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1.
Int Q Community Health Educ ; 41(2): 173-187, 2021 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32276558

RESUMO

The purpose of this quasi-experimental, phenomenological study was to use embodied cognition in understanding learning experiences in skill development and performativity (e.g., storytelling and emotional expression) among 17 beginners in aerial practice (Mage = 20.59 ± 1.37 years old). Eight people were in the treatment-group class (skill development and performativity) and nine individuals participated in the control-group class (only skill development). Four themes emerged from the analysis: linking other exercises to aerial (e.g., cheerleading, dancing, and gymnastics) and uniqueness of aerial (e.g., artistic aspect while in the air); success in meeting aerial goals (at the posttest, performativity was valued more in the treatment group than the control group); exercise changes due to aerial, such as enhanced upper-body strengthening activities and stretches; and lessons learned, including importance of conditioning and small class size, switching Teaching Assistants (TAs), and silk awareness. Practitioners in community-based movement education programs like dancing and physical theater should recognize the need for embodied knowledge by emphasizing not only skill development but also performativity for enhanced learning experiences within supportive class settings. Although adding performative qualities to skill learning is more challenging than skill development alone, it can lead to enhanced performance, joy, and meaning of movement.

2.
Int Q Community Health Educ ; 39(4): 199-207, 2019 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30744483

RESUMO

The purpose of this phronetic/pragmatic, mixed-methods study was to integrate quantitative data with qualitative data in examining the complex relations among depression, exercise, screen-viewing time, and life plans among 14 socioeconomically disadvantaged African American young adults. Based on the thematic analysis, the two emerging themes were as follows: life priorities (passing the General Educational Development [GED] test, pursuing profession/career, and being dedicated to church/ministry) and challenges in passing GED examination (e.g., difficulties with the GED test, high stress and low confidence, low interest in studying, health issues, and feelings of rejection/isolation). Based on cross tabulation, depression was highly associated with aerobic exercise and screen-viewing time (Cramer's V = .44 and .42, respectively). Participants' life challenges diminished the antidepressant effect of exercise and were linked to depression and excessive screen use. Two active men and a somewhat active woman experienced educational or health-related struggles, heavy screen watching, and severe depression. All three active men experienced educational challenges and severe depression. Two inactive participants reported limited screen use and limited depression, possibly because of their valued life goals (e.g., writing poetry and spiritually helping others). Contrary to the dominant cultural stereotype about African Americans being lazy, the study results show that the participants had highly similar career goals to the majority population yet faced many, significant structural barriers that interfered with their progress and thus sapped their motivation in achieving their life plans. Policy change is needed to reduce social structural barriers and racial systems of oppression in order to decrease poverty and depression.


Assuntos
Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Depressão/psicologia , Populações Vulneráveis/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Negro ou Afro-Americano/estatística & dados numéricos , Escolha da Profissão , Teste de Admissão Acadêmica , Depressão/etnologia , Escolaridade , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Feminino , Objetivos , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tempo de Tela , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Sudeste dos Estados Unidos , Populações Vulneráveis/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto Jovem
3.
Behav Med ; 44(4): 306-313, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28862920

RESUMO

Among those with multiple sclerosis (MS), mobility impairment is common and significantly affects independent functioning and quality of life. The purpose of the study was to examine the role of physical activity in mobility impairment in individuals with MS and explore the social cognitive factors of social support, outcome expectations, and self-efficacy that facilitate physical activity among those with the disease. A sample of 319 individuals with MS were assessed on the following: family and friend social support, self-efficacy, and physical and social outcome expectations. Self-reported physical activity, perceived ambulation disability, balance confidence, and fall history were also measured. The structural model fit the data (χ2 (29) = 24.49, p = 0.70; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation < 0.01; Comparative Fit Index = 1.0; Normed Fit Index = 0.96; Goodness of Fit Index = 0.98; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.03). The primary findings of the study revealed that physical activity was strongly linked to mobility impairment (path coefficient, -0.43), such that increasing levels of physical activity were associated with less mobility impairment. The most important predictors of health-promoting levels of physical activity were self-efficacy (path coefficient, 0.48) and social support (path coefficient, 0.38), with support from friends being a stronger indicator of social support than support from family. It may be prudent to design interventions aimed at increasing physical activity, especially in regard to helping individuals become more efficacious and building larger social networks, as this may serve to forestall advancing mobility impairment in those with MS.


Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Limitação da Mobilidade , Motivação , Esclerose Múltipla/psicologia , Autoeficácia , Apoio Social , Feminino , Humanos , Análise de Classes Latentes , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Autorrelato
4.
J Aging Phys Act ; 25(3): 333-344, 2017 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27768514

RESUMO

Despite the exercise benefits, disparities among diverse older adults continue to exist, where African American women have the lowest percentage of any population group in meeting national recommended activity guidelines. Drawing on the philosophical tradition of phronesis (practical reasoning) introduced by Aristotle, we studied perceptions of the exercise value among 14 older African American women. Three themes included: (1) exercise goals (e.g., effort exerted), (2) exercise reasons (e.g., health benefits, enjoyment and convenience, and activity recommendation), and (3) inactivity reasons (e.g., health issues, lack of motivation, and family responsibilities/priorities). Although most women reported being active, only three participants met the Healthy People 2020 guidelines for aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities, while two individuals were inactive. Exercise promoters should consider the values that motivate older African American women to exercise, such as the provision of accessible, nondiscriminatory exercise facilities, and not to exercise, such as concerns about neighborhood safety, in designing programs.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Atitude Frente a Saúde/etnologia , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Motivação , Atividade Motora , Negro ou Afro-Americano , Idoso , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Envelhecimento/psicologia , Feminino , Grupos Focais , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Promoção da Saúde , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Percepção Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estados Unidos
5.
Ethn Health ; 21(2): 181-95, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26189713

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Given the benefits of physical activity and the high proportion of inactivity among older adults, the purpose was to elicit theory-based behavioral, normative, and control physical activity beliefs among 140 educationally and economically diverse older adults and compare their beliefs by race (Blacks vs. Whites) and physical activity levels (inactive/underactive vs. highly active individuals). DESIGN: This was an elicitation study that took place in eight, mostly rural community settings in a Southeastern US state, such as Council of Aging Offices, retirement centers, and churches. Participants' behavioral, normative, and control beliefs were elicited via in person interviews. A valid and reliable questionnaire was also used to assess their physical activity levels. RESULTS: According to the content analysis, inactive/underactive participants reported fewer physical activity advantages than highly active participants. Common physical activity advantages between the two groups were overall health, emotional functioning, and physical functioning. Similar physical activity advantages were reported among Blacks and Whites with overall health being the most important advantage. The most common physical activity disadvantages and barriers for all four groups were falls, injuries, pain, and health issues. Inactive/underactive individuals and Blacks tended to report more disadvantages and barriers than their peers. Common physical activity supporters were family members, friends and peers, and health-care professionals. CONCLUSION: In their physical activity motivational programs, health promoters should reinforce physical activity benefits, social support, access to activity programs, and safety when intervening among older adults.


Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde , População Negra/psicologia , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Nível de Saúde , Motivação , População Branca/psicologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cultura , Feminino , Promoção da Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Apoio Social , Sudeste dos Estados Unidos , Inquéritos e Questionários
6.
J Am Coll Health ; 70(4): 1040-1046, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32705960

RESUMO

ObjectiveThe purpose of this phronetic, qualitative study was to examine exercise facilitators and barriers among Native American freshmen in relation to life challenges during their transition from high school to college. Participants: Seven Native American freshmen college students (females = 2, males = 5) were recruited. Methods: A focus group and individual interviews on exercise values and life challenges were conducted. Results: Based on the thematic analysis, three themes emerged, including several sub-themes. Factors affecting transition to college (theme 1) included: a) being independent and responsible and b) supportive environment. Exercise barriers (theme 2) included: a) lack of time, b) exercise options and level of competition, and c) limited equipment and exercise partners. Exercise facilitators (theme 3) included: a) Native American traditional activities and b) social multi-cultural opportunities. Conclusion: Exercise promoters should take into consideration the Native American culture and networks for Native American freshmen.


Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Estudantes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Instituições Acadêmicas , Universidades , Indígena Americano ou Nativo do Alasca
7.
J Geriatr Phys Ther ; 33(4): 184-97, 2010.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21717922

RESUMO

CLINICAL PROBLEM: Falls are the leading cause of nonfatal injuries and injurious death among older adults; the aftermath of a fall stresses the health care system and places financial and psychological burdens on the patient and family. Because of this, fall prevention/risk reduction is a primary focus of numerous health care agendas. Over the last 2 decades, clinical research has provided clinicians with a variety of screening tools to quantify risk factors for falls. The majority of these measures focus on single domain intraindividual (eg, balance, strength, vision) or extraindividual (eg, home safety) falls risk factors. Some of these single domain instruments are easily introduced and administered by community lay leaders. When a more comprehensive assessment across multiple domains is required, the assessment cannot easily be administered by community program leaders. A physical therapist must determine which instrument, or combination of instruments, best targets risk of falling for a given older adult. PURPOSE: This integrative review of the literature will provide clinicians and researchers a concise examination of falls risks factors and a compendium of falls risk screening and assessment instruments. METHODS: Searchable databases, such as Medline and CINAHL were used to identify articles about strategies used for fall risk assessment. Information about measurement properties and characteristics were extracted and are presented in table format. CONCLUSION: Comparison of recently developed multidimensional and comprehensive screening algorithms for falls risk identification may aid in lowering the rates of false negatives associated with using very specific instruments that screen or assess in only 1 falls risk factor domain.


Assuntos
Acidentes por Quedas/prevenção & controle , Avaliação Geriátrica/métodos , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Acidentes por Quedas/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Marcha , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Equilíbrio Postural , Testes Psicológicos , Desempenho Psicomotor , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Medição de Risco , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estados Unidos
8.
Disabil Health J ; 12(1): 51-57, 2019 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30297230

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Adults with physical disabilities typically engage in low levels of physical activity (PA), thus a better understanding of how motivational factors and behavior vary over time and in relation to disability type and severity is needed. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: To examine temporal changes in theory of planned behavior (TPB) constructs and PA by disability type (multiple sclerosis vs. spinal cord injury) and severity (mild, moderate, and severe). METHODS: Participants were 77 adults with physical disabilities who completed a web-based survey that assessed the TPB constructs and PA participation. The survey was completed once every four months for a total of three time points. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs were used to examine if the TPB constructs and PA changed over time and in relation to disability type and severity. RESULTS: There was only one significant between-subjects effect for PA by disability severity, F (2, 68) = 5.94, p = .004, η2 = 15%. People with mild disabilities exhibited higher mean PA participation over the three time periods (M = 21.06 ±â€¯11.49 MET-hrs/day) than those with moderate disabilities (M = 11.27 ±â€¯9.3 MET-hrs/day) and severe disabilities (M = 13.43 ±â€¯14.74 MET-hrs/day). CONCLUSIONS: Although participants possessed positive PA motivational factors that remained stable over time, their PA participation was low and differed as a function of disability severity. Therefore, PA interventions should be tailored such that individuals with severe disabilities receive the greatest amount of exercise prescription consultations and supervision compared to those with more moderate and mild disabilities.


