Fractional blood flow in rotating nanofluid with different shapes nanoparticles in the influence of activation energy and thermal radiation.

A fractional blood flow model, in the presence of magnetic nanoparticles, is considered in this work. The effects of activation energy and thermal radiation on the blood flowing in the oscillating elastic tube are studied. The nanofluid inside the tube is activated by the rotating effect of the charged particles, a constant external magnetic field, and the activation energy. The blood is assumed to be at a temperature and a concentration that vary with the speed of the particles. The study takes advantage of a model, which includes a fractional-order derivative of Caputo's type. The shape of nanoparticles and the speed of blood and the distributions of temperature and concentration are assimilated to Brownian motion and thermophoresis. They are calculated numerically using the L1-algorithm method. The results show that the applied magnetic field and the effects of the fractional-order parameter reduce the velocity of the nanofluid and nanoparticles, which considerably affects the temperature and concentration of the fluid. It is also found that the particle shape and fractional derivative parameters significantly influence velocities and heat transfer.

Genome-wide analysis of transcriptomic divergence between laboratory colony and field Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes of the M and S molecular forms.

Our knowledge of Anopheles gambiae molecular biology has mainly been based on studies using inbred laboratory strains. Differences in the environmental exposure of these and natural field mosquitoes have inevitably led to physiological divergences. We have used global transcript abundance analyses to probe into this divergence, and identified transcript abundance patterns of genes that provide insight on specific adaptations of caged and field mosquitoes. We also compared the gene transcript abundance profiles of field mosquitoes belonging to the two morphologically indistinguishable but reproductively isolated sympatric molecular forms, M and S, from two different locations in the Yaoundé area of Cameroon. This analysis suggested that environmental exposure has a greater influence on the transcriptome than does the mosquito's molecular form-specific genetic background.