RESUMO
We present a 'universal' phenomenon of mass accumulation and its sensing on nanostructures due to electron beam cracking of residual gas molecules during electron beam scanning. Though the extent of this phenomenon is limited to a very small increment in mass or thickness, it has significant implications for both the scientific and technological aspects of almost all processes in the nanodomain. Mass accumulation in every frame scan (or per second) is of the order of a few attograms and the thickness of deposition is of the order of picometre (fraction of a monolayer) only. Direct measurement of a mass or thickness of this order is difficult. Nanopillars having a high resonance 'Q-factor' have been successfully exploited for such high precision measurements. The mass accumulation rate has been characterized with respect to (i) electron energy and beam current, (ii) environment within the chamber (presence or absence of a precursor gas) and (iii) partial exposure of the nanopillars to the e-beam.
RESUMO
In a double-blind study of 24 healthy volunteers treated with daily doses of 150 mg flurbiprofen, 600 mg phenylbutazone, 2.1 g aspirin, or placebo for 7 days, assessments were made of faecal blood loss before, during and after treatment. Measurementl body showed that aspirin produced the greatest degree of blood loss. Although both flurbiprofen and phenylbutazone produced greater blood loss than did placebo, the difference from pre-treatment values was not significant, and the levels returned almost to normal in the post-treatment period.
Assuntos
Aspirina/efeitos adversos , Flurbiprofeno/efeitos adversos , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/induzido quimicamente , Fenilbutazona/efeitos adversos , Propionatos/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Método Duplo-Cego , Fezes/análise , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
This study examines the outcome of a management approach to plantar ulceration secondary to leprotic neuropathy. Locally-available resources were used to produce podiatric orthoses which were supplied to an experimental group. The effects on healing time and quality of healing were compared with a control group. Both groups were ambulant (the programme sought not to interfere with socioeconomic independence). Using standard nonparametric methods of analysis, it was demonstrated that the effects on healing rate, attributed to the experimental intervention, were highly significant. Over a 7-month period, 57% of the experimental group ulcers healed, while only 12.5% of the control group ulcers healed. The experimental intervention also demonstrated a positive effect on the quality of ulcer healing. This effect was not reflected in the control group.
Assuntos
Úlcera do Pé/terapia , Hanseníase/complicações , Aparelhos Ortopédicos , Úlcera do Pé/etiologia , Úlcera do Pé/fisiopatologia , Humanos , CicatrizaçãoRESUMO
A controlled trial was implemented to investigate the hypothesis that plantar ulcer sites associated with leprosy, in subjects who were supplied with foot orthoses, would heal more quickly than those in a control group. The population was comprised of individuals with impairments associated with leprosy, living near a leprosy hospital in India. Ulcer area was compared in the two groups and assessed at three-monthly intervals from July 1993 to March 1994. At the March 1994 assessment 58% of ulcers in the experimental group had healed but only 14% in the control group. At this point patients in the control group were supplied with orthoses and three months later, in June 1994, 60% of the ulcers in the experimental group and 62% of ulcers in the control group had healed. The results of this study demonstrate that orthotic intervention can significantly reduce the duration of ulceration.
Assuntos
Úlcera do Pé/microbiologia , Úlcera do Pé/terapia , Hanseníase/complicações , Aparelhos Ortopédicos/normas , Adulto , Estudos Cross-Over , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , CicatrizaçãoRESUMO
Fifty cases operated for foot-drop during the years 1971-82 were called for follow-up. Out of fifty, twenty cases were reported to the hospital. Three cases among the twenty were found to have changes of tarsal disintegration. The changes were found more confined to the talo-navicular junction. X-ray changes both in non-weight and weight bearing were studied. Their line drawings (tracings from actual radiograph) are presented. It is concluded that due attention should be given to the pre-operative evaluation, operative procedure used and post-operative management particularly the weight-bearing and proper footwear.
