Tunable spin injection and detection across a van der Waals interface.

Van der Waals heterostructures with two-dimensional magnets offer a magnetic junction with an atomically sharp and clean interface. This attribute ensures that the magnetic layers maintain their intrinsic spin-polarized electronic states and spin-flipping scattering processes at a minimum level, a trait that can expand spintronic device functionalities. Here, using a van der Waals assembly of ferromagnetic Fe3GeTe2 with non-magnetic hexagonal boron nitride and WSe2 layers, we demonstrate electrically tunable, highly transparent spin injection and detection across the van der Waals interfaces. By varying an electrical bias, the net spin polarization of the injected carriers can be modulated and reversed in polarity, which leads to sign changes of the tunnelling magnetoresistance. We attribute the spin polarization reversals to sizable contributions from high-energy localized spin states in the metallic ferromagnet, so far inaccessible in conventional magnetic junctions. Such tunability of the spin-valve operations opens a promising route for the electronic control of next-generation low-dimensional spintronic device applications.

Orbital Order Melting at Reduced Dimensions.

The orbital degree of freedom, strongly coupled with the lattice and spin, is an important factor when designing correlated functions. Whether the long-range orbital order is stable at reduced dimensions and, if not, what the critical thickness is remains a tantalizing question. Here, we report the melting of orbital ordering, observed by controlling the dimensionality of the canonical eg1 orbital system LaMnO3. Epitaxial films are synthesized with vertically aligned orbital ordering planes on an orthorhombic substrate, so that reducing film thickness changes the two-dimensional planes into quasi-one-dimensional nanostrips. The orbital order appears to be suppressed below the critical thickness of about six unit cells by changing the characteristic phonon modes and making the Mn d orbital more isotropic. Density functional calculations reveal that the electronic energy instability induced by bandwidth narrowing via the dimensional crossover and the interfacial effect causes the absence of orbital order in the ultrathin thickness.

Direct Observation of Orbital Driven Strong Interlayer Coupling in Puckered Two-Dimensional PdSe2.

Interlayer coupling between individual unit layers is known to be critical in manipulating the layer-dependent properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials. While recent studies have revealed that several 2D materials with significant degrees of interlayer interaction (such as black phosphorus) show strongly layer-dependent properties, the origin based on the electronic structure is drawing intensive attention along with 2D materials exploration. Here, the direct observation of a highly dispersive single electronic band along the interlayer direction in puckered 2D PdSe2 as an experimental hallmark of strong interlayer couplings is reported. Remarkably large band dispersion along the kz -direction near Fermi level, which is even wider than the in-plane one, is observed by the angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurement. Employing X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, it is revealed that the strong interlayer coupling in 2D PdSe2 originates from the unique directional bonding of Pd d orbitals associated with unexpected Pd 4d9 configuration, which consequently plays a decisive role for the strong layer-dependency of the band gap.

Critical Role of Ti4+ in Stabilizing High-Voltage Redox Reactions in Li-Rich Layered Material.

Li-rich layered oxide materials are considered promising candidates for high-capacity cathodes for battery applications and improving the reversibility of the anionic redox reaction is the key to exploiting the full capacity of these materials. However, permanent structural change of the electrode occurring upon electrochemical cycling results in capacity and voltage decay. In view of these factors, Ti4+ -substituted Li2 IrO3 (Li2 Ir0.75 Ti0.25 O3 ) is synthesized, which undergoes an oxygen redox reaction with suppressed voltage decay, yielding improved electrochemical performance and good capacity retention. It is shown that the increased bond covalency upon Ti4+ substitution results in structural stability, tuning the phase stability from O3 to O1' upon de-lithiation during charging compared with O3 to T3 and O1 for pristine Li2 IrO3 , thereby facilitating the oxidation of oxygen. This work unravels the role of Ti4+ in stabilizing the cathode framework, providing insight for a fundamental design approach for advanced Li-rich layered oxide battery materials.

Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis in Strained A-Site Cation Deficient LaNiO3 Perovskite Thin Films.

