Use of Moisturizers and Lubricants for Vulvovaginal Atrophy.

The estrogen decrease in postmenopausal women results in functional and anatomical changes in the genitourinary tract. The most prevalent and bothersome symptoms are vaginal dryness, dyspareunia, and reduced lubrication, which can significantly affect the quality of life of these women, principally those who are sexually active. Hormonal therapy with local estrogens is generally considered the "gold standard." However, there are cases in which there are clinical concerns about its use or women opt for non-hormonal options. Thus, safe and effective non-hormonal options are needed to improve symptoms in these women. Moisturizers and lubricants are first-line therapy for breast cancer survivors.

Microablative Fractional Radiofrequency as a Therapeutical Option for Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: Perspectives.

The genitourinary syndrome in menopause can occur at different stages of life, with different causes or triggering factors, such as prolonged use of antiestrogens, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and extensive vaginal surgeries, which can alter vascularization, hydration, collagen quality, and tissue elasticity. Despite hormonal therapy being considered the best evidenced treatment for genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), there are limitations concerning the latter. Thus, alternative, complementary, or even substitutive treatments have emerged, such as energy use, promoting thermal tissue stimulation to improve tropism. Due to its practicality and feasibility, the micro ablative fractional radiofrequency (MAFRF) has gained space among these energies. It uses high-frequency electromagnetic waves and promotes thermal micro points in the superficial and deep dermis. The safety of these energies limits thermal action laterality and depth. Laterally, it is essential for an adequate regenerative effect without scarring marks or sequelae; the appropriate depth is important for stimulating the obligatory tissue repair response with the production and reorganization of collagen, elastic fibers, increased vascularization and hydration, and the consequent improvement in tropism. In gynecology, the MAFRF is used with therapeutic indication and functional improvement; it is applied to the entire length of the vaginal walls, the vulvar vestibule, urethral meatus, labia minora, clitoris prepuce, labia majora, perineum, and perianal region. The MAFRF has been proved to be an effective and safe treatment for GSM, with long-lasting effects, significantly reducing symptoms and improving vaginal tropism. This review aims to analyze the MAFRF as a non-hormonal therapeutic option for GSM.

Microablative fractional radiofrequency as a therapeutic option for vulvar lichen sclerosus: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical response to and the histomorphometric effects of microablative fractional radiofrequency (MFR) in women with symptomatic vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS). METHODS: This was a pilot study on the use of MFR for the treatment of VLS. Upon recruitment and at each treatment session, all participants were examined and each of their symptoms were rated on a visual analog scale. After the procedure, the participants completed a satisfaction questionnaire. We compared the morphometric findings of vulvar biopsies performed at enrollment and after the last treatment session. The participants were divided into three groups according to previous treatment with corticosteroids: G1, no previous treatment; G2, treated for up to 5 years; and G3, treated for >5 years. RESULTS: This study included 26 women. After two to three sessions, most participants in all groups became either "asymptomatic" or "much better" than before treatment and were "very satisfied" or "satisfied" with the intervention. Pruritus and burning sensation were the most frequently reported symptoms. Nearly 40% of the participants in all groups reported complete remission of symptoms. The improvement was rated as moderate or higher by 80%, 76%, and 66% of the women in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The improvement of symptoms persisted for 11 months (range, 7-16 months), on average, after the treatment. Type III collagen concentration significantly increased and was associated with important symptom improvement. Tissue trophism and vascularization also increased but did not reach statistical significance, probably because of the small number of cases. CONCLUSIONS: MFR may be an effective and safe treatment for symptomatic VLS.

