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1.
Ann Hum Biol ; 49(2): 91-99, 2022 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35604837

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: High pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are significant risk factors for maternal and neonatal health. AIM: To assess pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG during pregnancy and their association with different maternal and neonatal characteristics in the transitional Mediterranean population from the Eastern Adriatic islands. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two hundred and sixty-two mother-child dyads from the CRoatian Islands' Birth Cohort Study (CRIBS) were included in the study. Chi-square test, ANOVA, and regression analysis were used to test the association between selected characteristics. RESULTS: In total, 22% of women entered pregnancy as overweight/obese and 46.6% had excessive GWG. Pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity were significantly associated with elevated triglycerides uric acid levels, and decreased HDL cholesterol in pregnancy. Excessive GWG was associated with elevated fibrinogen and lipoprotein A levels. Women with high pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG values were more likely to give birth to babies that were large for gestational age (LGA), additionally confirmed in the multiple logistic regression model. CONCLUSION: High maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and excessive GWG were both significantly associated with deviated biochemical parameters and neonatal size. More careful monitoring of maternal nutritional status can lead to better pre- and perinatal maternal healthcare.


Assuntos
Sobrepeso , Saúde Reprodutiva , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/etiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Resultado da Gravidez/epidemiologia , Estados Unidos , Aumento de Peso
2.
Health Care Women Int ; 42(12): 1358-1378, 2021 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33900158

RESUMO

The aims were to investigate determinants of the quality of life (QoL) of pregnant women. Total of 302 healthy women 18 to 28 weeks of gestation participated in prospective study. WHOQOL-bref, Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scales, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and the perceived stress appraisals were administered. Various patterns of predictors for four domains of QoL were identified, for psychological (42% variance explained), social relationship (29%), environmental (29%) and physical health (25%). Depression and hope, together with the extent to which one's health is influenced by powerful other or chance should be targeted in health promotion strategies during pregnancy.


Assuntos
Equipamentos para Lactente , Qualidade de Vida , Coorte de Nascimento , Estudos de Coortes , Depressão/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Controle Interno-Externo , Ilhas , Gravidez , Gestantes , Estudos Prospectivos , Inquéritos e Questionários
3.
Gynecol Endocrinol ; 30(11): 785-8, 2014 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24927076

RESUMO

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome seem to have a larger ovarian reserve. However, regardless of a greater reserve, diminished ovarian reserve has been reported after laparoscopic diathermy. The aim of this article was to determine whether the doses adjusted unilateral laparoscopic ovarian drilling with diathermy (ULOD) diminishes ovarian reserve to compare with bilateral laparoscopic ovarian drilling with diathermy (BLOD). Ninety-six women were assigned in two groups. One group underwent ULOD receiving thermal doses (0-840 J per ovary) adjusted to volume one ovary. The other group underwent BLOD receiving fixed doses (600 J per ovary). Ovarian reserve markers [anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH); antral follicle count (AFC) and ovarian volume] were measured before and after surgery (1 and 6 months). Both groups showed a decrease in AMH after surgery, but it was significantly more distinct in the BLOD versus ULOD group (2.0 ng/mL versus 1.3 ng/mL; p = 0.018) in the first follow-up month and remained significantly different through the sixth follow-up month (1.9 ng/mL versus 1.15 ng/mL; p = 0.023). In contrast, in the sixth month, the ULOD versus BLOD showed a significantly greater increase AFC (p < 0.001) and volume (p = 0.013). Our findings evidenced that the dose-adjusted unilateral diathermy (60 J/cm(3)) does not have significant and long-term effects on ovarian reserve.


Assuntos
Hormônio Antimülleriano/sangue , Diatermia/métodos , Folículo Ovariano/fisiopatologia , Reserva Ovariana/fisiologia , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/sangue , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento
4.
Coll Antropol ; 38(2): 779-86, 2014 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25145023