As the BO6 octahedral structure in perovskite oxide is strongly linked with electronic behavior, it is actively studied for various fields such as metal-insulator transition, superconductivity, and so on. However, the research about the relationship between water-splitting activity and BO6 structure is largely lacking. Here, we report the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of LaNiO3 (LNO) by changing the NiO6 structure using compositional change and strain. The 5 atom % La deficiency in LNO resulted in an increase of the Ni-O-Ni bond angle and an expansion of bandwidth, enhancing the charge transfer ability. In-plane compressive strain derives the higher dz2 orbital occupancy, leading to suitable metal-oxygen bond strength for OER. Because of the synergistic effect of A-site deficiency and compressive strain, the overpotential (η) of compressively strained L0.95NO film is reduced to 130 mV at j = 30 µA/cm2 compared with nonstrained LNO (η = 280 mV), indicating a significant enhancement in OER.

Effect of udenafil administration on postmicturition dribbling in men: a prospective, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical study.

PURPOSE: Postmicturition dribbling (PMD) is a stressful symptom in middle-aged men characterized by urinary leakage after the completion of normal voiding. Appropriate treatments have not yet been introduced. This study assessed the efficacy of treatment of PMD with 75 mg udenafil daily. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 138 men with regular sexual lifestyles. The Hallym PMD questionnaire (HPMDQ) was used to assess PMD symptoms. After all basic examinations, patients were randomly assigned to either udenafil or placebo. Patients completed the surveys, uroflowmetry (UFM), a bladder scan, and the paper test during the follow-up visit. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 57.6 years. PMD with one of every three urinations was experienced by 59 patients (42.8%), whereas 45 patients (32.6%) experienced PMD with two of every three urinations. PMD with every urination was experienced by 34 patients (24.6%). More than half of the patients (89 patients, 65.4%) indicated that persistent PMD symptoms would likely result in moderate to severe discomfort in their daily activities. As time passed, the udenafil group showed significant improvement in PMD symptoms (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Udenafil 75 mg once daily can be an effective treatment for patients with PMD symptoms.

First Observation of Ferroelectricity in ∼1 nm Ultrathin Semiconducting BaTiO3 Films.

The requirements of multifunctionality in thin-film systems have led to the discovery of unique physical properties and degrees of freedom, which exist only in film forms. With progress in growth techniques, one can decrease the film thickness to the scale of a few nanometers (∼nm), where its unique physical properties are still pronounced. Among advanced ultrathin film systems, ferroelectrics have generated tremendous interest. As a prototype ferroelectric, the electrical properties of BaTiO3 (BTO) films have been extensively studied, and it has been theoretically predicted that ferroelectricity sustains down to ∼nm thick films. However, efforts toward determining the minimum thickness for ferroelectric films have been hindered by practical issues surrounding large leakage currents. In this study, we used ∼nm thick BTO films, exhibiting semiconducting characteristics, grown on a LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) heterostructure. In particular, we utilized two-dimensional electron gas at the LAO/STO heterointerface as the bottom electrode in these capacitor junctions. We demonstrate that the BTO film exhibits ferroelectricity at room temperature, even when it is only ∼2 unit-cells thick, and the total thickness of the capacitor junction can be reduced to less than ∼4 nm. Observation of ferroelectricity in ultrathin semiconducting films and the resulting shrunken capacitor thickness will expand the applicability of ferroelectrics in the next generation of functional devices.

Giant Magnetic Anisotropy Induced by Ligand LS Coupling in Layered Cr Compounds.

We propose a novel origin of magnetic anisotropy to explain the unusual magnetic behaviors of layered ferromagnetic Cr compounds (3d^{3}) wherein the anisotropy field varies from ≲0.01 to ∼3 T on changing the ligand atom in a common hexagonal structure. The effect of the ligand p orbital spin-orbit (LS) coupling on the magnetic anisotropy is explored by using four-site full multiplet cluster model calculations for energies involving the superexchange interaction at different spin axes. Our calculation shows that the anisotropy energy, which is the energy difference for different spin axes, is strongly affected not only by the LS coupling strength but also by the degree of p-d covalency in the layered geometry. This anisotropy energy involving the superexchange appears to dominate the magnetic anisotropy and even explains the giant magnetic anisotropy as large as 3 T observed in CrI_{3}.

