Bcii--RFLP profiles for serum amiloid A1 and mutated MEFV gene prevalence in chronic renal failure patients requiring long-term hemodialysis.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: There is an increased mortality risk in long-term hemodialysis patients of renal failure due to the chronic inflammation. The relationship between the chronic renal failure (CRF) and the role of familial genetic markers remains incompletely understood. In the current study, it was aimed to find out the prevalence of common MEFV gene mutations and BcII polymorphism in serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) gene in chronic renal patients (CRF) who require long-term hemodialysis. METHOD: Current cohort includes 242 CRF patients and 245 healthy individuals from the same population. Total genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood-EDTA samples and genotyping of target MEFV gene was carried out by reverse hybridization Strip Assay and real-time techniques. The SAA1 gene was genotyped by the BclI-RFLP method. RESULTS: Increased mutated MEFV genotypes were found in current CRF patients when compared with the control group from the same ethnicity and the difference was statistically significant (Table 2) (OR: 4.9401, 95% CI: 3.0694-7.9509), p<0.0001. The most frequent point mutations were M694V and E148Q. The mutated T allel frequency in the SAA1 gene was also different when compared with the healthy controls and the difference was found to be statistically significant (χ2: 13.18; p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS: The current results indicate the germ-line mutations in both genetic biomarkers (MEFV and SAA1 genes) that are related to inflammation and amyloidosis processes may play a crucial role in CRF pathogenesis due to the long-term chronic inflammation.

Antitumoral effects of Allium sivasicum on breast cancer in vitro and in vivo.

This work aims to investigate the antiproliferative properties of Allium sivasicum (AS) on breast cancer. AS extracts were studied for cytotoxicity against the breast cancer cell lines. In vitro apoptosis studies of breast cancer cells were performed by annexin V staining in flow cytometry analyses. AS showed cytotoxicity to three cancer cell lines. Annexin-positive cells level in AS treated cell lines were higher than the untreated control cells. The expressions of caspase-7 protein and TUNEL positive cells were much higher for the rats treated by AS, compared with the untreated control group. The expressions of the Ki-67 decreased in treatment groups compared with the control group. In vivo studies showed that mean tumor volume inhibition ratio in AS treated group was 38 % compared with the untreated rats. These results indicate that A. sivasicum has antitumoral potential against breast cancer.

Prevalence of known mutations in the MEFV gene in a population screening with high rate of carriers.

The Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) shows an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance and affects certain ethnic groups. Disease is caused by mutations in MEFV gene and more than 180 mutations have been defined in affected individuals. Current study aimed to determine the frequency-type of the mutations for MEFV gene in Sivas-middle Anatolian city. The cohort was composed of 3340 patients. MEFV gene mutations were studied by multiplex PCR based reverse hybridization stripAssay method. Patients' clinical features were; family history: 68%, erysipelas-like erythema: 17.6%, fever: 89.9%, abdominal pain: 84.2%, peritonitis: 90.2%, arthritis: 33%, pleuritis: 14.2%, parental consanguinity: 21.2%. Current results revealed that M694V is the most frequent mutation (43.12%), followed by E148Q (20.18), M680I(G/C) (15.00%) and V726A (11.32%). The study population has a high rate of carriers and the E148Q mutation frequency was found to be highest when compared to the other regions of Turkey and other Mediterranean groups.

Chemopreventive effects of hydatid disease on experimental breast cancer.

Breast cancer is one of the most common and letal cancers in all over the world. Since there have been significant improvements in treatment of breast cancer, there is still a big need for alternative approaches. In this study, we aimed to investigate protective role of hydatid disease against breast cancer. Twenty Wistar rats were divided into two groups of 10 rats each Group I (control) and Group II. In Group II intraperitoneal hydatidosis was performed. Then DMBA was applied to mammary tissues of all rats. Immunohistochemistry studies for Ki-67 and S-100 in the tumoral tissue sections of DMBA induced mammary tumor in rats were performed. TUNEL Assay was used to detect apoptotic cells of tumoral tissue. In vivo anticancer activity testing was carried out by preventing the tumorigenesis by DMBA in mammary tissue of rats. The expressions of the Ki-67 and S-100 protein decreased in rats who had Hydatid Disease (HD) (Group II), compared with the control rats (Group I). TUNEL positive cells were higher in rats with HD (Group II), compared with the control rats (Group I). In vivo studies showed that HD prevented the tumorigenesis by DMBA in mammary tissue of rats with 50 percent.In the light of the evidence the present study showed that HD may have chemopreventive effects on DMBA induced breast cancer.