Assuntos
Pessoas com Deficiência , Exercício Físico , Motivação , Esclerose Múltipla , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Teoria Psicológica , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Inquéritos e Questionários
9.
Disabil Rehabil ; 29(15): 1221-7, 2007 Aug 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17653996

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to elicit the physical activity (PA) beliefs from adults with physical disabilities; and second, to examine their self-reported PA participation. METHOD: Participants were 223 adults (M age = 45.4 years, SD = 10.8), with self-reported physical disabilities who completed a web-based survey. Six open-ended questions were used to assess PA beliefs and the PA Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities measured self-reported PA. RESULTS: A qualitative analysis showed that the most accessible behavioural advantages are that PA improves emotional functioning and assists with weight management. The most accessible behavioural disadvantages are that PA causes pain or soreness and consumes time. The most accessible normative influences that approve of PA are family, friends, and healthcare professionals. The most accessible control beliefs obstructing PA are disability and associated symptoms, and a lack of access to adequate facilities, equipment, or programs. The most accessible control beliefs that facilitate PA are access to adequate facilities, equipment, or programs, and support or assistance. Finally, the average total PA score was 20.5 metabolic equivalent (METS)-hours/day (SD = 16.8). CONCLUSIONS: Adults with physical disabilities possess unique PA beliefs that can be used to design health promotion interventions to increase PA participation.


Assuntos
Atitude , Pessoas com Deficiência/psicologia , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Pessoas com Deficiência/reabilitação , Feminino , Promoção da Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Socioeconômicos
10.
Plant Methods ; 13: 111, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29238398

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The morphological analysis of olive leaves, fruits and endocarps may represent an efficient tool for the characterization and discrimination of cultivars and the establishment of relationships among them. In recent years, much attention has been focused on the application of molecular markers, due to their high diagnostic efficiency and independence from environmental and phenological variables. RESULTS: In this study, we present a semi-automatic methodology of detecting various morphological parameters. With the aid of computing and image analysis tools, we created semi-automatic algorithms applying intuitive mathematical descriptors that quantify many fruit, leaf and endocarp morphological features. In particular, we examined quantitative and qualitative characters such as size, shape, symmetry, contour roughness and presence of additional structures such as nipple, petiole, endocarp surface roughness, etc.. CONCLUSION: We illustrate the performance and the applicability of our approach on Greek olive cultivars; on sets of images from fruits, leaves and endocarps. In addition, the proposed methodology was also applied for the description of other crop species morphologies such as tomato, grapevine and pear. This allows us to describe crop morphologies efficiently and robustly in a semi-automated way.

11.
Disabil Rehabil ; 27(23): 1435-42, 2005 Dec 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16418058

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Develop, deliver, and assess the efficacy of a 4-week web-based leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) motivational program based on the Transtheoretical Model and tailored to inactive adults with physical disabilities. METHOD: This was a pilot-based study incorporating a true experimental design with one treatment and one control group. The intervention program was delivered on the web and was based on the constructs of the Transtheoretical Model. From the 151 individuals who completed the LTPA standardized questionnaire at baseline, 75 people participated in the 1-month post-test assessment. RESULTS: The results of the analysis confirmed the pretest LTPA scores as the study covariate for the post-test assessment (F (1,72)=16.06, p=0.001, (2 )= 0.18). Based on the one-way ANCOVA, there were no statistically significant differences in LTPA scores between the treatment and control groups at post-test. However, the corresponding effect size and variance explained by the treatment approached a moderate level of significance (d=0.34 and (2 )= 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Although conclusive statements about program effectiveness cannot be secured, several 'lessons learned' from this project may be 'key factors' for program improvement. Given the pilot nature of the study and the limited resources for program development and monitoring, continued examination of such motivational materials and delivery mechanisms for people with physical disabilities appear warranted.


Assuntos
Pessoas com Deficiência/reabilitação , Exercício Físico , Promoção da Saúde , Internet , Motivação , Análise de Variância , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Atividades de Lazer , Masculino , Projetos Piloto , Estatísticas não Paramétricas
12.
Med Sci Sports Exerc ; 36(5): 868-75, 2004 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15126723