Effect of tadalafil 5 mg on post-micturition dribble in men with lower urinary tract symptoms: a multicentre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of taking tadalafil 5 mg and placebo once daily on post-micturition dribble (PMD) in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Our prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial enrolled 102 men with PMD and other LUTS. PMD was assessed using the Hallym Post-Micturition Dribble Questionnaire (HPMDQ) and according to PMD volume. Over a 12-week period, patients took either tadalafil 5 mg (n = 51) or placebo (n = 51) once daily and their HPMDQ and PMD volume results were evaluated. Adverse events (AEs) were also reported. RESULTS: Over the course of 12 weeks, total HPMDQscores and PMD volumes improved significantly more in the tadalafil group than in the placebo group (reduction of total HPMDQ score of ≥2 points in the tadalafil and placebo group in 68.8% and 31.9% of patients (P < 0.001) and decreased mean PMD volume in the tadalafil and placebo group at 0.48 mL and 0.22  mL, respectively (P = 0.046). Specifically, PMD frequency decreased and quality of life increased significantly more in the tadalafil group than in the placebo group (P = 0.029 and P < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, 66.7% of the tadalafil group reported moderate and significant PMD improvement, whereas only 4.2% reported that tadalafil was ineffective. Treatment-emergent AEs did not significantly differ between the groups (all P > 0.05), and no serious AEs were observed. CONCLUSION: Taking tadalafil 5 mg once daily reduced PMD symptom severity and PMD volume in men with PMD, without inducing serious AEs, more effectively than placebo, suggesting that taking tadalafil 5 mg once daily may be an effective and well-tolerated PMD treatment.

A Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety Between Hyaluronic Acid and Polylactic Acid Filler Injection in Penile Augmentation: A Multicenter, Patient/Evaluator-Blinded, Randomized Trial.

BACKGROUND: Studies about the clinical utility of fillers on penile augmentation (PA) are lacking. Furthermore, no randomized study has compared the utilities of fillers. AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety between hyaluronic acid (HA) and polylactic acid (PLA) filler injection for PA. METHODS: This prospective, randomized patient/evaluator-blind, comparative multicenter study consisted of an initial 2-week baseline period and 48-week patient/evaluator-blind post-injection period. 72 patients with small penis syndrome were enrolled from 3 institutions between March-July 2016. Patients were divided into 2 groups: the HA group, comprising 36 patients injected with HA, and the PLA group, comprising 36 patients injected with PLA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Penile girth and satisfaction were assessed at baseline and at 4, 12, 24, and 48 weeks after injection. RESULTS: Penile girth increases adequately lasted ≤48 weeks in both groups (16.95 ± 10.53 and 13.49 ± 9.98 mm of mean increase in the HA and PLA groups, respectively; P < .001). The mean penile girth increase in the HA group was significantly greater than that in the PLA group at 4 weeks (P < .001). Subsequently, it gradually decreased and was no longer significantly different at 48 weeks (P = .075). Satisfaction levels increased after injection and were maintained ≤48 weeks. No significant differences were observed in the overall satisfaction level between the groups (P > .05). Filler injection-related adverse events were mild and transient and occurred in 1 and 3 patients in the HA and PLA groups, respectively. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: This study provides an overview of the efficacy and safety of HA and PLA fillers, which are the most commonly used soft tissue fillers for PA. STRENGTH AND LIMITATIONS: This study, to our knowledge, is the first to compare the efficacy and safety between different filler injections for human PA. However, it was impossible to perform a researcher-blinded trial because of the unique properties of fillers, and 31 patients (43.1%) were dropped during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Both HA and PLA filler injections for PA led to a significant augmentative effect without serious adverse events and had clinically comparable efficacy and safety. Yang DY, Ko K, Lee SH, et al. A Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety Between Hyaluronic Acid and Polylactic Acid Filler Injection in Penile Augmentation: A Multicenter, Patient/Evaluator-Blinded, Randomized Trial. J Sex Med 2019;16:577-585.

Magnetic origin of giant magnetoelectricity in doped Y-type hexaferrite Ba(0.5)Sr(1.5)Zn(2)(Fe(1-x)Al(x))(12)O(22).

We investigated site-specific magnetic behaviors of multiferroic Ba(0.5)Sr(1.5)Zn(2)(Fe(1-x)Al(x))(12)O(22) using Fe L(2,3)-edge x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. The Al dopants mostly replace the Fe(3+) ions at octahedral (O(h)) sites, which contribute unquenched angular momenta through off-centering displacements. This replacement greatly reduces the magnetic anisotropy energy to change the magnetic order from a helical to a heliconical type with enhanced magnetoelectric susceptibility (α(ME)). The tetrahedral (T(d)) Fe sites exhibit magnetic hysteresis distinguishable from that of the O(h) sites, especially at low magnetic fields. These results provide essential clues for the heliconical order with a giant α(ME) and multibit memory effects in the Al-doped Y-type hexaferrite.

