Reducing tau aggregates with anle138b delays disease progression in a mouse model of tauopathies.

Pathological tau aggregation leads to filamentous tau inclusions and characterizes neurodegenerative tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17. Tau aggregation coincides with clinical symptoms and is thought to mediate neurodegeneration. Transgenic mice overexpressing mutant human P301S tau exhibit many neuropathological features of human tauopathies including behavioral deficits and increased mortality. Here, we show that the di-phenyl-pyrazole anle138b binds to aggregated tau and inhibits tau aggregation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, anle138b treatment effectively ameliorates disease symptoms, increases survival time and improves cognition of tau transgenic PS19 mice. In addition, we found decreased synapse and neuron loss accompanied by a decreased gliosis in the hippocampus. Our results suggest that reducing tau aggregates with anle138b may represent an effective and promising approach for the treatment of human tauopathies.

Bridging-therapy with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator improves functional outcome in patients with endovascular treatment in acute stroke.

BACKGROUND: Although endovascular treatment for proximal cerebral vessel occlusion is very effective, it remains controversial if intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) prior to endovascular treatment is superior compared to endovascular treatment alone. In this study we compared functional outcomes and recanalization rates of endovascularly treated stroke patients with and without bridging IVT. METHODS: Patients with acute large artery occlusion within the anterior and posterior cerebral circulation eligible for intraarterial revascularization with and without prior IVT were included in this monocentric, prospective observational study. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were determined at baseline, discharge and 90-days follow up after stroke. Successful reperfusion was defined as a Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) scale 2b-3. RESULTS: Of the 109 patients included, 81 (74%) received bridging therapy with i.v.-rtPA prior to endovascular treatment, 28 (26%) received endovascular treatment alone. There was no difference in groin-to-reperfusion time between the groups (54 vs 50min; p=0.657), but a trend towards a higher reperfusion rate in patients with bridging therapy (69 vs 15 patients, p=0.099). Mean improvement of the NIHSS during hospitalization was 8 points (SD; ±8) in the bridging-group and 2 points (SD, ±7) in the non-bridging-group (p=0.001). Number of patients with discharge mRS 0-2 (34 vs 5; p=0.024) and 90-days mRS 0-2 (35 vs 6; p=0.061) was higher in the bridging-group compared to the non-bridging-group. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that bridging therapy with i.v.-rtPA improves functional outcome in patients eligible for endovascular treatment. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and to identify patients most likely benefitting from bridging therapy.