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Examine the theorized associations of transtheoretical model (TTM) of behavior change constructs (behavioral and cognitive processes of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy), along with exercise barriers, by stage of change for exercise behavior among individuals with physical disabilities. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey of 322 adults with physical disabilities residing in the United States. Most participants (84.3%) used some form of assistive device (e.g., artificial limb, wheelchair), were female (62.1%), and Caucasian (91.9%). The mean age of participants was 52.5 yr (SD = 13.9). Participants completed and returned questionnaires for each TTM construct, along with an exercise barriers measure. RESULTS: In univariate analyses, all constructs were significantly (P < 0.001) associated with the stages of change for exercise behavior, except for dramatic relief (P > 0.005). The largest portion of variance was derived from counter conditioning (eta = 0.45), followed by the five behavioral processes of change combined (eta = 0.40), self-liberation (eta = 0.31), self-efficacy (eta = 0.30), and self-reevaluation (eta = 0.28). Direct discriminant function (multivariate) analysis revealed four discriminant functions which accounted for 71.0% (P < 0.001), 20.9% (P < 0.001), 6.3% (P < 0.05), and 1.8% (P = 0.62), respectively, of the between-group (stage of change) variability. The overall stage of change classification accuracy was 70.8%. CONCLUSION: This was the first study to examine the stages of change for exercise behavior among adults with physical disabilities on the basis of the full TTM and exercise barriers. Overall, the results are in general agreement with existing evidence among nondisabled populations. This provides further cross-sectional support for the internal and external validity of TTM and exercise barriers among a unique and understudied population segment.


Assuntos
Pessoas com Deficiência , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Teóricos , Autoeficácia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estados Unidos
13.
Am J Health Promot ; 19(2): 114-7, 2004.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15559711

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To use the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) constructs to examine the most important physical activity stage of change predictors for mostly inactive adults with physical disabilities. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey completed on the Internet. One hundred fifty-one individuals with physical disabilities (50% response rate) completed the survey questionnaires. Self-report standardized measures were used. RESULTS: A direct discriminant function analysis revealed that the most important stage of change predictors were the behavioral (r2 = .88) and cognitive (r2 = .50) processes of change, followed by self-efficacy (r2 = .33) and decisional balance (r2 = .13). The most accurate stages in prediction were the contemplation (76.3%), preparation (58.3%), and precontemplation (40%) stages, whereas the least accurate stages were the action (0.0%) and maintenance (8.3%) stages. CONCLUSION: Health promoters and educators may use strategies from the TTM to develop theory-driven physical activity motivational programs for the posited populace. Considering the cross-sectional design, study replication is warranted.


Assuntos
Pessoas com Deficiência/psicologia , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Modelos Teóricos , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Autoeficácia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estados Unidos
14.
Res Aging ; 36(1): 95-114, 2014 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25651602

RESUMO

Falling is a major health-related risk among older adults due to injuries, disability, and even death. Although physical activity (PA) can prevent falls, most older adults are inactive due to limited motivation. The purpose was to examine a motivational framework whereby the stages of change (SOC) and PA mediated the relations between the theory of planned behavior constructs and falls risks among 172 diverse older adults (M age = 72.36). The participants were assessed using standardized scales. Based on the path analysis, the hypothesized framework fit the sample data. The SOC and perceived control had significant path coefficients for PA (.48 and .43, respectively), and PA was linked to falls risks (-.54). Subjective norm was mostly associated with the SOC followed by attitude and perceived control. The variance explained in the SOC, PA, and falls risks were 28%, 59%, and 29%, respectively. Health promoters can use the proposed framework to promote PA and decrease falls risk.


Assuntos
Acidentes por Quedas/estatística & dados numéricos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Atividade Motora , Medição de Risco/métodos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Sudeste dos Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
15.
Health Educ Behav ; 40(3): 305-10, 2013 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22773599

RESUMO

This study tested moderators of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) based on geographical region, gender, race, and income among adolescents in an exercise context using multigroup path analyses. Participants were eighth- and ninth-grade students from Louisiana (LA; N = 448, M age = 14.37 years) and Pennsylvania (PA; N = 681, M age = 14.28 years). They completed measures of intention, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and exercise behavior. Based on two path analyses, geographical region was a significant moderator (p < .001); therefore, the moderating effects of gender, race, and income were analyzed separately for each state. Gender was a significant moderator for LA (p < .001) but not for PA (p = .90). Race and income did not moderate the TPB relationships within each state. Findings support the moderating effect of geographical region on the TPB construct relationships and indicate that gender moderates the TPB construct relationships in LA youth.


Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Intenção , Adolescente , Atitude , Humanos , Louisiana , Modelos Teóricos , Pennsylvania , Classe Social , Inquéritos e Questionários
16.
Disabil Health J ; 5(4): 261-8, 2012 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23021737

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Understanding how health beliefs intersect with physical activity in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) is an important step in developing effective activity promotion programs. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to employ the Health Belief Model (HBM) to assess the health beliefs of adults with MS and examine the relationship between health beliefs and physical activity behavior. METHOD: Participants with MS (N = 384) completed a web-based survey assessing the following HBM constructs: perceived susceptibility and seriousness of negative health outcomes, perceived benefits and barriers to physical activity, cues to action, and self-efficacy. Self-reported physical activity was also surveyed. RESULTS: Participant perceptions of susceptibility to negative health outcomes were focused more on physical conditioning and functioning rather than on general health conditions. The most important HBM predictors of physical activity were self-efficacy and perceived benefits of exercise. Even when controlling for the significant effects of disability level on physical activity, self-efficacy and perceived benefits remained robust exercise predictors. CONCLUSION: Individuals with MS believe they can benefit from physical activity and remain healthy even in the context of their disease. They also acknowledge the fact that their disability levels limit their exercise capabilities. Given that self-efficacy and perceived benefits of activity are important determinants of physical activity, health promotion efforts should be directed at these modifiable factors.


Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde , Pessoas com Deficiência , Exercício Físico , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Esclerose Múltipla , Percepção , Autoeficácia , Adulto , Pessoas com Deficiência/psicologia , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esclerose Múltipla/psicologia
17.
Disabil Health J ; 5(1): 1-8, 2012 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22226292

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Given the importance of physical activity (PA) and the low activity levels among adults with physical disabilities, it is important to understand how temporal changes in psychosocial constructs affect PA changes over time. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: Examine if changes in the transtheoretical model (TTM) constructs affected changes in PA levels over time. METHODS: One hundred thirty-two adults with physical disabilities, such as multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injuries, completed a web-based survey once every 4 months, for a total of 3 time points, to assess the TTM constructs and PA. Six latent growth curve analyses were conducted using Mplus(5) to examine if longitudinal changes in the TTM constructs affected temporal changes in PA levels. RESULTS: All six hypothesized models fit the sample data well (e.g., χ(2) = NS; RMSEA = <.001-.06). In a descending order of significance, the best predictors of the initial levels of PA were the stages of change, the behavioral processes of change, the cognitive processes of change, self-efficacy, and perceived pros. The meaningful predictors of PA changes over time were the initial levels and the slopes of the cognitive processes of change, perceived pros, and the behavioral processes of change. Although the slopes of the stages of change and perceived cons did not have a statistically significant effect on PA changes, their effects approached a medium size (.33 and .38, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In order to reassure the maintenance of an exercise program, interventionists need to first emphasize cognitive, motivational strategies (cognitive processes of change), such as the importance of PA and positive thoughts about exercise participation as well as exercise benefits (pros) before they implement behavioral strategies (behavioral processes of change), such as social support, goal setting, and self-rewarding.


Assuntos
Cognição , Pessoas com Deficiência/psicologia , Exercício Físico , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Modelos Psicológicos , Motivação , Adulto , Coleta de Dados , Feminino , Promoção da Saúde , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esclerose Múltipla , Recompensa , Autoeficácia , Apoio Social , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal
18.
Res Q Exerc Sport ; 82(3): 545-54, 2011 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21957713

RESUMO

We examined the measurement properties offall-related psychological instruments with a sample of 133 older adults (M age = 74.4 years, SD = 9.4). Measures included the Comprehensive Falls Risk Screening Instrument, Falls-efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC), modified Survey ofActivities and Fear ofFalling in the Elderly (mSAFFE), Consequences of Falling (CoF), Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), and 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). The FES-I, ABC, mSAFFE, and CoF were significantly correlated with each othe, with SF-36, and with mobility. The ABC and mSAFFE were significantly correlated with PASE. The ABC differentiated between fallers and nonfallers and predicted total falls risk. Findings can assist with the selection of psychological instruments in a falls risk screening context.


