Is 18F-FDG PET/CT a valuable diagnostic tool for verifying accelerated atherosclerosis secondary to diabetes mellitus on insulin in the aortic segments and large arteries?

OBJECTIVE: Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxylglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) has a well-established role for detection and quantification of atherosclerotic inflammatory disease using standardized uptake value (SUV) measurements. Our aim was to compare the inflammatory and macroscopic calcification processes of atherosclerosis in the aortic segments and large arteries of subjects with insulin dependent diametes mellitus (IDDM) compared to those of age-matched controls via 18F-FDG PET/CT. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A hundred and ten subjects who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging for oncological diseases were retrospectively studied. Fifty five were diabetics on insulin and 55 were age-matched controls. Average SUVmax and SUVmean for four segments of aorta and for common iliac arteries and femoral arteries were measured and compared between subject groups. Presence or absence of macroscopic calcification on CT images for each arterial segment was also noted and compared between these groups. RESULTS: Average SUVmax and SUVmean were statistically significantly greater in subjects with IDDM compared to controls in all arterial segments (P≤0.001). Presence of calcification on CT was more frequently encountered in 6 of the 8 segments in subjects with IDDM, and there was statistically significantly difference for the descending aorta and abdominal aorta. CONCLUSION: Our results show that inflammatory component of atherosclerosis was more severe in all aortic segments in subjects with IDDM compared to those of controls. Presence of macroscopic calcification also detected to be more frequently encountered in the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta in subjects with IDDM. Fluorine-18-FDG PET/CT is a valuable diagnostic tool for detecting and semi-quantifying accelerated atherosclerotic inflammatory and calcific changes secondary to diabetes mellitus treated with insulin in the aortic segments and large arteries.

The effect of preoperative dexamethasone on early oral intake, vomiting and pain after tonsillectomy.

OBJECTIVE: Postoperative morbidity in patients undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy includes inadequate oral intake, pain, nausea, vomiting and bleeding. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of preoperative 0.5 mg/kg i.v. dexamethasone on postoperative early oral intake, pain, vomiting in patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy while performing standard anesthesia technique and sharp dissection tonsillectomy. METHODS: In this prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study 62 children, aged 4-12 years, who underwent tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy were randomly assigned to receive single dose of 0.5 mg/kg i.v. dexamethasone preoperatively. Patients started to receive 100 ml of clear fluids 2 h postoperatively, then were offered every hour. When pain score was 3 or above, paracetamol was given for pain control. Tolerating 400 ml of clear fluids, no bleeding and no vomiting were accepted as discharge criteria. The discharge time was also recorded. The incidence of early vomiting, pain scores, amount of oral intake were recorded until the discharge time. RESULTS: Compared with placebo, the patients who received preoperative dexamethasone had significantly less pain score during the first 6 h postoperatively (p<0.05), adequate amount of oral intake time was shorter (p<0.05) and the discharge time was earlier (p<0.05). No difference was found in vomiting incidence in both groups. CONCLUSION: Preoperative dexamethasone use significantly reduces early posttonsillectomy pain, improves oral intake and facilitates meeting the discharge criteria while using standard anesthesia technique and sharp dissection tonsillectomy without any significant side effects.

[Unilateral space-creating extraction in orthodontics]. / A féloldali helyteremtö extractio az orthodontiában.

Space maintaining extraction on one side is a controversial point in orthodontics, yet relevant references in literature are only few and far between. The author has summed up the attitudes towards the unilateral Space maintaining extraction by levelling. Among other things, he emphasizes the importance of avoiding extraction on one side, however when in one quadrant there is smaller room than that of a pre-molar would occupy, an extraction as a concession might be made. When making extraction distal removal is indicated (in such cases the extraction of a molar is also possible) and to avoid non-preferable deformities very soon a strong and rigid are needs to be applied. Teeth in situations which are not meant to be changed, should be fixed. Care should be taken that the central line will not be displace to the direction of extracting. Generally speaking, it is not possible to establish an excellent occlusion in the case of unilateral extraction. After the treatment, the wisdom tooth which pushes forward might cause the displacement of the central line. In the case of unilateral extractions, the patient should be reported on the visible consequences that might occur.

