control dogs were used for all hormonal challenges, whereas a different deslorelin-implanted group was used for each challenge. Native GnRH (5 microg kg(-1) bodyweight, i.v.) was injected on Days 15, 25, 40 and 100 after implantation, whereas bovine LH (0.5 microg kg(-1) bodyweight, i.v.) was injected on Days 16, 26, 41 and 101. On all occasions after Day 25-26 postimplantation, exogenous GnRH and LH elicited higher plasma concentrations of LH and testosterone in control than deslorelin-treated animals (P < 0.05). It was concluded that, in male dogs, implantation of a GnRH superagonist desensitised the pituitary gonadotrophs to GnRH and also led to a desensitisation of the Leydig cells to LH. This explains, at least in part, the profound reduction in the production of androgen and spermatozoa in deslorelin-treated male dogs.


Assuntos
Cães/fisiologia , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/agonistas , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/farmacologia , Hormônio Luteinizante/farmacologia , Hipófise/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Pamoato de Triptorrelina/análogos & derivados , Animais , Bovinos , Implantes de Medicamento , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/sangue , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/fisiologia , Hormônio Luteinizante/metabolismo , Masculino , Distribuição Aleatória , Testosterona/metabolismo , Pamoato de Triptorrelina/administração & dosagem , Pamoato de Triptorrelina/farmacologia
6.
Reprod Fertil Dev ; 15(6): 317-22, 2003.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14975229

RESUMO

In the present study, we tested the effect of treatment with a slow-release implant containing the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist Deslorelin(TM) (Peptech Animal Health Australia, North Ryde, NSW, Australia) on pituitary and testicular function in mature male dogs. Four dogs were treated with Deslorelin (6-mg implant) and four were used as controls (blank implant). In control dogs, there were no significant changes over the 12 months of the study in plasma concentrations of luteinising hormone (LH) or testosterone, or in testicular volume, semen output or semen quality. In Deslorelin-treated dogs, plasma concentrations of LH and testosterone were undetectable after 21 and 27 days, testicular volume fell to 35% of pretreatment values after 14 weeks and no ejaculates could be obtained after 6 weeks. Concentrations returned to the detectable range for testosterone after 44 weeks and for LH after 51 weeks and both were within the normal range after 52 weeks. Semen characteristics had recovered completely by 60 weeks after implantation. At this time, the testes and prostate glands were similar histologically to those of control dogs. We conclude that a single slow-release implant containing 6 mg Deslorelin has potential as a long-term, reversible antifertility agent for male dogs.


Assuntos
Anticoncepcionais Masculinos/administração & dosagem , Cães , Pamoato de Triptorrelina/análogos & derivados , Animais , Anticoncepção/métodos , Preparações de Ação Retardada , Implantes de Medicamento , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão , Próstata/anatomia & histologia , Sêmen/citologia , Testículo/anatomia & histologia , Testosterona/sangue , Pamoato de Triptorrelina/administração & dosagem
7.
J Reprod Fertil Suppl ; 57: 255-61, 2001.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11787159

RESUMO

Continuous low-dose administration of a GnRH analogue postpones oestrus in bitches and suppresses reproductive function in dogs. A new drug delivery formulation that could enhance the practicality of this approach for the control of reproduction has been developed. The objective of the present study was to determine whether this method of delivery could, by sustained release of the GnRH analogue deslorelin, act as a reversible anti-fertility agent in domestic male and female dogs for periods exceeding 1 year. Several long-term studies were performed, which monitored reproductive function in 30 dogs and 52 bitches. Suppression of reproductive function in male dogs was dose-related. Spermatogenesis was suppressed for more than a year in 14 of 16 dogs that received doses of > 0.25 mg deslorelin kg-1. In females, postponement of oestrus for periods of up to 27 months was observed, but there was no relationship between the stage of the oestrous cycle at the start of treatment and the duration of efficacy. Treatment-induced effects on fertility were reversible in both sexes. In summary, sustained release deslorelin implants were shown to elicit reversible long-term reproductive control in male and female domestic dogs.


Assuntos
Anticoncepção/veterinária , Anticoncepcionais/administração & dosagem , Cães , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/análogos & derivados , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/administração & dosagem , Animais , Anticoncepcionais Femininos/administração & dosagem , Anticoncepcionais Masculinos/administração & dosagem , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Implantes de Medicamento , Estro/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Masculino , Espermatogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Pamoato de Triptorrelina/análogos & derivados
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