Prevelance of common YMDD motif mutations in long term treated chronic HBV infections in a Turkish population.

In the current study we aimed to show the common YMDD motif mutations in viral polymerase gene in chronic hepatitis B patients during lamivudine and adefovir therapy. Forty-one serum samples obtained from chronic hepatitis B patients (24 male, 17 female; age range: 34-68 years) were included in the study. HBV-DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of the patients using an extraction kit (Invisorb, Instant Spin DNA/ RNA Virus Mini Kit, Germany). A line probe assay and direct sequencing analyses (INNO-LIPA HBV DR v2; INNOGENETICS N.V, Ghent, Belgium) were applied to determine target mutations of the viral polymerase gene in positive HBV-DNA samples. A total of 41 mutations located in 21 different codons were detected in the current results. In 17 (41.5%) patients various point mutations were detected leading to lamivudin, adefovir and/ or combined drug resistance. Wild polymerase gene profiles were detected in 24 (58.5%) HBV positive patients of the current cohort. Eight of the 17 samples (19.5%) having rtM204V/I/A missense transition and/or transversion point mutations and resistance to lamivudin. Six of the the mutated samples (14.6%) having rtL180M missense transversion mutation and resistance to combined adefovir and lamivudin. Three of the mutated samples (7.5%) having rtG215H by the double base substituation and resistance to adefovir. Three of the mutated samples (7.5%) having codon rtL181W due to the missense transversion point mutations and showed resistance to combined adefovir and lamivudin. Unreported novel point mutations were detected in the different codons of polymerase gene region in the current HBV positive cohort fromTurkish population. The current results provide evidence that rtL180M and rtM204V/I/A mutations of HBV-DNA may be associated with a poor antiviral response and HBV chronicity during conventional therapy in Turkish patients.

Alterations in promoter methylation status of tumor suppressor HIC1, SFRP2, and DAPK1 genes in prostate carcinomas.

Hypermethylated genomic DNA is a common feature in tumoral tissues, although the prevalence of this modification remains poorly understood. We aimed to determine the frequency of five tumor suppressor (TS) genes in prostate cancer and the correlation between promoter hypermethylation of these genes and low and high grade of prostate carcinomas. A total of 30 prostate tumor specimens were investigated for promoter methylation status of TS hypermethylated in cancer 1 (HIC1), death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1), secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16), and O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) genes by using bisulfite modifying method. A high frequency of promoter hypermethylation was found in HIC1 (70.9%), SFRP2 (58.3%), and DAPK1 (33.3%) genes in tumor samples that were examined. The current data show high frequency of hypermethylation changes in HIC1, SFRP2, and DAPK1 genes in prostate carcinomas of high Gleason Score (GS).

Recurrent pregnancy loss and its relation to combined parental thrombophilic gene mutations.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a heterogeneous disorder that has been associated with antiphospholipid syndrome and other prothrombotic parameters. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of 12 thrombophilic gene mutations in RPL couples in the current results. METHOD: In a total of 543 Turkish women with RPL and 327 of their male partners (870 individuals with RPL), and a control group of 106 fertile couples (control) were analyzed for factor V leiden (FVL), factor V H1299R, factor II prothrombin G20210A, FXIII V34L, ß-fibrinogen -455G>A, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), GPIIIa L33P (HPA-1 a/b L33P), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T, MTHFR A1298C, ACE I/D, Apo B R3500Q, and Apo E genes. RESULTS: The overall, heterozygous and/or homozygous point mutations in FVL-FVR2, ApoE2, PAI-1, MTHFR C677T-A1298C, and ACE genes were associated with RPL. There was no meaningful association between RPL and other studied genes. CONCLUSION: The homozygosity of 4G in PAI-1 and MTHFR C677T genes in women with RPL, and heterozygosity of FVL, FVR2, ACE, and ApoE2 genes in both parents play crucial role in RPL and should be considered as a risk factor in RPL. Current results showed that RPL is related to combined parental (not only maternal) thrombophilic gene mutations.

CCR2 polymorphism in chronic renal failure patients requiring long-term hemodialysis.