[An instrument for positioning elastic ligatures (ligature instrument)]. / Elasztikus gyürüt felhelyezö müszer (gyürümüszer).

The ligature instrument is constructed for placing in position elastomeric ligatures. The instrument has two types--one designed for fore-teeth area and one for premolars and molars--traditional or ergonomical aspects were taken into consideration with metal or sterilizable plastic handle. This instrument fills a long felt gap because to complete this process until now no such type of special instrument existed.

[Possibilities for the cooperation of various dental specialties in the treatment of missing teeth. Case reports]. / A különbözö szakterületek együttmüködésének lehetöségei a foghiányok kezelése során. Esetismertetések.

Several specialists can co-operate in the treatment of patients with missing teeth. Orthodontists can succesfully improve the clinical possibilities for the construction of implants or fixed partial dentures, teenagers or young adults. In some of the cases orthodontic treatment can eliminate the use of implants or partial dentures.

[Measurement of the polished surface of upper and lower complete dentures]. / A teljes alsó-felsö protézisek polírozott felszínének méréses vizsgálata.

The authors measured the polished surface of fifty upper and lower complete dentures, with regard to sex. The measurements were performed using a special computer assisted stereo-fotogrammetric method in the National Cartographic Institute. The results show that the average area of the lower complete denture's polished surface is 2.096 mm2, and the upper's is, 3644 mm2. The authors did find any not differences according to sexes.

[Clinical examination of the effect of the "Corega Junior" cleaning tablets for removable orthodontic appliances]. / "Corega Junior" kivehetöfogszabályozókészülék-tisztító tabletta hatásának klinikai vizsgálata.

According to the authors' macroscopic and microbiological examinations Corega Junior prevents plaque formation on the orthodontic appliances and the establishment and multiplication of microorganisms and therefore has a favourable effect to the oral flora and last but not least to the general state of health of the patients. The usage of the Corega Junior cleaning tablets incites young people for the regular use of orthodontic appliances and indirectly for mouth care.

[Study of the relationship of the mandibular alveolar tuberculum to the occlusal plane at complete lower dentures]. / A tuberculum alveolare mandibulae és a rágósík viszonyának vizsgálata teljes alsó lemezes fogpótlásokon.

The distance between occlusal plane and alveolar crest has an influence on the stability of the lower denture. From the relationship of the occlusal plane to the tuberculum alveolare mandibulae we can conclude on the distance between the occlusal surface of the denture's molars and the alveolar crest. The relationship of the occlusal plane to the tuberculum alveolare mandibulae was examined in 688 patients with complete lower and upper dentures. Results have shown, that in 30.25% the occlusal plane of the lower dentures was at higher level, than the highest point of the tuberculum alveolare mandibulae, in 41.3% it was at the level of the highest point of the tuberculum alveolare mandibulae and in 28.45% it crossed the tuberculum below its highest point. From our results the conclusion can be drawn, that in most of the cases no attention to the tuberculum line, has been paid the interalveolar distance and the occlusal plane of the natural teeth at the set-up of the molars, so this has a negative effect in 69.5% of the examined cases on the stability of the lower complete dentures.

[Posterior palatal sealing in Hungarian dental practice]. / A pharyngealis lezárás kialakítása a hazai gyakorlatban.

The purpose of the survey was to receive data about the methods, materials and instruments used in the development of the border seal at pharyngeal region. The problem concerned how the theoretical principles are realised in the everyday practice. A questionnaire consisting of 10 questions was given out to 35 dental laboratories in 31 towns of the country. 33 completed forms were returned. On the basis of the survey's results the authors conclude that in everyday practice practically nothing realizes from the recommendations of dental literature. The shape of the upper complete dentures' palatal seal is made by dental technicians, regretfully without the cooperation of dentists and what is more disappointing without their instructions. Dental technicians are left to their own resources to form the pharyngeal seal by mechanical engraving of the casts.

[Indications for preventive removal of impacted third molars]. / Az impactált bölcsességfogak preventív eltávolításának indikációi.

The impacted third molars are clinically important due to the pathological alterations caused by them. It is important from orthodontic viewpoint, that during their development the anomalies combined with the constriction, or unsuitable length of the dental arch may lead to recrudescence. For this reason the preventive removal of impacted third molars is suitable at the proper stade of their development.

