Bibliometric analysis of the scientific production as regards statin use for ophthalmological symptoms of myasthenia gravis. / Análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica sobre el efecto del consumo de estatinas en las manifestaciones oftalmológicas de la miastenia gravis.

INTRODUCTION: The first symptoms of myasthenia gravis (MG) usually involve weakness of the ocular muscles, making it relevant that ophthalmologists have updated information on studies as regards its relationship with the consumption of drugs, such as statins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A bibliometric analysis was performed using the Scopus database and by a search strategy in the selection of documents containing descriptors related to statins in the «Title¼ («TI¼) field and the descriptors «ophthalm *', «myast *', «visual *' in other fields of the document (period 1986-2015). RESULTS: The results showed that, while the number of scientific publications on ocular effects of statins has grown lineally (n=838; y=2.267x-4507.1; r=0.7221; time of duplication: 4.66 years, and rate of annual growth: 50.06%), the specific publications about MG have experienced an exponential growth (n=38; y=2E-262e0.3001x; r=0.3892; time of duplication: 2.95 years, and rate of annual growth: 46.25%) without reaching the saturation postulated in Price theory of the expansion of the scientific literature. The majority of publications relating to MG are reports of cases linked to a worsening of the MG symptoms, and simvastatin and atorvastatin are the agents mentioned in most of the publications. CONCLUSIONS: These results should enable ophthalmologists to expand their knowledge concerning the evolution of studies on statins and MG, pointing out the relevance of such causal relationships.

[Intraocular phakic lens ZSAL-4 for high myopia correction]. / Lente ZSAL-4 para la corrección de la alta miopía.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness, safety and predictability of the phakic intraocular lens (IOL) ZSAL-4 for correction of high myopia. METHODS: In this retrospective study 28 IOL in 19 patientes were implanted. The following data were recorded, preoperatively, one week, one month, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively: spherical equivalent (SE), astigmatism, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), endothelial cell density (CD), coefficient of variation (CV) and intraocular pressure (IOP). We performed LASIK in 3 eyes to correct a residual refractive defect. RESULTS: The mean age was 29.7 S.D. 5.77 years and the mean following 7.62 S.D. 7.29 months. Six months postoperatively, the preoperative SE of -14.91 S.D. 2.88 was reduced to -1.29 S.D. 0.53; the BCVA varied from 0.56 S.D. 0.16 to 0.58 S.D. 0.12; the CD changed from 2670 S.D. 252 cells/mm2 to 2344 S.D. 262. The CV showed stability. The UCVA six months postoperatively was 0.39 S.D. 0.15. No eyes lost any line of BCVA; during the first month 63% of the eyes won 2 or more lines. The efficacy index was 0.83 S.D. 0.24 one month postoperatively and 0.63 S.D. 0.32 one year postoperatively; the safety index was 1.44 D.S. 0.34 and 1.30 S.D. 0.35 respectively. One IOL was explanted the second day due to pupilary blockage; 7 eyes had transient high IOP; 2 eyes developed pupilary ovalization and in 4 cases the IOL suffered some degree of rotation. One eye presented a flat retinal detachment one year postoperatively but with no other complications. The 3 eyes submitted to LASIK presented 0.8 of BCVA the third month after LASIK. CONCLUSIONS: ZSAL-4 IOL implantation is an effective and safe procedure with an acceptable predictability which, in some cases, could be improved with LASIK.