RESUMO

The causal role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in all cancers of the uterine cervix has been firmly established biologically and epidemiologically. Most cancers of both the vulva and the vagina are also induced by HPV. Papillomaviruses are perfectly adapted to their natural host tissue, the differentiating epithelial cell of skin or mucosae, and exploit the cellular machinery for their own purposes. The infectious cycle is initiated once the infectious particles reach the basal layer of the epithelium, where they bind to and enter the cells. The critical molecules in the process of virus replication are the viral proteins E6 and E7, which interact with a number of cellular proteins. In experimental system these interactions have been shown to induce proliferation and eventually immortalization and malignant transformation of cells. Binding of E7 to pRb activates the E2F transcription factor, which then triggers the expression of proteins necessary for DNA replication. Unscheduled S-phase would normally lead to apoptosis by the action of p53. However, in HPV-infected cells, this process is counteracted by the viral E6 protein, which targets p53 for proteolytic degradation. Besides blocking p53 function in regulation of apoptosis, high-risk HPV proteins interact with both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. As an aberration of virus infection, constant activity of the viral proteins E6 and E7 leads to increasing genomic instability, accumulation of oncogene mutations, further loss of cell-growth control and ultimately cancer. The immune system uses innate and adaptive immunity to recognize and combat foreign agents that invade the body, but these methods are sometimes ineffective against human papillomavirus. HPV has several mechanisms for avoiding the immune system. Furthermore, HPV infections disrupt cytokine expression with the E6 and E7 oncoproteins, particularly targeting the expression of interferon genes. Approximately 10% of individuals develop a persistent infection, and it is this cohort who is at risk of cancer progression, with the development of high-grade precursor lesions and eventually invasive carcinoma.


Assuntos
Alphapapillomavirus/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/virologia , Oncogenes , Feminino , Humanos
5.
Coll Antropol ; 38(1): 235-9, 2014 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24851623

RESUMO

The present study asses the prevalence of depressive symptoms among college students in Split, Croatia, and positive influence of sport activity on decreasing the depression symptoms. Authors screened all 664 college students of the first year of study. All of them were over the 18 years and the mean age was 19.4 +/- 1.2 years. There were 466 females (70.2%) and 178 (26.8%) males. They answered The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and questionnaire about their sport activity (no sport activity, recreational and active in sports). For the purpose of the analysis depressive symptoms were defined as a score of > 11. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney test were used for data analysis. 9.4% of the students had significant depression symptoms (score > 11). No one student had score > 26 (symptoms of major depression). Statistically significant lower score on BDI have students who are active in sports (score median = 3) compared to group of recreational (score median = 4) and in correlation to group who are not active in sports (score median = 5) (Kruskal-Wallis: p < 0.001). In the group of active in sports (N = 254) there are only 5.5% with depressions symptoms, while in the group of non active in sports (N = 60) are 18 depressive (chi2-test: p = 0,005). Females are statistically more depressed than males (chi2-test: p = 0.01). In the female group 49 (10.5%) are depressed, and in the male group are 9 (5%). Compared to gender in separate analysis we did not find correlation of decreasing depression symptoms and sport activity among males (chi2-test: p = 0.47), while in females we find that sport activity has significant effect (chi2-test: p = 0.026). Our results shoved moderate values of depression symptoms among college population in Split, Croatia. More females than males experienced depressive symptoms. While sport activity did not have significant influence on the depression in male population, it has significant influence in reducing the depression symptoms among females.


Assuntos
Depressão/epidemiologia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/epidemiologia , Esportes/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Croácia/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Esportes/psicologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Universidades , Adulto Jovem
6.
Gynecol Oncol ; 126(1): 99-102, 2012 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22503824

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability of sentinel node assay in early stage vulvar cancer patients by using preoperative lymphoscintigraphy. METHODS: Technetium-99m colloid albumin was injected intradermally around the tumor for lymphoscintigraphic mapping and intraoperative hand-held gamma probe detection of sentinel nodes. For all patients, sentinel node biopsy was followed by inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy, regardless of the sentinel lymph node status. RESULTS: From December 2008 until May 2011, 25 consecutive patients with T1 or T2 stage of vulvar squamous cell cancer were enrolled. The median age of patients was 69 years (range, 48-79). The detection of sentinel lymph node was successful in all 25 patients. A total of 36 sentinel lymph nodes were harvested and metastatic carcinoma was identified in 12 sentinel nodes from 8 patients. There was 1 patient with metastatic non-sentinel lymph node despite the negative sentinel node. Two patients with negative sentinel nodes proven by routine histopathological examination were positive by immunohistochemical staining. The sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value of sentinel node assay with immunohistochemistry included were 89%, 100%, and 94%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Lymphoscintigraphy and sentinel lymph node biopsy under gamma-detecting probe guidance proved to be an easy and reliable method for the detection of sentinel node in early vulvar cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis improves the sensitivity for the detection of regional micrometastases. The sentinel node assay is highly accurate in predicting the status of the remaining inguinofemoral lymph nodes. Our results indicate that patients best suited to SLN assay have had a simple punch biopsy to confirm the diagnosis rather than a previous tumor excision. This technique represents a true advance in the selection of patients for less radical surgery.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirurgia , Linfonodos/diagnóstico por imagem , Linfonodos/cirurgia , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela/métodos , Neoplasias Vulvares/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Vulvares/cirurgia , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Croácia , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Linfonodos/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Estudos Prospectivos , Cintilografia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela/normas , Neoplasias Vulvares/patologia
8.
Acta Med Croatica ; 61(2): 149-52, 2007 Apr.
Artigo em Servo-Croata (Latino) | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17585469