[Speech characteristics of persons wearing full upper and lower prostheses]. / A teljes alsó-felsö protézist viselök beszédének sajátosságai.

We've taken under comparative examination the phonation of people having full upper and lower dentures and the ones having normal teeth. We've tested twenty 51 to 65 years old persons having their dentures at least for a year being pleased with them (well speaking and chewing normally) and twenty persons (without distinction as to sex) having normal teeth normal occlusion. The investigation of the articulation was compiled a lingual corpus consisted of texts of different length (words, word-groups, sentences and text-pieces). This material was suitable for the examination of disorders of the articulation, the pronunciation of the sound combinations, the articulatory problems, and the suprasegmental components (e.g. melody, speech tempo, dynamics of speech). The experimental material was prepared by the following instruments: an VII (Voice Identification, Inc.) 700 series sound spectrograph, an IBM compatible computer with acoustic analytical programs suitable for the investigation of selected sound samples by an A/D (analog/digital) converter, the number of sounds in a second was measured with a 8SO-4 type oscillograph. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. various differences appear among the speech structures of persons having full upper and lower dentures: the labial [b p m], labiodental [v f ], dental, dentialveolar [d t n z s dz ts l r], alveolar [symbol: see text] and prepalatal [symbol: see text] consonants distort principally. 2. From the long consonants the voicelles stops (p: t: k:) are short-ended especially.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Dental retention and its orthodontic management in a special case report]. / A fogretencióról és annak ortodonciai kezeléséról egy sajátos eset kapcsán.

The authors present the incidence of ankylosed teeth and the general guidelines of treatment based on the scientific data and their clinical experience. They show the psycho-social relations mostly during adult therapy by presenting the treatment of a special case of incisor retention.

[Investigation of the relationship between the posterior edge of the base of complete lower dentures and the mandibular tuberculum]. / A teljes alsó fogpótlás alaplemezének hátsó széle és a tuberculum alveolare mandibulae viszonyának vizgálata.

Surveying the data published in the literature one can establish that opinions of authors differ concerning the appropriate relationship between complete lower dentures and the tuberculum alveolare mandibulae (TAM). Some authors claim that, following extensional principles, the base of complete lower dentures must fully cover the TAM. Others think that it is enough if the base covers half of the TAM; yet others recommend that the base should merely extend as far as the mesial edge of the TAM. In the present investigations, we tried to find out what the relationship was between complete lower dentures prepared in everyday practice and the TAM. Dentists of the Clinic of Prosthetic Dentistry examined 8346 patients in eight different regions of Hungary over a period of three years. In the present analysis, we discuss the data of subjects wearing a complete lower denture. In the populations concerned, 669 subjects met these criteria. With respect to the relationship between the base and the TAM, we distinguished three groups. The first group was made up by cases where the base extended as far as the mesial edge of the TAM, the second group included subjects whose base reached the medial line of the TAM, whereas the third group comprised patients in whose case the base fully covered the TAM. The relationship between the base and the TAM was examined intraorally, by ocular inspection. The data were analysed with regard to gender and laterality, by the help of the SPSS software package and the chi 2 test. The investigations showed that, in everyday practice, an overwhelming majority (77.10%) of complete lower dentures had a base extending to the mesial edge of the TAM, and it was in a mere 3.9% of cases that the base covered (some of) the TAM. Cases where the edge of the base did not reach the TAM (19.01%) were taken as cases where the dentist disregarded the significance of the relationship between the base and the TAM. The tuberculum alveolare mandibulae is a structure made up by dense fibrous connective tissue that, in most cases, may get displaced over its base and is not pressure resistant, not able to provide a value-like seal and, therefore, not suitables for the extension of the base. Our results suggest that practising dentists have noticed this; furthermore, they have probably also noticed that whenever the base extends as far as the mesial edge of the TAM, leaning against it as it were, it effectively prevents the denture from shifting backwards, i.e. is an obstacle to its anteroposterior displacement.

[Prosthodontic correction of severe deep vertical overbite combined with dimensional discrepancy of the upper and lower dental arch. 31 years follow-up]. / A nagyfokú mélyharapás és az állcsontívek közötti méretkülönbség protetikai korrekciója (beszámoló egy 31 éve tartó utógondozásról).