Is electrosurgery fulguration a better procedure for Bartholin's gland cyst?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of electrosurgery fulguration as a treatment for Bartholin's gland cysts. Retrospective study with a comparative control group performed on Hospital Brigadeiro and in the Disciplina de Ginecologia do Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo from February 2005 to March 2009. Patients: Patients with Bartholin's gland cyst were divided into three treatment groups: group 1 electrosurgery (n=169 cases); group 2 - gland excision with the conventional technique using a cold scalpel (n = 51 cases); group 3 - marsupialization (n=11 cases). We reviewed the clinical and surgical history, physical examination, description of the surgical technique, postoperative results (success and complications), and follow-up data. RESULTS: There is no difference between groups in relation to intraoperative bleeding, hematoma, and complete healing in a single treatment session. However, electrosurgery shows the lower percentage of recurrences 18 (10,7%) compared to the Marsupialization technique (group 3, p=.031). Recurrences occurred in 18 (10,7%), 3 (5,9%), and 4 (36,4%) cases. After retreatment by the same technique, there was a complete cure rate of 90% (152/169) for group 1, and 98% (50/51) for group 2. The cost of group 1 was lower than that of other groups. CONCLUSION: The fulguration with electrosurgery of the capsule of Bartholin's cyst is an effective method of treatment, andthe cost of this technique is lower than the conventional technique and marsupialization.

New therapeutic option in genitourinary syndrome of menopause: pilot study using microablative fractional radiofrequency.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical response of patients with symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause after application of microablative fractional radiofrequency in the vagina and vaginal introitus. METHODS: Fourteen patients with symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause underwent three applications of microablative fractional radiofrequency with a 30-day interval, using the Wavetronic 6000HF-FRAXX device and a fractional vaginal electrode. The questionnaires World Health Organization Quality of Life (for quality of life evaluation), Female Sexual Function Index and Quality of Life Adapted Questionnaire in the Domain of Sexual Satisfaction (for sexual function and satisfaction evaluation) were administered before and after the applications (30 to 60 days after the last procedure), in addition to the satisfaction questionnaire after procedure. RESULTS: There was an increase in almost all dimensions on average in quality of life, with statistical significance only in the health domain. There was a significant improvement in the sexual domains in almost all dimensions. All patients stopped using lubricant during intercourse after treatment. In the satisfaction questionnaire after treatment, we observed that the vast majority felt cured or much better (29% and 64%, respectively, total of 92.6%) and were very satisfied or satisfied (43 and 57%, respectively, total of 100%). The only patient who reported little improvement had an 18-year postmenopausal history and was treatment naïve. CONCLUSION: Microablative fractional radiofrequency was effective in treating symptoms of vaginal dryness and dyspareunia, and eliminated the use of vaginal lubricant during the period observed. Since this is a pilot study with a small number of patients, further studies are required to corroborate our findings and evaluate the long-term effects of microablative fractional radiofrequency on the vaginal tissue.

Microablative fractional radiofrequency as a therapeutic option for vulvar lichen sclerosus: a pilot study

OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical response to and the histomorphometric effects of microablative fractional radiofrequency (MFR) in women with symptomatic vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS). METHODS: This was a pilot study on the use of MFR for the treatment of VLS. Upon recruitment and at each treatment session, all participants were examined and each of their symptoms were rated on a visual analog scale. After the procedure, the participants completed a satisfaction questionnaire. We compared the morphometric findings of vulvar biopsies performed at enrollment and after the last treatment session. The participants were divided into three groups according to previous treatment with corticosteroids: G1, no previous treatment; G2, treated for up to 5 years; and G3, treated for >5 years. RESULTS: This study included 26 women. After two to three sessions, most participants in all groups became either "asymptomatic" or "much better" than before treatment and were "very satisfied" or "satisfied" with the intervention. Pruritus and burning sensation were the most frequently reported symptoms. Nearly 40% of the participants in all groups reported complete remission of symptoms. The improvement was rated as moderate or higher by 80%, 76%, and 66% of the women in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The improvement of symptoms persisted for 11 months (range, 7-16 months), on average, after the treatment. Type III collagen concentration significantly increased and was associated with important symptom improvement. Tissue trophism and vascularization also increased but did not reach statistical significance, probably because of the small number of cases. CONCLUSIONS: MFR may be an effective and safe treatment for symptomatic VLS.