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common cause of blindness in the active population of industrialized countries. Panretinal argon laser photocoagulation (PRP) is used in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Despite its usefulness, the mentioned treatment has some side effects such as permanent visual field damage. The treatment was performed with two PRP techniques, peripheral panretinal photocoagulation (PPRP) and central panretinal photocoagulation (CPRP). Peripheral visual fields defects were assesed with Vaughans method. The aim of the study was to determine the extent of visual field defects entailed by the two different PRP techniques. RESULTS: Visual field loss in percentage was greater in the group treated with PPRP (mean 9.09 +/- 6.36%) than in group treated with CPRP (mean 4.9 +/- 4.5%) (p = 0.000037). The initial functional DR severity and presence of risk factors that influence DR severity were similar in the two treatment groups. Different results were mostly attributable to the PRP techniques employed, being significantlly less favorable with PPRP.


Assuntos
Retinopatia Diabética/cirurgia , Fotocoagulação a Laser/efeitos adversos , Campos Visuais , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Retinopatia Diabética/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Fotocoagulação a Laser/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
9.
Mil Med ; 170(9): 810-3, 2005 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16261990

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the delivery of health services to different ethnic groups in the war and postwar periods in the area of Livno, Bosnia and Herzegovina. METHODS: The total population, percentages by nationality, and numbers of persons medically or surgically treated at the War and General Hospital of Livno between January 1991 and October 2000 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic data from church, military, and local government archives of the Livno region were used. RESULTS: In the prewar period (1991-1995), there had been living approximately 40,000 inhabitants (Croats, 75%; Moslems, 17%; Serbs, 8%) and 685,361 patients were treated (Croats, 46%; Moslems, 33%; Serbs, 21%). In the war period, 1590 patients were treated surgically (Croats, 78.5%; Moslems, 16.8%; Serbs, 4.7%). In the postwar period (1996-2000), surgery was performed for 3217 patients (Croats, 76.8%; Moslems, 19.3%; Serbs, 3.9%). CONCLUSION: The constant numbers of patients of different nationalities treated during and after the war reveal that the medical staff worked in an ethical and highly professional manner.


Assuntos
Atenção à Saúde , Medicina/estatística & dados numéricos , Especialização , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/estatística & dados numéricos , Guerra , Ferimentos e Lesões/etnologia , Bósnia e Herzegóvina/epidemiologia , Croácia/epidemiologia , Homicídio , Humanos , Islamismo , Refugiados/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Ferimentos e Lesões/classificação , Ferimentos e Lesões/cirurgia , Iugoslávia/epidemiologia
10.
Lijec Vjesn ; 127(1-2): 7-11, 2005.
Artigo em Servo-Croata (Latino) | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16145867

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to examine perinatal outcome of twin pregnancies in maternity wards in Livno and Knin. The perinatal outcome in these two maternity wards was examined retrospectively during the period 1990-2002. The incidence of twin births, the month with the highest incidence of twin births, the age and parity of the women with twins and their gestational age were examined. Also, we compared the perinatal outcome of twins with singletons, distribution according to sex, lie and presentation at birth. During 13 years 10,856 newborns were delivered, and 127 (1.2%) of them were twins. The incidence of twins in maternity wards in Knin and Livno during the war and after the war was not significantly different (p = 0.89). The month with the highest incidence of twin births was May (14.8%). The avarage age of women with twins was 28.9 +/- 9.7. Twins were born mostly by multiparas (2-4 deliveries). 94 (74%) twins were born on term and 33 (26%) twins before term. 74 newborns (7% per hundred) from singletons and 11 (43% per hundred) from twins died during perinatal period. Twins were delivered by cesarean section (27%) three times more often than singletons (8%). Hypertension in twin pregnancies (7%) was twice as frequent as in singletons (4%). 132 (51.6%) male and 122 (48.4%) female newborns were born. The distribution according to sex was: 58 pairs "male-females", 37 "male-male" and 32 pairs "female-female". The distribution according to presentation at birth was: 49% "cephalic-cephalic", 29% "cephalic-breech", 12% "cephalic-transverse", 5% "breech-breech" and all other combinations got 5%. In conclusion, our results during the war and after the war were not different from other centers and studies thanks to good antenatal care and selection of twin pregnancies for transportation on time to the center with higher level of health care.