Prospective randomized controlled trial of conventional laparoscopic versus laparoendoscopic single-site radical nephrectomy for localized renal cell carcinoma: a preliminary report regarding quality of life.

PURPOSE: The safety and efficacy of laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have not been clearly demonstrated. We aimed to present preliminary data from a prospective randomized controlled trial of LESS versus conventional laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for localized RCC. METHODS: Patients with cT1-2 RCC were randomized to LESS (n = 17) or conventional laparoscopy (n = 18) group. The short-term outcome measures assessed were perioperative morbidity, postoperative pain, and quality of recovery as determined using QoR-40. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed between the LESS and conventional laparoscopy groups with respect to operative time (143.5 vs. 126.1 min, p = 0.218), blood loss (143.6 vs. 118.2 ml, p = 0.121), hospital stay (3.8 vs. 3.1 day s, p = 0.170), analgesic requirements (63.2 vs. 60.0 mg, p = 0.956), and complication rates (26.7 vs. 22.2 %, p = 0.767). However, postoperative quality of recovery was better in the LESS group (176.4 vs. 152.6, p = 0.005). Furthermore, quality of recovery, as measured using the QoR-40 dimensions of emotional state (39.9 vs. 34.0, p = 0.003), physical comfort (51.9 vs. 46.7, p = 0.034), psychological support (32.2 vs. 25.8, p = 0.003), and physical independence (20.7 vs. 17.5, p = 0.047), but not pain (31.8 vs. 29.6, p = 0.259), was significantly better in the LESS group. CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary results from this prospective trial suggest that LESS could be a safe and effective treatment option for localized RCC with equivalent surgical outcomes and improved postoperative quality of recovery compared with conventional laparoscopic surgery.

Impact of positive surgical margins and their locations after radical prostatectomy: comparison of biochemical recurrence according to risk stratification and surgical modality.

PURPOSE: We investigated the influence of positive surgical margins (PSMs) and their locations on biochemical recurrence (BCR) according to risk stratification and surgical modality. METHODS: A total of 1,874 post-radical-prostatectomy (RP) patients of pT2-T3a between 2000 and 2010 at three tertiary centers, and who did not receive neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy, were included in this study. Patients were stratified according to BCR risk: low risk (PSA <10, pT2a-b, and pGS ≤6), intermediate risk (PSA 10-20 and/or pT2c and/or pGS 7), and high risk (PSA >20 or pT3a or pGS 8-10). The median follow-up was 43 months. RESULTS: PSMs were a significant predictor of BCR in both the intermediate- and high-risk-disease groups (P = .001, HR 2.1, 95 % CI 1.3-3.4; P < .001, HR 2.8, 95 % CI 2.0-4.1). Positive apical margin was a significant risk factor for BCR in high-risk disease (P = .003, HR 2.0, 95 % CI 1.2-3.3), but not in intermediate-risk disease (P = .06, HR 1.7, 95 % CI 0.9-3.1). Positive bladder neck margin was a significant risk factor for BCR in both intermediate- and high-risk disease (P < .001, HR 5.4, 95 % CI 2.1-13.8; P = .001, HR 4.5, 95 % CI 1.8-11.4). In subgroup analyses, robotic RP provided comparable BCR-free survival regardless of risk stratification. Patients with PSMs showed similar BCR-free survival between open and robotic RP (log-rank, P = .897). CONCLUSIONS: Post-RP PSMs were a significantly independent predictor of disease progression in high-risk disease as well as intermediate-risk disease. Both positive apical and bladder neck margins are also significant risk factors of BCR in high-risk disease. Patients with PSMs showed similar BCR-free survival between open and robotic surgery.

