RESUMO
Neuro-oncological patients experience high symptom and psychosocial burden. The aim was to test feasibility and practicability of the Supportive Care Needs Survey Short Form (SCNS-SF34-G) and the SCNS-Screening Tool (SCNS-ST9) to assess supportive care needs of neuro-oncological patients in clinical routine. A total of 173 patients, most with a primary diagnosis of high-grade glioma (81%), were assessed first using SCNS-SF34-G in comparison to two well-established patient-reported outcome measures, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQC30 + QLQ-BN20) and Distress Thermometer (DT). In a follow-up assessment, SCNS-ST9 was used in a subgroup (n = 90). Questionnaires were completed either with personal guidance offered (group A) or by patients alone (group B). Feasibility was compared between instruments and groups for possible associations with patient and treatment-related factors. Missing values occurred in similar frequencies in all instruments. Errors in completion occurred in SCNS-SF34-G in 20% and in SCNS-ST9 in 16%; difficulties in completion were observed more often in SCNS-SF34-G and SCNS-ST9 (39%) compared to DT and EORTC (13%, p < .001). Distress was found to be associated with difficulties in completion of SCNS (OR 1.4, [95% CI 1.1-1.9], p = .013). SCNS-SF34 and SCNS-ST9 are suitable tools for glioma patients as long as personal guidance is offered.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/psicologia , Glioma/psicologia , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde/métodos , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Avaliação das Necessidades , Apoio Social , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde/normas , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicometria , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We have developed a modified electrochromatography system which minimizes Joule heating at electric field strengths up to 125 V/cm. A non-linear equilibrium model is described which incorporates electrophoretic mobility, hydrodynamic flow velocity, and an electrically induced concentration polarization at the surface of the stationary phase. This model is able to provide useful estimates of protein retention time and velocity in a column packed with Sephadex gel and subjected to an electric field. A correlation of electrophoretic mobility of peptide and proteins with respect to their charge, molecular mass, and asymmetry enables the selection of solute target molecules for electrochromatographic separations. Good separation of protein mixtures have been obtained.
Assuntos
Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Eletroforese/métodos , Lactoglobulinas/isolamento & purificação , Mioglobina/isolamento & purificação , Ovalbumina/isolamento & purificação , Convecção , Lactoglobulinas/química , Mioglobina/química , Ovalbumina/química , TemperaturaRESUMO
Insulin is a well-characterized peptide that can be produced by recombinant DNA technology for human therapeutic use. A brief overview of insulin production from both traditional mammalian pancreatic extraction and recombinant bacterial and yeast systems is presented, and detection techniques, including electrophoresis, are reviewed. Analytical systems for insulin separation are principally based on reversed-phase chromatography, which resolves the deamidation product(s) (desamido insulin) of insulin, proinsulin, and insulin. Process-scale separation is a multistep process and includes ion exchange, reversed-phase, and size exclusion chromatography. Advantages and/or disadvantages of various separation approaches, as described by the numerous literature references on insulin purification, are presented.
Assuntos
Insulina/isolamento & purificação , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Biotecnologia , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Humanos , Insulina/biossíntese , Insulina/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Proteínas Recombinantes/biossíntese , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/isolamento & purificação , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Especificidade da Espécie , SuínosRESUMO
NASA: Two approaches for biomass processing in Controlled Ecological Life Support Systems are compared in a literature survey. The approaches are based on (1) total oxidation of plant matter and (2) the potential of bioregenerative recovery.^ieng
Assuntos
Biomassa , Sistemas Ecológicos Fechados , Plantas/metabolismo , Voo Espacial/instrumentação , Gerenciamento de Resíduos , Ausência de Peso , Reatores Biológicos , Fermentação , Hidrólise , Sistemas de Manutenção da Vida/instrumentação , Modelos Teóricos , Desenvolvimento VegetalRESUMO
Cellulose in inedible plant materials, forestry residues, and municipal wastes must be pretreated to disrupt its physical structure, thereby making its hydrolysis to glucose practical. Developments since 1991 are summarized.
Assuntos
Celulose/química , Lignina/química , Ácidos Sulfúricos/farmacologia , Gerenciamento de Resíduos , Ácidos/farmacologia , Amônia/farmacologia , Temperatura Alta , Hidrólise , Solventes/farmacologia , ÁguaRESUMO
Harvest indices, which are measures of the ratio of edible to total plant weight, are redefined to include edible sugars derived from enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulose content of inedible plant components. Compositional analysis and carbohydrate contents of rapeseed, rice, soybeans, cowpea, wheat, sweet potato, white potato, and lettuce were analyzed to develop such generalized harvest indices. Cellulose conversion is shown to extend considerably the food available from plants otherwise grown for their oil and protein content in a bioregenerative life support system.
