Current Standards in the Endoscopic Management of Bladder Cancer: A Survey Evaluation among Urologists in German-Speaking Countries.

INTRODUCTION: To assess the current diagnostic, treatment, and documentation strategies for bladder cancer (BC) in German-speaking countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 14-item web-based survey was distributed among members of the German, Austrian, and Swiss Associations of Urology, addressing physicians who perform cystoscopies and transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURB). RESULTS: The survey was responded to by 308 of 5,564 urologists with a mean age of 49.5 years (response rate: 5.5%). The majority of participants (57.3%) practice in an outpatient setting. White light cystoscopy only is used by 60.2%, with additional photodynamic diagnosis and narrow band imaging by 36.8 and 12.5%, respectively. Endoscopic findings are documented in written form by 93.5%, followed by image capture (33.7%) and a central data archive (20.8%). Inpatient hospital urologists document cystoscopic findings by freehand drawing (21.4 vs. 11.4%, p = 0.017), and with a fixed bladder scheme (31.3 vs. 7.4%, <0.05) significantly more frequently. Cystoscopic findings are mainly conveyed to other health professionals in written form (77.4%), and significantly more often by inpatient urologists (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences exist in the approach to documenting and communicating cystoscopic BC findings. Accurate graphic documentation of lesions, visualization of the mucosa's totality, and meticulous consultation of previous surgical reports require improvements to reduce recurrence and progression rates.

Malignancy rates and diagnostic performance of the Bosniak classification for the diagnosis of cystic renal lesions in computed tomography - a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the literature on the Bosniak classification system in CT to determine its diagnostic performance to diagnose malignant cystic lesions and the prevalence of malignancy in Bosniak categories. METHODS: A predefined database search was performed from 1 January 1986 to 18 January 2016. Two independent reviewers extracted data on malignancy rates in Bosniak categories and several covariates using predefined criteria. Study quality was assessed using QUADAS-2. Meta-analysis included data pooling, subgroup analyses, meta-regression and investigation of publication bias. RESULTS: A total of 35 studies, which included 2,578 lesions, were investigated. Data on observer experience, inter-observer variation and technical CT standards were insufficiently reported. The pooled rate of malignancy increased from Bosniak I (3.2 %, 95 % CI 0-6.8, I2 = 5 %) to Bosniak II (6 %, 95 % CI 2.7-9.3, I2 = 32 %), IIF (6.7 %, 95 % CI 5-8.4, I2 = 0 %), III (55.1 %, 95 % CI 45.7-64.5, I2 = 89 %) and IV (91 %, 95 % CI 87.7-94.2, I2 = 36). Several study design-related influences on malignancy rates and subsequent diagnostic performance indices were identified. CONCLUSION: The Bosniak classification is an accurate tool with which to stratify the risk of malignancy in renal cystic lesions. KEY POINTS: • The Bosniak classification can accurately rule out malignancy. • Specificity remains moderate at 74 % (95 % CI 64-82). • Follow-up examinations should be considered in Bosniak IIF and Bosniak II cysts. • Data on the influence of reader experience and inter-reader variability are insufficient. • Technical CT standards and publication year did not influence diagnostic performance.

Solitary osteoclast-like giant cell tumor of the kidney: a case report.

Osteoclast-like giant cell tumors are very uncommon and originate in osseous and tendinous tissues. However, they are also very rarely found in visceral organs. The kidney is extremely rarely affected by this tumor entity; usually osteoclast-like giant cell tumors are associated with papillary renal cell carcinoma. We present the third case in the literature of a solitary osteoclast-like giant cell tumor in the kidney of an 89-year-old man and give a short overview of the current literature.