A radiofrequência fracionada no tratamento de líquen escleroso vulvar: um relato de caso / Fractional radiofrequency in the treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus: a case report

O líquen escleroso vulvar (LEV) é uma doença dermatológica crônica de etiologia incerta, caracterizada por prurido intenso e atrofia progressiva. O corticosteroide tópico de longo prazo é o tratamento de primeira linha para LEV. No entanto, esse tratamento requer a colaboração da paciente, está associado a efeitos colaterais adversos e algumas pacientes não respondem aos corticosteroides. O tratamento com tecnologias térmicas e fototérmicas tem sido estudado como terapia alternativa ou complementar para melhorar os sintomas de LEV e o trofismo cutâneo. A radiofrequência fracionada microablativa é usada em dermatologia para melhorar o trofismo tecidual. Também tem sido usada em pacientes ginecológicas para tratar a atrofia vulvovaginal, estimulando a neocolagênese dérmica e a neoelastogênese. Apresentamos o caso de uma mulher de 39 anos com LEV refratária que foi tratada com aplicações locais de radiofrequência fracionada microablativa. Ela apresentou melhora satisfatória dos sintomas e do trofismo vulvar em longo prazo, sem necessidade do uso de corticosteroides.(AU)

Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic dermatological disease of unclear etiology characterized by severe itching and progressive atrophy. Long-term topical corticosteroid is the first-line treatment for VLS. However, this treatment requires patient compliance, is associated with adverse side effects, and some patients do not respond to corticosteroids. Treatment with thermal and photothermal technologies have been studied as alternative or complementary therapies to improve VLS symptoms and skin trophism. Microablative fractional radiofrequency (MFR) is used in dermatology to improve tissue trophism. It has also been used in gynecological patients to treat vulvovaginal atrophy by stimulating dermal neocollagenesis and neoelastinogenesis. We present the case of a 39-year-old woman with refractory VLS who was treated with local applications of microablative fractional radiofrequency. She had satisfactory, long-term, improvement of symptoms and vulvar trophism, and stopped using corticosteroids.(AU)

Is electrosurgery fulguration a better procedure for Bartholins gland cyst?

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of electrosurgery fulguration as a treatment for Bartholin's gland cysts. DESIGN Retrospective study with a comparative control group performed on Hospital Brigadeiro and in the Disciplina de Ginecologia do Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo from February 2005 to March 2009. Patients: Patients with Bartholin's gland cyst were divided into three treatment groups: group 1 electrosurgery (n=169 cases); group 2 - gland excision with the conventional technique using a cold scalpel (n = 51 cases); group 3 - marsupialization (n=11 cases). We reviewed the clinical and surgical history, physical examination, description of the surgical technique, postoperative results (success and complications), and follow-up data. RESULTS There is no difference between groups in relation to intraoperative bleeding, hematoma, and complete healing in a single treatment session. However, electrosurgery shows the lower percentage of recurrences 18 (10,7%) compared to the Marsupialization technique (group 3, p=.031). Recurrences occurred in 18 (10,7%), 3 (5,9%), and 4 (36,4%) cases. After retreatment by the same technique, there was a complete cure rate of 90% (152/169) for group 1, and 98% (50/51) for group 2. The cost of group 1 was lower than that of other groups. CONCLUSION The fulguration with electrosurgery of the capsule of Bartholin's cyst is an effective method of treatment, andthe cost of this technique is lower than the conventional technique and marsupialization.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar a eficácia da fulguração da eletrocirurgia como tratamento para os cistos da glândula de Bartholin. MÉTODOS Estudo retrospectivo, grupo controle comparativo realizado no Hospital Brigadeiro e disciplina de Ginecologia do Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, de fevereiro de 2005 a março de 2009. Pacientes com cisto de glândula de Bartholin foram divididos em três grupos de tratamento: grupo 1 - eletrocirurgia (n = 169 casos); grupo 2 - excisão da glândula com técnica convencional utilizando bisturi frio (n = 51 casos); grupo 3 - marsupialização (n = 11 casos). Revisamos a história clínica e cirúrgica, o exame físico, a descrição da técnica cirúrgica, os resultados pós-operatórios (sucesso e complicações) e os dados de acompanhamento. RESULTADOS Não há diferença entre os grupos em relação ao sangramento intraoperatório, hematoma e cicatrização completa em uma única sessão de tratamento. No entanto, a eletrocirurgia mostrou o percentual mínimo de recidivas, 18 (10,7%), em relação à técnica de marsupialização (grupo 3, p = 0,031). Recorrências ocorreram em 18 (10,7%), três (5,9%) e quatro (36,4%) casos. Após o retratamento pela mesma técnica, houve taxa de cura completa: 90% (152/169) para o grupo 1 e 98% (50/51) para o grupo 2. O custo do grupo 1 foi menor do que os dos outros grupos. CONCLUSÃO A fulguração com eletrocirurgia da cápsula do cisto de Bartholin é um método efetivo de tratamento, mas o custo dessa técnica é menor do que a técnica de convenção e a marsupialização.