Assuntos
Biomassa , Carboidratos/análise , Produtos Agrícolas/química , Sistemas Ecológicos Fechados , Sistemas de Manutenção da Vida , Celulose/análise , Celulose/metabolismo , Produtos Agrícolas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Produtos Agrícolas/metabolismo , Hidrólise , Voo EspacialRESUMO
A large amount of inedible plant material composed primarily of the carbohydrate materials cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin is generated as a result of plant growth in a Controlled Ecological Life-Support System (CELSS). Cellulose is a linear homopolymer of glucose, which when properly processed will yield glucose, a valuable sugar because it can be added directly to human diets. Hemicellulose is a heteropolymer of hexoses and pentoses that can be treated to give a sugar mixture that is potentially a valuable fermentable carbon source. Such fermentations yield desirable supplements to the edible products from hydroponically-grown plants such as rapeseed, soybean, cowpea, or rice. Lignin is a three-dimensionally branched aromatic polymer, composed of phenyl propane units, which is susceptible to bioconversion through the growth of the white rot fungus, Pluerotus ostreatus. Processing conditions, that include both a hot water pretreatment and fungal growth and that lead to the facile conversion of plant polysaccharides to glucose, are presented.
Assuntos
Celulose/química , Sistemas Ecológicos Fechados , Glucose/síntese química , Lignina/química , Caules de Planta/química , Gerenciamento de Resíduos/métodos , Biodegradação Ambiental , Biomassa , Celulase , Celulose/metabolismo , Fungos , Hidrólise , Sistemas de Manutenção da Vida , Lignina/metabolismo , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/metabolismo , ÁguaRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to investigate possible pleiotropic effects of the genotypes controlling the palomino and albino coloration on blood phagocyte and lymphocyte activity. The results showed that the wild coloured trout has a higher metabolic and potential killing activity of blood phagocytes, compared to albino and palomino coloured trout. The proliferative response of blood lymphocytes stimulated by ConA or LPS indicated a similar pattern. The results showed that lymphocyte proliferation was statistically significantly higher in wild coloured trout, compared to albino and palomino trout.
Assuntos
Oncorhynchus mykiss/imunologia , Pigmentação/imunologia , Animais , Cor , Concanavalina A/farmacologia , Genótipo , Imunidade Celular , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Linfócitos/imunologia , Oncorhynchus mykiss/genética , Fagocitose/genética , Fagocitose/imunologia , Fenótipo , Pigmentação/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Bipolar disorder (BD) is intricately associated with chronic clinical conditions. Medical comorbidity is not only more prevalent in mood disorders, but is associated with increased costs, cognitive impairment and, ultimately, premature mortality. Oxidative stress and inflammation may mediate part of this association. To further investigate the association between medical comorbidity status and clinical improvement with adjuvant N acetyl cysteine (NAC) in the context of a placebo-controlled trial. METHODS: Placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial assessing the effect of NAC over 24 weeks. Symptomatic and functional outcomes were collected over the study period. Medical comorbidities were self-reported, and we took special interest in cardiovascular and endocrine conditions. We evaluated change from baseline to endpoint and the interaction between change and reported medical comorbidities. RESULTS: Fifty-one percent of patients reported have a cardiovascular or endocrine comorbidity. Although not found for depressive symptoms or quality of life, a significant interaction between medical comorbidity and change scores was consistently found for all functional outcomes. This indicated an advantage of NAC over placebo in those with a clinical comorbidity. CONCLUSION: Systemic illness moderated only the effect of NAC on functioning, not on depression. Demonstrating an improvement in functional outcomes with an agent that modulates redox and inflammatory pathways, this study lends empirical support to the idea that medical and psychiatric comorbidity are additive in contributing to allostatic states. One intriguing possibility is that comorbid clinical illness could be a marker for more severe oxidative stress states--and thus guide antioxidant use--in BD.
Assuntos
Acetilcisteína/uso terapêutico , Transtorno Bipolar/tratamento farmacológico , Transtorno Bipolar/epidemiologia , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/uso terapêutico , Acetilcisteína/metabolismo , Acetilcisteína/farmacologia , Adulto , Transtorno Bipolar/metabolismo , Doenças Cardiovasculares/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Método Duplo-Cego , Doenças do Sistema Endócrino/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Sistema Endócrino/epidemiologia , Doenças do Sistema Endócrino/metabolismo , Feminino , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Humanos , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/epidemiologia , Inflamação/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The evidence base for the pharmacological treatment of bipolar II disorder is limited. In bipolar disorder, there is evidence for glutathione depletion and increased oxidative stress, as well as dysregulation of glutamate; N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) has effects on both of these systems. Add-on NAC has been shown to have a significant benefit on depressive symptoms in a randomized placebo-controlled trial. In this report, we explore the effects of this compound in a subset of patients with bipolar II disorder from that trial. METHODS: Individuals were randomized to NAC or placebo in addition to treatment as usual, in a double-blind fashion. Mood and functional outcomes were assessed up to 24 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: Fourteen individuals were available for this report, seven in each group. Six people achieved full remission of both depressive and manic symptoms in the NAC group; this was true for only two people in the placebo group (χ(2)=4.67, p=0.031). LIMITATIONS: Subgroup analyses in a small subsample of patients. Not all participants had elevated depression scores at baseline. CONCLUSION: Notwithstanding all the limitations that subgroup analysis of trials carry, this data could serve as a hypothesis-generating stimulus for further clinical trials of pharmacologic treatment for bipolar II depression.
