RESUMO
KEY MESSAGE: Coexpression of two antifungal genes ( NPR1 and defensin ) in transgenic peanut results in the development of resistance to two major fungal pathogens, Aspergillus flavus and Cercospora arachidicola. Fungal diseases have been one of the principal causes of crop losses with no exception to peanut (Arachis hypogeae L.), a major oilseed crop in Asia and Africa. To address this problem, breeding for fungal disease resistance has been successful to some extent against specific pathogens. However, combating more than one fungal pathogen via breeding is a major limitation in peanut. In the present study, we demonstrated the potential use of co-overexpression of two genes, NPR1 and defensin isolated from Brassica juncea and Trigonella foenum-graecum respectively; that offered resistance towards Aspergillus flavus in peanut. The transgenic plants not only resisted the mycelial growth but also did not accumulate aflatoxin in the seeds. Resistance was also demonstrated against another pathogen, Cercospora arachidicola at varied levels; the transgenic plants showed both reduction in the number of spots and delay in the onset of disease. PCR, Southern and Western blot analysis confirmed stable integration and expression of the transgenes in the transgenic plants. The combinatorial use of the two pathogen resistance genes presents a novel approach to mitigate two important fungal pathogens of peanut.
Assuntos
Arachis/imunologia , Resistência à Doença/genética , Mostardeira/genética , Doenças das Plantas/imunologia , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Trigonella/genética , Arachis/genética , Arachis/microbiologia , Ascomicetos/fisiologia , Aspergillus flavus/fisiologia , Defensinas/genética , Defensinas/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Plântula/genética , Plântula/imunologia , Plântula/microbiologia , Sementes/genética , Sementes/imunologia , Sementes/microbiologia , Transformação Genética , TransgenesRESUMO
Schwannomas are tumours that arise from the myelin sheath of the nerves. A very unusual location for schwannoma is the retro peritoneal areas (less than 2%). We present herewith a patient who had a 4x5cm Schwannoma arising from the nerve root of L2 on the right side, which presented as a lump in the psoas major muscle. This was treated by total laparoscopic excision after splitting open the psoas major. In the published english medical literature we could find only 16 cases of laparoscopic resection of retroperitoneal schwannoma and we believe ours to be the first case that was done through a psoas muscle split technique. Technical and histopathological details are discussed elaborately in this article.