Assuntos
Reabsorção Óssea/etiologia , Doenças do Pé/cirurgia , Gota/cirurgia , Osteólise Essencial/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Ossos do Tarso , Seguimentos , Humanos , Osteólise Essencial/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia , Ossos do Tarso/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
The extent of loss of vibration and pressure sensations was assessed in 21 leprosy patients with disintegration of the tarsus. Feet which had and did not have tarsal disintegration both showed severe impairment of pressure sensation, but the loss of vibration sense was more severe in feet which had undergone the destructive process. It appears that loss of deep sensation is an important factor in the process of tarsal disintegration in feet which are already anaesthetic. Measurement of vibration sense using a biosthesiometer may be a valuable clinical test in the investigation and follow-up of the patient with the insensitive foot to identify those at risk of developing tarsal disintegration.
Assuntos
Tornozelo/fisiopatologia , Hanseníase/fisiopatologia , Sensação , Adulto , Tornozelo/inervação , Artropatia Neurogênica/fisiopatologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Feminino , Humanos , Hanseníase/patologia , Masculino , Mecanorreceptores/fisiopatologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/fisiopatologia , Exame Neurológico/instrumentação , Pressão , Propriocepção , Limiar Sensorial , VibraçãoRESUMO
Micro-cellular rubber (MCR) foot-wear has been used widely over the past several years for the anaesthetic feet of leprosy. Although MCR has got good shock absorbing and moulding qualities, many tend to reject the foot-wear because of the stigma of the disease which it carries. Two newer models of foot-wear which would meet the demands of anaesthetic sole and avoid the stigma because of their resemblance to foot-wear available in the market were tried. Model mark II fulfilled the needs and was acceptable to the patients. Such models must be tried and acceptable and effective foot-wear need to be made available.
Assuntos
Hanseníase/reabilitação , Sapatos , Desenho de Equipamento , Dermatoses do Pé/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Índia , Plásticos , Preconceito , Borracha , Úlcera Cutânea/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Rehabilitation of the hand in Leprosy with its deformities and anaesthesia no doubt poses a formidable challenge as far as rehabilitation is concerned. Here we have applied a combination of latest concepts in sports physiology and the exercise followed by the students of ancient Indian martial art known as Krishni Vidya. This exercise consists of crumpling a newspaper sheet with a single hand without any external support. We are unable to explain the type of exercise done by the people before existence of newspaper. They might be using naturally occurring materials for the same like woodbark. With this exercise we have been able to improve the function of the hand remarkably well and the rehabilitation time following surgery is drastically reduced, with function returning close to normalcy. The full function is achieved within four weeks from the date of removal of plaster as compared to eight to ten weeks or more with conventional physical therapy. This full function is not only in mobility but also in co-ordination, static and dynamic strength, speed of movement and flexibility required of a normal hand. 16 patients operated for lumbrical replacement (using sublimis as a motor from the long finger) at the Dr. Bandorawalla Leprosy Hospital were put under the paper crumpling exercise. It was observed that the average time for the achievement of fully close fist was two weeks. (All of them had thumb function intact, i.e. either normal or operated-out of sixteen, four patients were operated for opponens prior to lumbrical replacement).
Assuntos
Deformidades Adquiridas da Mão/reabilitação , Hanseníase/reabilitação , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Adulto , Mãos/fisiopatologia , Mãos/cirurgia , Deformidades Adquiridas da Mão/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Hanseníase/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Movimento , PapelRESUMO
A comparative study of the effect of wax therapy and foot soaks on dry plantar skin was conducted in patients with leprosy. Thirty patients with varying grades of fissures and callosities were given wax therapy for feet, and 20 similar patients were given foot soaks. Patients given wax therapy felt subjectively much better than those who had soaking. Healing of cracks and fissures and softening of callosities was observed more frequently in patients with wax therapy. These differences are statistically significant. As an institutional method wax therapy has definite advantages for treating patients with fissures and callosities, whereas soaking of the feet is easy and readily available in patients' homes to restore the dry skin to normal.