OBJECTIVE: A number of chemokines and chemokine receptors are produced by intrinsic renal cells as well as by infiltrating cells during renal inflammation. The CCR2 chemokine receptor mediates leukocyte chemoattraction in the initiation and amplification phase of renal inflammation. The polymorphism, CCR2-V64I, changes valine 64 of CCR2 to isoleucine. We aimed to determine the frequency of CCR2-V64I polymorphism in patients with chronic renal failure requiring long-term hemodialysis. METHODS AND PATIENTS: The PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique was used to assess the gene frequencies of CCR2-641 in CRF patients (n=210) and healthy controls (n=139) in the current study. RESULTS: The frequencies of the CCR2 genotype were 0.68 for V/V, 0.28 for V/I, and 0.4 for I/I in the CRF patients and 0.81 for V/V, 018 for V/I and 0.1 for I/I in healthy controls. The distribution of the CCR2-V64I mutant genotype was significantly different between subjects with CRF and healthy control subjects (X2=7.197 and p=0.027). CONCLUSION: We found that the CCR2-V64I polymorphism was significantly high in CRF patients. In addition to the contribution to disease pathogenesis, it was recently found that chemokines have therapeutic importance in chronic renal failure. The frequency of CCR2-V64I and other chemokine and chemokine receptor polymorphisms in renal pathologies must be further investigated in larger study populations and in different renal diseases.

A frame-shift mutation in the SLC34A2 gene in three patients with pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis in an inbred family.

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare disease characterized by the presence of small calculi in the alveolar space. The SLC34A2 is thought to be responsible for the disease. We encountered three siblings of an inbred family who have PAM. We examined the family of the proband who was admitted with dyspnea on exertion and cough, and eventually was diagnosed with PAM. Genetic analysis revealed that both parents (a consanguineous marriage) of the proband were carriers with heterozygous mutation of SLC34A2 gene, and three of their children were diagnosed with PAM with homozygous mutation in the SLC34A2 gene. These findings suggest that impaired activity of the SLC34A2 gene may be responsible for familial PAM.

Epigenetic inactivation of tumor suppressor SFRP2 and point mutation in KRAS proto-oncogene in fistula-associated mucinous type anal adenocarcinoma: report of two cases.

The secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) genes are unmethylated in normal colorectal mucosa tissue but aberrant methylation profiles can be detected in colorectal cancer (CRC), adenomas, and in aberrant crypt foci. The aim of the current study was to clarify whether SFRP2 methylation and K-ras structural mutation in fecal DNA can be found in stool and tumoral tissues of individuals with fistula-associated mucinous type anal adenocarcinomas (MTAA).Two man patients (68 and 56 years old) were treated for anorectal fistula in the surgical department. Patients were evaluated for clinical findings, tumoural tissue samples were examined histopathologically and DNA from fecal and tumoral tissue samples were isolated. K-ras mutation and promoter hypermethylation of SFRP2 gene in tumoral tissues were assessed by methylation-specific PCR based stripAssay hybridisation technique (Me-PCR) and compared to the healthy controls. Fecal and tumoural tissue samples from both patients were found to be fully hypermethylated profiles for SFRP2 gene and combined point mutations were detected in codon 12 and 13 of K-ras proto-oncogene. The current results showed that the combined effects of somatic mutations in K-ras and epigenetic alterations in SFRP2 genes may play an active role in the development of mucinous type anal adenocarcinoma.

Tumoral tissue specific promoter hypermethylation of distinct tumor suppressor genes in a case with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma: a case report.

OBJECTIVE: Non-small cell lung carcinoma is an aggressive phenomenon and the epigenetical alterations of some tumor supressor genes have been reported for the different tumor types. CASE PRESENTATION: It is presented a case report concerning a 43 years old male with NSCLC on the lower segment of the right lung. The patient underwent a diag-nostic excisional thin-needle biopsy and after the histological confirmation. We examined the promoter methylation status of some distinct tumor supressor genes in tumoral and blood tissues of the case after sodium bisulfite conversion and DNA amplification with methylation specific multiplex PCR technique. Both tissues were also searched for G to A transitions in codons 12 and 13 of the K-ras proto-oncogene. RESULTS: Tumor specimen showed fully methyl pattern profiles for the SFRP2, p16, DAPK1 and partially hyper-methylated profile for the p53 and MGMT genes in this case with non-small lung carci-noma. Blood speicemen showed normal hypomethylated profiles for all studied TS genes. The K-ras proto-oncogene was in normal structure both in blood and tumoral spiecemens that examined. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that genes exhibit tumor suppressor activi-ties in blood, but exhibit epigenetic inactivation in carcinoma cell. These findings strongly support the hypothesis that epigenetic mechanisms may play an important role in the non-small cell lung carcinogenesis in human.