Influence of nutritional deficiency on prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognosis of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by nutritional status defined by body mass index (BMI), serum albumin and cholesterol. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study retrospectively enrolled 1437 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy (932) or partial nephrectomy (505) for RCC. We assigned nutritional status according to the presence of none or one nutritional risk factor (control group) and two or all three of the following nutritional risk factors (nutritional deficiency group). The nutritional factors and thresholds were preoperative albumin level (<3.5 g/dL), preoperative cholesterol level (<220 mg/dL), and preoperative BMI (<23 kg/m(2) ) RESULTS: The patients' mean (sd) age was 55.23 (12.41) years and BMI was 24.36 (3.17) kg/m(2) . The mean (sd) serum cholesterol level was 180.07 (38.24) mg/dL, and the albumin level was 4.2 (0.45) g/dL. In all, 141 (9.8%) patients had none of the nutritional deficiency criteria, 802 (55.8%) had one, 429 (29.9%) had two, and 65 (4.5%) had all three. Clinicopathological variables, i.e. female gender, high tumour stage, positive lymph node metastasis, positive distant metastasis, high nuclear grade and non-clear cell type histopathology were associated with the nutritional deficiency group. In multivariate Cox analysis, nutritional deficiency was an independent predictor for RCC recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.83, P = 0.020) and RCC-related mortality (HR 2.06, 95% CI 1.39-3.03, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Nutritional deficiency defined by BMI, serum albumin and cholesterol is an important factor that predicts postoperative prognosis of patients with RCC who have undergone radical or partial nephrectomy.

Korean Society of Endourology and Robotics (KSER) recommendation on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of urolithiasis.

This article provides evidence-based recommendations and expert opinions to aid urologists in making optimal decisions regarding managing urolithiasis in various clinical scenarios. The most frequently asked questions by urologists in their clinical practice have been collected and answered in the form of FAQs; based on the latest evidence and expert opinions. The natural history of urolithiasis is divided into active treatment and silent phases, with the active treatment stage divided into typical and special situations and peri-treatment management. The authors address 28 key questions, offering practical guidance for the proper diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of urolithiasis in clinical practice. This article is expected to be served as a valuable resource for urologists.

Ultra-Mini Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (UMP) with Strict Lower Irrigation Pressure Control: Correlation with Post Operative Febrile Urinary Tract Infection Rate.

BACKGROUND: Ultra-mini PCNL (UMP) is a device that removes stones by using 7.5 Fr. nephroscope and 11/12 Fr. working sheath. The stone free rate (SFR) does not lag behind the convetional PCNL, but due to the diameter of the small device, UMP has many disadvantages; Irrigation pressure increases easily during surgery and post operative febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) is relative common. The purpose of this study is to present the surgical results of UMP with strict irrigation pressure control using a pressure control irrigator. METHODS: 70 consecutive patients who underwent UMP surgery for kidney stones were enrolled retrospectively. All surgeries proceeded with the shoulder rotated supine position. Of these, initial 35 patients underwent surgery using 100 mmHg irrigation power previously and later 35 patients underwent surgery below 40 mmHg irrigation power. RESULTS: The stone size of the UMP 100 mmHg group was 2.52 ± 1.05 and that of the UMP 40 mmHg group was 2.79 ± 1.32 respectively. Operative time was also slightly shorter in the UMP 40 mmHg group, but there was no statistical difference between the two groups. There was no statistical difference in stone free rate, but UMP 100 mmHg group showed 37.1% of post operative febrile urinary tract infection rate and 11.4 % in UMP 40 mmHg group and they are significantly different (p = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS: Strict irrigation pressure control below 40 mm during UMP can reduce post operative febrile UTI without affecting SFR.

Giant Zeeman splitting in nucleation-controlled doped CdSe:Mn2+ quantum nanoribbons.

Doping of semiconductor nanocrystals by transition-metal ions has attracted tremendous attention owing to their nanoscale spintronic applications. Such doping is, however, difficult to achieve in low-dimensional strongly quantum confined nanostructures by conventional growth procedures. Here we demonstrate that the incorporation of manganese ions up to 10% into CdSe quantum nanoribbons can be readily achieved by a nucleation-controlled doping process. The cation-exchange reaction of (CdSe)(13) clusters with Mn(2+) ions governs the Mn(2+) incorporation during the nucleation stage. This highly efficient Mn(2+) doping of the CdSe quantum nanoribbons results in giant exciton Zeeman splitting with an effective g-factor of approximately 600, the largest value seen so far in diluted magnetic semiconductor nanocrystals. Furthermore, the sign of the s-d exchange is inverted to negative owing to the exceptionally strong quantum confinement in our nanoribbons. The nucleation-controlled doping strategy demonstrated here thus opens the possibility of doping various strongly quantum confined nanocrystals for diverse applications.