Assuntos
Resultado da Gravidez , Gravidez Múltipla , Gêmeos , Adulto , Croácia/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Apresentação no Trabalho de Parto , Masculino , Gravidez , Gravidez Múltipla/estatística & dados numéricos
11.
Yonsei Med J ; 43(2): 252-8, 2002 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11971220

RESUMO

As a result of the increased use of drugs that enhance fertility, and the advent of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer over the last 2 decades, the incidence of multifetal pregnancies has increased exponentially. In parallel with this increase methods of care for women carrying multiple fetuses have become more complex and well developed. Importantly, it has become obvious that in the case of such pregnancies the rates of mortality and morbidity of both fetuses and mothers, particularly in cases where four or more fetuses are involved, are extremely high. Improvements in the techniques of assisted fertilization should result in fewer iatrogenic multifetal pregnancies and a commensurate decrease in related risks. Fetal reduction seems to be an acceptable method of improving maternal and fetal outcome in high order multiple pregnancies despite the many unresolved medical and ethical dilemmas.


Assuntos
Ética Médica , Redução de Gravidez Multifetal , Gravidez Múltipla , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Redução de Gravidez Multifetal/efeitos adversos , Redução de Gravidez Multifetal/métodos
12.
Coll Antropol ; 27(2): 729-34, 2003 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14746165

RESUMO

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of replacing current dual local therapy (timolol and pilocarpine) with latanoprost 0.005% in 71 pseudoexfoliation glaucoma patients with controlled intraocular pressure (IOP). 39 patients switched to latanoprost 0.005%) and 32 patients continued timolol-pilocarpine therapy. Mean diurnal (IOP) was measured at baseline, after 0.5, 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment. After 6 months 38 patients with latanoprost and 30 patients with timolol-pilocarpine had completed the study. At baseline the mean diurnal IOP was 20.4 +/- 2.0 mmHg for patients in latanoprost treatment group and 21.4 +/- 2.1 mmHg for patients in timolol-pilocarpine group. At the end of the study, after 6 months of treatment, the mean diurnal IOP values were 16.6 +/- 2.4 and 17.9 +/- 2.0 mmHg respectively. IOP was statistically significantly reduced from baseline (p < 0.001). The mean diurnal IOP change from baseline was -3.3 +/- 0.5 mmHg (mean +/- SEM, ANCOVA) for the patients treated with latanoprost and -3.2 +/- 0.4 mmHg for the patients treated with timolol + pilocarpine. This difference in IOP reduction between groups was not statistically significant (z = 0.69; p = 0.49). This study showed that combination therapy (timolol plus pilocarpine) in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma can effectively be replaced by latanoprost monotherapy.


Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/administração & dosagem , Glaucoma/tratamento farmacológico , Mióticos/administração & dosagem , Pilocarpina/administração & dosagem , Prostaglandinas F Sintéticas/uso terapêutico , Timolol/administração & dosagem , Idoso , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Pressão Intraocular/efeitos dos fármacos , Latanoprosta , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
13.
Coll Antropol ; 27(1): 181-7, 2003 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12974145

RESUMO

The purpose of the study was to find out differences between treatments of diabetes type 2 after secondary oral antidiabetic drug failure. Three different methods of treatment were compared: lispro insulin in combination with metformin, glimepiride and metformin combination or two daily doses of biphasic insulin 30/70 together with bed-time NPH insulin. The study included 87 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 randomly distributed into 3 different treatment groups. Fasting and postprandial glucose were analyzed by enzymatic colorimetric method and HbA1c was measured by ion exchange chromatography. HbA1c significantly decreased in all three study groups. The decrease was mostly expressed among patients treated with lispro and metformin. When focused on postprandial glucose control, antihyperglycemic metformin and insulin lispro therapy has greater impact on the overall metabolic control (decrease in level of HbA1c) in comparison with the above mentioned more traditional approaches.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Insulina/análogos & derivados , Insulina/farmacologia , Metformina/farmacologia , Compostos de Sulfonilureia/farmacologia , Administração Oral , Idoso , Glicemia/análise , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/administração & dosagem , Insulina/administração & dosagem , Insulina Lispro , Masculino , Metformina/administração & dosagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Período Pós-Prandial , Compostos de Sulfonilureia/administração & dosagem , Resultado do Tratamento
14.
Lijec Vjesn ; 126(9-10): 240-2, 2004.
Artigo em Servo-Croata (Latino) | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15918320

