RESUMO
Optimal therapeutic approaches for advanced Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) are not known. We assessed the safety and efficacy of combined chemotherapy with MAPK pathway inhibition in 10 patients with refractory systemic disease and/or LCH-associated neurodegeneration. Overall response rate was 9/10 (90%) for the entire cohort: 5/5 (100%) for patients with systemic disease and 6/7 (86%) for patients with central nervous system disease. BRAFV600E+ peripheral blood fraction decreased in 5/6 (83%). Toxicities included fever, skin rash, myalgias, neuropathy, cytopenias and hypocalcaemia. Prospective trials are required to optimize combination strategies, determine potential to achieve cure and compare outcomes to chemotherapy or MAPK inhibitor monotherapy.
Assuntos
Histiocitose de Células de Langerhans , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Histiocitose de Células de Langerhans/tratamento farmacológico , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/efeitos adversos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/genética , Recidiva , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Over 50% of patients with systemic LCH are not cured with front-line therapies, and data to guide salvage options are limited. We describe 58 patients with LCH who were treated with clofarabine. Clofarabine monotherapy was active against LCH in this cohort, including heavily pretreated patients with a systemic objective response rate of 92.6%, higher in children (93.8%) than adults (83.3%). BRAFV600E+ variant allele frequency in peripheral blood is correlated with clinical responses. Prospective multicentre trials are warranted to determine optimal dosing, long-term efficacy, late toxicities, relative cost and patient-reported outcomes of clofarabine compared to alternative LCH salvage therapy strategies.
Assuntos
Clofarabina , Histiocitose de Células de Langerhans , Humanos , Clofarabina/uso terapêutico , Clofarabina/administração & dosagem , Histiocitose de Células de Langerhans/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Adolescente , Criança , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pré-Escolar , Adulto Jovem , Idoso , Recidiva , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/genética , Lactente , Resultado do Tratamento , Terapia de Salvação , Nucleotídeos de Adenina/uso terapêutico , Nucleotídeos de Adenina/administração & dosagem , Nucleotídeos de Adenina/efeitos adversos , Arabinonucleosídeos/uso terapêutico , Arabinonucleosídeos/administração & dosagem , Arabinonucleosídeos/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) have been effectively treated with intravenous cytarabine. Intravenous or subcutaneous cytarabine infusions have been effective for leukemia patients, and pharmacokinetic studies have shown very similar blood levels of the drug with either route. We present three LCH patients treated with subcutaneous cytarabine either because intravenous access could not be maintained or due to patient refusal. One patient with pulmonary and skin LCH had a complete response. Another patient had a partial response of pulmonary and cutaneous lesions, but progressive bone disease. The third patient was treated for LCH-related cerebellar changes eight years after the diagnosis of isolated diabetes insipidus, with stable brain MRI for 5 years post-treatment. Subcutaneous cytarabine administration provides an alternative for patients with LCH in whom vascular access is not possible or practical, such as in some resource-limited circumstances.
Assuntos
Histiocitose de Células de Langerhans , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Humanos , Citarabina/uso terapêutico , Histiocitose de Células de Langerhans/diagnóstico por imagem , Histiocitose de Células de Langerhans/tratamento farmacológico , Indução de Remissão , Imageamento por Ressonância MagnéticaRESUMO
ABSTRACT: Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) in pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of Epstein-Barr virus-infected (EBV+) B cells due to decreased immune function. This study evaluated the feasibility, safety, clinical and immunobiological outcomes in pediatric SOT recipients with PTLD treated with rituximab and third-party latent membrane protein-specific T cells (LMP-TCs). Newly diagnosed (ND) patients without complete response to rituximab and all patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease received LMP-TCs. Suitable LMP-TC products were available for all eligible subjects. Thirteen of 15 patients who received LMP-TCs were treated within the prescribed 14-day time frame. LMP-TC therapy was generally well tolerated. Notable adverse events included 3 episodes of rejection in cardiac transplant recipients during LMP-TC therapy attributed to subtherapeutic immunosuppression and 1 episode of grade 3 cytokine release syndrome. Clinical outcomes were associated with disease severity. Overall response rate (ORR) after LMP-TC cycle 1 was 70% (7/10) for the ND cohort and 20% (1/5) for the R/R cohort. For all cohorts combined, the best ORR for LMP-TC cycles 1 and 2 was 53% and the 2-year overall survival was 70.7%. vßT-cell receptor sequencing showed persistence of adoptively transferred third-party LMP-TCs for up to 8 months in the ND cohort. This study establishes the feasibility of administering novel T-cell therapies in a cooperative group clinical trial and demonstrates the potential for positive outcomes without chemotherapy for ND patients with PTLD. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02900976 and at the Children's Oncology Group as ANHL1522.
Assuntos
Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos , Humanos , Criança , Rituximab/farmacologia , Rituximab/uso terapêutico , Herpesvirus Humano 4 , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/complicações , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/tratamento farmacológico , Linfócitos T , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos/etiologia , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos/diagnósticoRESUMO
Dietary fiber is known to influence symbiotic gut microbiota community structure and physiology; however, how and if dietary fiber can induce further exogenous nutrient uptake within gut microbes is ill-defined. Recent findings highlight how during periods of high-fiber consumption, a prevalent gut bacteria senses and scavenges the ubiquitous sugar ribose. This molecular adaptation exemplifies how particular gut microbes have developed a sophisticated system to scavenge nutrients in a diet-dependent manner.
Assuntos
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Bactérias/genética , Dieta , Fibras na Dieta , Humanos , RiboseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Global estimations of 4 billion people living on plant-based diets signify tremendous diversity in plant consumption and their assorted miRNAs, which presents a challenging model to experimentally address how plant-based miRNAs impact the microbiome. Here we establish baseline gut microbiome composition for a mouse model deficient in the specific mammalian miR-146a shown to alter gut microbiomes. We then asses the effect on the gut microbiome when miR-146a-deficient mice are fed a transgenic plant-based diet expressing the murine-derived miR-146a. Mice deficient in miR-146a were maintained either on a baseline diet until 7 weeks of age (day 0) and then fed either vector or miR-146a-expressing plant-based diets for 21 days. The gut microbiomes of mice were examined by comparing the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene sequences of DNA isolated from fecal samples at days 0 (baseline diet) and 21 (vector or miR-146a expressing plant-based diets). RESULTS: Beta-diversity analysis demonstrated that the transition from baseline chow to a plant-based diet resulted in significant longitudinal shifts in microbial community structure attributable to increased fiber intake. Bipartite network analysis suggests that miR-146a-deficient mice fed a plant diet rich in miR-146a have a microbiome population modestly different than mice fed an isogenic control plant diet deficient in miR-146a. CONCLUSION: A mouse diet composed of a transgenic plant expressing a mouse miR-146a may fine tune microbial communities but does not appear to have global effects on microbiome structure and composition.
RESUMO
Plant-derived microRNAs stabilized by species-specific lipid nanoparticles mediate interkingdom communication through bacterial intermediates and impact consumer health. Ingested by distinct gut bacteria, these microRNA-containing particles alter bacterial gene expression to affect host immunity. This three-kingdom interplay provides compelling approaches for health-directed dietary interventions for consumers.