Realization of giant magnetoelectricity in helimagnets.

We show that low field magnetoelectric (ME) properties of helimagnets Ba0.5Sr1.5Zn2(Fe1-xAlx)12O22 can be efficiently tailored by the Al-substitution level. As x increases, the critical magnetic field for switching electric polarization is systematically reduced from approximately 1 T down to approximately 1 mT, and the ME susceptibility is greatly enhanced to reach a giant value of 2.0x10{4} ps/m at an optimum x=0.08. We find that control of the nontrivial orbital moment in the octahedral Fe sites through the Al substitution is crucial for fine-tuning the magnetic anisotropy and obtaining the conspicuously improved ME characteristics.

Comparison of Clinical Outcomes between Hyaluronic and Polylactic Acid Filler Injections for Penile Augmentation in Men Reporting a Small Penis: A Multicenter, Patient-Blinded/Evaluator-Blinded, Non-Inferiority, Randomized Comparative Trial with 18 Months of Follow-up.

Although several types of penile augmentation (PA) fillers have been recently introduced, no long-term follow-up studies have compared them. This study aimed to compare the long-term clinical outcomes of hyaluronic acid (HA) and polylactic acid (PLA) filler injections for PA. Our multicenter, patient-blinded/evaluator-blinded, randomized comparative trial was performed for 18 months after the single injection of fillers. Sixty-seven healthy men reporting a small penis were administered an injection between November 2016 and May 2017. Subjects were divided into the HA group (n = 33) and PLA group (n = 34). At 18 months, the mean penile girths had significantly increased in both groups (each p < 0.001). Changes in the mean penile girth of both groups were not significantly different during the study period. Satisfaction levels at 18 months were significantly higher than those at baseline in both groups (each p < 0.01). Changes in satisfaction levels did not differ significantly during the study period. Injection-associated adverse events (AEs) occurred in three (9.1%) patients in the HA group and in two (5.9%) patients in the PLA group; no serious AEs occurred. In conclusion, HA and PLA filler injections for PA led to significant augmentation and increased satisfaction. Clinical efficacy and safety were comparable between groups.

Functional Evaluation of Upper Urinary Tract with Diuretic Mercaptoacetyltriglycine Renal Scans in Patients with Benign Prostatic Obstruction before and after Surgical Intervention: A Pilot Study.

INTRODUCTION: We investigated which benign prostatic hyperplasia-related lower urinary parameters are related to upper urinary tract obstruction and whether transurethral prostatectomy could improve upper urinary tract obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with prostate size over 30 g and urodynamically proven bladder outlet obstruction were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Bladder wall thickness and prostate size were measured by ultrasonography. A urodynamic study with laboratory tests including serum creatinine, prostate-specific antigen, and urinalysis was performed. Finally, a diuretic scintigraphy using mercaptoacetyltriglycine was performed. Tests except the urodynamic evaluation were repeated after transurethral prostatectomy. RESULTS: In total, 24 patients were enrolled, and 19 patients completed the present study. The mean values of age (yrs), prostate size (mL), bladder thickness (mm), bladder compliance (ΔmL/Δpr), and the bladder outlet obstruction index were 68.42 ± 8.25, 72.29 ± 32.78, 4.42 ± 1.14, 50.17 ± 32.15, and 82.11 ± 34.68, respectively. The mean T1/2 (min) was 17.51 ± 16.34 on the left side and 15.30 ± 11.96 on the right side. Statistical analysis showed that bladder compliance and bladder thickness were preoperatively related to upper urinary tract obstruction (p = 0.001 and p = 0.007, respectively). Diuretic mercaptoacetyltriglycine scan in 19 patients showed improvement 6 months after prostate surgery. Clinically significant proteinuria was associated with upper urinary tract obstruction, and proteinuria was also improved after prostate surgery. CONCLUSION: Storage-phase bladder dysfunction could be a reliable urodynamic factor for the indication of upper urinary tract obstruction in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, and upper urinary tract obstruction with subsequent kidney damage could be improved by surgical decompression of benign prostatic obstruction.