New therapeutic option in genitourinary syndrome of menopause: pilot study using microablative fractional radiofrequency / Nova opção terapêutica na síndrome geniturinária da menopausa: estudo piloto utilizando radiofrequência fracionada microablativa

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the clinical response of patients with symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause after application of microablative fractional radiofrequency in the vagina and vaginal introitus. Methods: Fourteen patients with symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause underwent three applications of microablative fractional radiofrequency with a 30-day interval, using the Wavetronic 6000HF-FRAXX device and a fractional vaginal electrode. The questionnaires World Health Organization Quality of Life (for quality of life evaluation), Female Sexual Function Index and Quality of Life Adapted Questionnaire in the Domain of Sexual Satisfaction (for sexual function and satisfaction evaluation) were administered before and after the applications (30 to 60 days after the last procedure), in addition to the satisfaction questionnaire after procedure. Results: There was an increase in almost all dimensions on average in quality of life, with statistical significance only in the health domain. There was a significant improvement in the sexual domains in almost all dimensions. All patients stopped using lubricant during intercourse after treatment. In the satisfaction questionnaire after treatment, we observed that the vast majority felt cured or much better (29% and 64%, respectively, total of 92.6%) and were very satisfied or satisfied (43 and 57%, respectively, total of 100%). The only patient who reported little improvement had an 18-year postmenopausal history and was treatment naïve. Conclusion: Microablative fractional radiofrequency was effective in treating symptoms of vaginal dryness and dyspareunia, and eliminated the use of vaginal lubricant during the period observed. Since this is a pilot study with a small number of patients, further studies are required to corroborate our findings and evaluate the long-term effects of microablative fractional radiofrequency on the vaginal tissue.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar resposta clínica de pacientes com sintomas da síndrome geniturinária da menopausa após aplicação de radiofrequência fracionada microablativa na vagina e no introito vaginal. Métodos: Quatorze pacientes com sintomas de síndrome geniturinária da menopausa foram submetidas a três aplicações de radiofrequência fracionada microablativa com intervalo de 30 dias, utilizando aparelho Wavetronic 6000HF-FRAXX e eletrodo vaginal fracionado. Foram aplicados os questionários World Health Organization Quality of Life (para avaliar qualidade de vida), Female Sexual Function Index e Quality of Life Adapted Questionnaire in the Domain of Sexual Satisfaction (para verificar função sexual e satisfação) antes e depois das aplicações (30 a 60 dias após último procedimento), além do questionário de satisfação após procedimento. Resultados: Na qualidade de vida, houve aumento na média em geral, com significância estatística apenas no quesito saúde. No domínio sexual, houve melhora significativa em quase todas as dimensões. Todas as pacientes cessaram o uso de lubrificante na relação sexual após o tratamento. No questionário de satisfação após tratamento, a maioria se sentiu curada ou muito melhor (29 e 64%, respectivamente; total de 92,6%) e estava muito satisfeita ou satisfeita (43 e 57%, respectivamente; total de 100%). A única paciente que relatou pouca melhora tinha história de 18 anos de pós-menopausa e era virgem de tratamento. Conclusão: Radiofrequência fracionada microablativa foi efetiva em tratar sintomas de ressecamento vaginal e dispareunia, e eliminou o uso de lubrificante vaginal durante o período observado. Por se tratar de estudo piloto com pequena quantidade de pacientes, mais estudos são necessários para corroborar estes achados e avaliar os efeitos a longo prazo da radiofrequência fracionada microablativa no tecido vaginal.