Assuntos
Doenças do Pé/terapia , Hanseníase/complicações , Ceras/uso terapêutico , HumanosRESUMO
Tarsal Disintegration (T.D.) is a known entity occurring exclusively in neuropathic foot of Leprosy and being influenced by several factors among which the disease itself and altered biomechanics constitute the main. In this study done on more than fifty cases at the Dr. Bandorawalla Leprosy Hospital, Kondhawa these factors have been studied in detail and it has been found that the increased and abnormal shearing forces constitute one of the major factors both in occurrence and progression of T.D. Treatment based mainly on the conservative lines is thus aimed at minimizing these forces which occur during the heel-toe pattern gait. Depending upon the severity of the case immobilization, periodic check x-rays, graded weight bearing and suitable modified footwear appliance is recommended. A Fixed Ankle Brace (FAB) serves well controlling the ankle movements by its rocker action and ultimately reducing the forces occurring during the normal heel-toe pattern. It has also been found that if the case is detected early and treated promptly the process can be controlled satisfactorily. Careful screening in high risk group is stressed and health education emphasized.
Assuntos
Tornozelo , Doenças Ósseas/terapia , Hanseníase/complicações , Amputação Cirúrgica , Tornozelo/diagnóstico por imagem , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Doenças Ósseas/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Ósseas/etiologia , Humanos , Equipamentos Ortopédicos , Paralisia/etiologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/complicações , Próteses e Implantes , Radiografia , Sapatos , Estresse MecânicoRESUMO
Vitamin B-12 absorption of 12 healthy young male subjects was determined by using labelled vitamin B-12 by Schilling's test and whole body retention test. The whole body retention test was performed first using low energy Co57 isotope and a week later, Schilling's test was performed. Whole body retention showed a mean absorption of 56.5% while Schilling's test showed mean absorption of 16.9% in the same subjects. Data supports the whole body retention test being more accurate.
Assuntos
Absorção Intestinal , Vitamina B 12/metabolismo , Adulto , Radioisótopos de Cobalto , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Teste de Schilling , Vitamina B 12/urina , Contagem Corporal TotalAssuntos
Coagulação Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Flurbiprofeno/administração & dosagem , Adesividade Plaquetária/efeitos dos fármacos , Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos dos fármacos , Propionatos/administração & dosagem , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Esquema de Medicação , HumanosAssuntos
Avaliação da Deficiência , Hanseníase/complicações , Oftalmopatias/classificação , Face/patologia , Paralisia Facial/classificação , Pé/inervação , Deformidades Adquiridas do Pé/classificação , Mãos/inervação , Deformidades Adquiridas da Mão/classificação , Humanos , Índia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/classificação , SensaçãoRESUMO
Three leprosy patients with peg-prosthesis were studied in detail. It was found that there were several disadvantages of this type of prosthesis. However, its application in a rural situation has some merits, and with some suggested modifications, it could be adopted with better results.
Assuntos
Membros Artificiais , Hanseníase/reabilitação , Membros Artificiais/economia , Humanos , Perna (Membro) , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Desenho de Prótese , MadeiraRESUMO
This article emphasizes the vital role of a physical therapist in the surgical programme of the correction of clawing caused in leprosy due to paralysis of intrinsics. Right from the assessment of patient till the final re-education a physical therapist is a must helping in motivating the patient, planning the type of procedure to be performed on him and training the patient post-operatively. If treated early a physical therapist himself can overcome the deformity by the help of various physical therapy measures without surgical intervention.
Assuntos
Deformidades Adquiridas da Mão/reabilitação , Hanseníase/complicações , Modalidades de Fisioterapia/métodos , Deformidades Adquiridas da Mão/etiologia , Deformidades Adquiridas da Mão/cirurgia , Humanos , Hanseníase/cirurgiaRESUMO
Clawing of the hand in Leprosy, which is caused due to paralysis of intrinsics can often be prevented and corrected to some extent if looked in properly. Splints can contribute a lot to this. This article emphasizes the use of variety of splints prepared from alumafoam, hexcelplast and such other materials, as an adjunct to other physiotherapy measures like wax-bath, massage and exercises.