RESUMO

Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a pathological condition of the eye with fast deterioration, accompanied with eyeball pain and loosing sight. The aim of the study was to examine the efficacy of cryotherapy in the treatment of NVG which is resistant to medical and surgical therapy, concerning intraocular pressure (IOT) and eyeball pain immediately after the treatment and 6 months after. In the Department of Ophthalmology, Split University Scool of Medicine, during three years 70 patients with NVG, which were resistant to medical and surgical treatment, were included in the prospective study. There were 50 males and 21 women, average age 74 +/- 6.94 (45-87). The patients were treated with transconjuctival cyclocryocoagulation, machine ERBOKRYIO AE-ERBE was used. The average value of IOT was: at admission 44.8 mmHg, 7 days after the treatment 30.7 mmHg with the tendency of falling down 30 and 90 days later, to finally 19.9 mmHg 180 days after the treatment. The IOT was significantly lower after the treatment. At admission, the average value of eyeball pain intensity was high (4.2), 7 days after the treatment it was 2.1 with the tendency of falling down to finally 1.1 180 days after the treatment. The eyeball pain intensity was significantly lower after the treatment. Cyclocryocoagulation is a method of choice in the treatment of NVG resistant to medical and surgical treatment. Cyclocryocoagulation, as a treatment of noncontrolled progressive NVG, does not have any effect on the improvement of sight in these patient.


Assuntos
Criocirurgia , Glaucoma Neovascular/cirurgia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias
15.
Med Arh ; 57(1): 39-44, 2003.
Artigo em Servo-Croata (Latino) | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12693345

RESUMO

The paragraphs of statistics for maternity hospital of county hospital in Livno for period 1995-1999, year are presented and describe perinatal, fetal and early neonatal mortality, newborns to birth-weight, the frequency of caesarean section, eclampsia, vacuum extraction, antenatal care and equipment maternity hospital and morbidity of the infants. Perinatal mortality in 1995 was 5.6@1000, but for 4 years 6.9@1000. Early neonatal mortality was appearing till 1996 year only with one death of newborn (1.1@1000). Fetal mortality was increased to 12.3@1000 in 1997; but the years before was 6.2@1000. According to the weight of newborns, 3.5% were no more than 2.500 g, but 93.5% were between 2.500-3.000 g, while newborns over 4.000 g where 3.0 percent. Watching and closely looking statistics for years in the classified groups does not fortify the major differences, except 1995 when was 1.7% newborns less than 2.500 g, but over 4.000 g 7.9%, that is under average and explaining to the minimum numbers of birth that year, and orienting refugees and exilied pregnant women to the centres with stronger obstetric and neonatal care Eclampsy were 9 and it was 2.2@1000. The number of antenatal visits of pregnant women increase during all these years, so that total number of visits was 20.905, that means 5.2 was the middle number of visits. There are much more without 2.0% or less than 3 visits 5.0%; with 9 or more 29.0%; the average number ultrasound examination is 3.4, and total 13.748, 37.0 percent of pregnant women is with 3 examples and 10.0% with 4 or over it, but 7.0% without ultrasonographc. It is obviously, that the number of the pregnant women without ultrasound examination is falling, so in 1995 there was 14.0% but 2.0% in 1999. Very important is increase those with 3 examination according to 1995 when there was 27.0%, but 47.0% in 1999. The usage of caesarean section is 7.7% but the major increase was in 1998 and it was 9.4% and 1999 is 10.1%. Vacuum extraction was used in 67 (1.7%) of newborns but in 1995 was 3.2%, the obstetric activity does three gynecologists. For perinatal mortality is important to say, that, during the war time, about 6.9@1000 in maternity hospital Livno was ranged into the group with low perinatal mortality. According to, the number of vacuum extraction belongs to the number of maternity hospital with vacuum extractions below 2.0%. Maternity hospital has two incubator after 1997 year and cardiotocographic intrapartal monitoring was used in about 55-65% of all deliveries.


Assuntos
Mortalidade Infantil , Mortalidade Materna , Assistência Perinatal , Guerra , Adulto , Bósnia e Herzegóvina/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez
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