New Hybrid Ethylenediurea (EDU) Derivatives and Their Phytoactivity.

Natural and synthetic phytohormones are widely used in agriculture. The synthetic cytokinin ethylenediurea (EDU) induces protection in plants against ozone phytotoxicity. In our study, new hybrid derivatives of EDU were synthesized and tested for phytoactivity. The germination potential (Gp), germination of seeds (G), and relative water content in leaves (RWC), characterizing the drought resistance of plants, were determined. The results of laboratory studies showed that EDU and its hybrid derivatives have a positive effect on root length, the growth and development of shoots, as well as the ability of plants to tolerate stress caused by a lack of water.

Design, synthesis and structure-activity studies of rhodanine derivatives as HIV-1 integrase inhibitors.

Raltegravir was the first HIV-1 integrase inhibitor that gained FDA approval for use in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Because of the emergence of IN inhibitor-resistant viral strains, there is a need to identify innovative second-generation IN inhibitors. Previously, we identified 2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone (rhodanine)-containing compounds as IN inhibitors. Herein, we report the design, synthesis and docking studies of a series of novel rhodanine derivatives as IN inhibitors. All these compounds were further tested against human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) to determine their selectivity. Two compounds showed significant cytotoxicity in a panel of human cancer cell lines. Taken together, our results show that rhodanines are a promising class of compounds for developing drugs with antiviral and anticancer properties.

Synthesis and cytotoxic properties of 4,11-bis[(aminoethyl)amino]anthra[2,3-b]thiophene-5,10-diones, novel analogues of antitumor anthracene-9,10-diones.

We developed the synthesis of a series of thiophene-fused tetracyclic analogues of the antitumor drug ametantrone. The reactions included nucleophilic substitution of methoxy groups in 4,11-dimethoxyanthra[2,3-b]thiophene-5,10-diones with ethylenediamines, producing the derivatives of 4,11-diaminoanthra[2,3-b]thiophene-5,10-dione in good yields. Several compounds showed marked antiproliferative potency against doxorubicin-selected, P-glycoprotein-expressing tumor cells and p53(-/-) cells. The cytotoxicity of some novel compounds for P-glycoprotein-positive cells is highly dependent on N-substituent at the terminal amino group of ethylenediamine moiety. The cytotoxic potency of selected compounds correlated with their ability to attenuate the functions of topoisomerase I and telomerase, strongly suggesting that these enzymes are the major targets of antitumor activity of anthra[2,3-b]thiophene-5,10-dione derivatives.

Cyanide free contraction of disclosed 1,4-dioxane ring as a route to cobalt bis(dicarbollide) derivatives with short spacer between the boron cage and terminal functional group.

The 1,4-dioxane derivative of cobalt bis(dicarbollide) reacts with dialkylsulfides and triphenylphosphine to give the corresponding sulfonium and phosphonium derivatives [8-L(CH2CH2O)2-3,3'-Co(1,2-C2B9H10)(1',2'-C2B9H11)] (L = SMe2, S(CH2CH2)2O, PPh3). The treatment of the triphenylphosphonium derivative with sodium hydroxide results in contraction of the side chain with formation of [8-HOCH2CH2O-3,3'-Co(1,2-C2B9H10)(1',2'-C2B9H11)](-). The same product was obtained by treatment of the dimethylsulfonium derivative with the poorly nucleophilic base t-BuOK, whereas the stronger nucleophiles induce the sulfur demethylation to give [8-MeS(CH2CH2O)2-3,3'-Co(1,2-C2B9H10)(1',2'-C2B9H11)](-). The alcohol was used for the synthesis of a series of other short-spacer functional derivatives [8-XOCH2CH2O-3,3'-Co(1,2-C2B9H10)(1',2'-C2B9H11)](-) (X = NH2, SH, N3). A similar contraction of the disclosed 1,4-dioxane ring via the reactions with SMe2 and PPh3 can be used for the synthesis of short-spacer functional derivatives of nido-carborane, whereas the 1,4-dioxane derivatives of closo-decaborate and closo-dodecaborate anions, being stronger electron donors, are more stable and do not react with dimethylsulfide and triphenylphosphine.