Assuntos
Acidentes por Quedas/prevenção & controle , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Medição de Risco , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Análise de Variância , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
19.
Am J Health Promot ; 25(2): e11-20, 2010.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21039286

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Examine the construct validity of a modified stages-of-change (SOC) scale among adults with physical disabilities by investigating the relations among the transtheoretical model (TTM) constructs, physical activity (PA), and SOC. Additionally, the SOC algorithm was compared with previously recommended SOC scales. DESIGN/SETTING: Cross-sectional online survey. SUBJECTS: 271 adults with physical disabilities (x(age)  =  49.25; 73.4% females). MEASURES: Standardized questionnaires for the TTM constructs and PA. ANALYSES/RESULTS: Based on the multivariate analysis of variance, the hypothesized relations between the SOC and the TTM constructs were supported. According to the analysis of variance, PA levels increased almost linearly across the SOC. Precontemplators (x =  8.53 metabolic equivalent [MET]-h/d) had lower PA scores than contemplators (x  =  14.27 MET-h/d) and preparators (x  =  17.64 MET-h/d), who in turn had lower scores than those in action (x  =  23.03 MET-h/d). Based on the direct discriminant function analysis, all TTM constructs were important predictors of the SOC (e.g., r  =  .85 for behavioral processes; r  =  .69 for self-efficacy; and r  =  .58 for cognitive processes). The most accurately predicted SOC were action (76.9%), precontemplation (70.6%), contemplation (44.6%), and preparation (14.9%), with an overall classification accuracy of 56.8%. The study participants were more evenly distributed across the SOC algorithm compared with previous studies. CONCLUSION: The construct validity of the SOC scale was supported. The scale differentiated almost linearly the levels of PA and most TTM constructs, and participants were well-represented across SOC. Health promoters should feel confident in using the proposed SOC scale and the TTM to implement stage-matched PA motivational programs.


Assuntos
Algoritmos , Pessoas com Deficiência/psicologia , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Atividade Motora , Autoeficácia , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Internet , Masculino , Modelos Teóricos
20.
Disabil Health J ; 2(2): 104-9, 2009 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21122748

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: People with disabilities report lower physical activity (PA) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) levels than people without disabilities. Therefore, it is important to identify factors that motivate individuals with disabilities to be physically active and thus increase their HRQOL. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to prospectively explore the effects of past theory of planned behavior (TPB) constructs on future (6-month) HRQOL (physical and mental health) through past stages of change (SOC) and future (6-month) PA among adults with physical disabilities. Two models were tested whereby the SOC and PA served as the mediators between the TPB constructs, physical health (PH-Model), and mental health (MH-Model). It was hypothesized that both models would fit the sample data. METHODS: Participants were 141 adults with physical disabilities (mean age = 46.04, females = 70.9%). The online survey was completed at two different time periods. First, the TPB constructs and SOC were assessed using self-report standardized questionnaires. Six months later, participants completed standardized self-report scales about their PA and HRQOL levels. Using LISREL 8, two path analyses were conducted to examine the two study models (PH-Model and MH-Model). RESULTS: Based on the two path analyses, attitude had the highest effect on SOC followed by perceived behavioral control within both well-fit models. The PH-Model explained more variance in PA (26%) and physical health (55%) than the MH-Model. CONCLUSIONS: Health promoters should reinforce both positive intentions and behavioral experiences to increase PA and HRQOL among adults with physical disabilities.


Assuntos
Atitude , Pessoas com Deficiência , Exercício Físico , Saúde , Saúde Mental , Qualidade de Vida , Autoeficácia , Adulto , Pessoas com Deficiência/psicologia , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Teóricos , Atividade Motora , Estudos Prospectivos , Autorrelato , Inquéritos e Questionários
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