Assuntos
Acetilcisteína/uso terapêutico , Transtorno Bipolar/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Acetilcisteína , Transtorno Depressivo/tratamento farmacológico , Audição/efeitos dos fármacos , Zumbido/tratamento farmacológico , Acetilcisteína/administração & dosagem , Acetilcisteína/farmacocinética , Transtorno Depressivo/complicações , Reposicionamento de Medicamentos , Feminino , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/administração & dosagem , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacocinética , Glutationa/metabolismo , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Zumbido/complicações , Zumbido/metabolismo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
In common carp, a freshwater fish species of tetraploid origin, GPI enzymes are present in two variants: GPI-A and GPI-B. GPI-A is coded by two loci segregating for two (GPI-A 1*) and six (GPI-A2*) alleles. Experimental crosses of the ornamental (Koi) variety of common carp revealed that GPI-B is coded by only one locus (GPI-B*). Another GPI-B* locus must have been silenced in the process of functional diploidization. It was also shown that the GPI-A2* locus segregated independently from the GPI-B* locus, demonstrating that the loci are located on different chromosomes.
Assuntos
Carpas/genética , Glucose-6-Fosfato Isomerase/genética , Isoenzimas/genética , Alelos , Animais , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Bandeamento Cromossômico , Segregação de Cromossomos , Ligação Genética , Músculo Esquelético/enzimologia , FenótipoRESUMO
Pseudomonas fluorescens strain M3/6 was inoculated into reconstituted NDM and incubated at 7 degrees C for 46 d. A significant amount of extracellular protease was produced, mainly during the latter part of the culture's life cycle. The protease was purified using ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. The isolated protease had activity on azocasein, alpha-, beta-, and kappa-caseins and a plasmin substrate but did not have plasminogen activator activity. The protease had a molecular weight of 45 kDa, an isoelectric point of pH 8.25, a broad temperature and pH range for activity, and was less heat stable in the isolated form than in the cell-free extract.
Assuntos
Endopeptidases/isolamento & purificação , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Leite/microbiologia , Pseudomonas fluorescens/enzimologia , Animais , Caseínas/metabolismo , Fracionamento Químico , Cromatografia em Gel , Cromatografia por Troca Iônica , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Endopeptidases/química , Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Peso Molecular , Plasminogênio/metabolismo , Inibidores de Proteases/farmacologia , Pseudomonas fluorescens/crescimento & desenvolvimento , TemperaturaRESUMO
Six milk-derived psychrotrophic microbial cultures were screened for the ability to grow at refrigerated temperatures and produce proteases in reconstituted skim milk. Of these, two cultures, Pseudomonas fluorescens M3/6 and Pseudomonas fragi K122, produced extracellular protease(s) beginning 7 d postinoculation when the cultures had entered late log or early stationary phases of growth. Further work with these two cultures showed that intracellular proteases were present after only 20-h incubation, before detection of the extracellular proteases. Using H-D-valyl-L-leucyl-L-lysyl-4-nitroanilide (S-2251), a sensitive substrate for plasmin activity, P. fluorescens was shown to have greater intracellular proteolytic activity than extracellular activity at 20 h of incubation. The intracellular enzyme activity remained constant while the extracellular and periplasmic activities increased over the remaining 6-d incubation period. The proteases in crude extracellular extracts from both cultures were characterized and were heat stable with broad temperature (7 to 52 degrees C) and pH (pH 5.5 to 8.5) ranges for activity and were inhibited by the metal chelator, EDTA, indicating that they were metalloproteases.
Assuntos
Endopeptidases/biossíntese , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Leite/microbiologia , Pseudomonas fluorescens/enzimologia , Pseudomonas/enzimologia , Animais , Temperatura Baixa , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Ácido Edético/farmacologia , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Pseudomonas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Pseudomonas fluorescens/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Inibidores de Serina Proteinase/farmacologiaRESUMO
Sixty-four samples from 46 salmon populations totalling 2369 specimens were used for polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the mitochondrial ND1 region. The final analyses included 3095 specimens from 60 populations in Northern Europe. A subsample was analysed by RFLP of ND3/4/5/6. Representative RFLP haplotypes from different parts of the distribution area were sequenced and the phylogeny of European haplotypes and their relations to the North American lineage was described. The four common European haplotypes derive from the ancestral ND1-BBBA (rooting the European clade to the North American) by one-step substitutions: AAAA < AABA < BBBA > BBBB. The Swedish west-coast populations differ from the geographically close southern Baltic, indicating absence of inward and limited outward gene flow through the Danish straits during the last 8000 years. Within the Baltic Sea, only three ND1 haplotypes were detected and there was no variation for ND3/4/5/6. In the whole southern Baltic and in lakes Vänern, Ladoga and Onega the haplotype AABA dominated. Proposed postglacial colonization routes to the Baltic Sea are discussed in relation to the haplotype distribution pattern.