Sz. S. a 39-years-old patient was referred to our department in 1968. Patient's masticatory dysfunction, orofacial pain syndrome and substantial weight loss was due to a combined genuine and acquired deep vertical overbite aggravated by a marked difference between the size of the lower and upper jaw bones. The premolars and molars had already been extracted. The lower incisors bit onto the palatal gingiva in centric occlusion causing direct mechanical irritation on the palate. Consequently the centric occlusion position of the mandible was only defined by the contact between the lower central incisors and the palatal soft tissue. According to the literature this kind of defect can only be corrected by a combined surgical prosthodontic therapy (increasing the mandibular arch by vertical osteotomy combined with bone grafting followed by complex prosthodontic reconstruction). Because patient refused any kind of surgical treatment a special upper full arch bridge was constructed with an extended occlusal surface on the palatal surfaces of the front crowns to provide full occlusal contact for the mandibular anterior teeth. The OVD was raised by 11 mm. The present paper reports the history of a 31 years long prosthodontic treatment and patient's follow up. It is shown how the correct centric occlusion, the masticatory functions, the phonetics and also the esthetics could have been maintained by a series of gradually changing fixed restorations meeting the demands imposed by the continuing tooth loss.

[Experience with partial removable dentures anchored by the Vigano attachment]. / Tapasztalataink a Vigano-féle finommechanikai eszközzel elhorgonyzott részleges lemezes fogpótlásokkal.

In 1993 the Vigano attachment appeared in Hungarian commercial turnover. On the basis of 20 cases observed during one year it can be stated, that the use is simple for dental technicians, the fitting effect is good, requires small place, insertion and removal is easy for elderly and handicapped patients; it is aesthetically satisfying and the design ensures minimum likelihood of repairs.

[Study of the inclination angle between the edentulous upper and lower alveolar ridge in the sagittal plane]. / Az alsó-felsó fogatlan állcsontgerincek hajlásszögének vizsgálata a sagittalis síkra vetítve.

Angle of inclination between the upper and lower edentulous alveolar ridge in the sagittal plane was examined on 72 patients (55 woman and 17 men) in centric occlusion. Photos were taken by a special camera (Polaroid MACRO 5 SLR) of the functional casts mounted in average value articulators, on a special squared-film, from the left and right side. The angle between the lines connecting mesially the midline of the alveolar ridge, distally the highest point of the tuber alveolar maxillae and the line drown through the stop-lines, respectively was measured on both sides with 1 degree precision. Distally open angle (max. 7 degrees) was found in 11% of the examine group. The alveolar ridge lines were parallel in only 3% of the cases. Mesially open angle (max. 20 degrees) was found at 86%. Statistical analysis has shown, that there is a significant difference between men and women as well as the left and right side.

[In vivo and in vitro study of the marginal sealing in ceramic-covered gold inlays]. / A kerámialeplezésü aranyinlayk széli záródásának in vivo és in vitro vizsgálata.

In the view of the patients, Galvano-Inlays fulfil esthetic requirements in contrast to cast restaurations. However, it was decided to evaluate the fine gold margins. The marginal seal of Galvano-Inlays in different stages of production was evaluated by means of light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. In addition Galvano-Inlays which had been in the mouth for two years, were evaluated in the same way. Besides good contact of the fine gold to the tooth, marginal discrepancies in the range of 60 to 160 microns were found which can hardly be improved by means of burnishing. After all, the insufficiency results from the inevitable gap of cementation or from breaking failure of the polished and thus hardened margin of the fine gold.

[Frequency of supernumerary teeth and possibilities of treatment]. / A maradó számfeletti fogak elófordulási gyakorisága és kezelésük lehetóségei.

According to dental literature, the frequency of supernumerary teeth is 1-3%. The authors analyzed the orthopantomograms of 1875 children and adolescents aged between 6 and 18 years to determine the frequency of supernumerary teeth at the Department of Dentistry for Children and Orthodontics. The frequency was found to be 1.92%. The sequence of frequency of supernumerary teeth was: mesiodens, lateral incisor, central incisor. 77.8% of the supernumerary teeth occurred in the maxilla, 97.2% in the frontal region. Besides the data found, two successful cases of surgical and orthodontic treatment are also presented.