Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 25
Filtrar
Mais filtros

País/Região como assunto
Tipo de documento
Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
J Anim Ecol ; 93(4): 393-405, 2024 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38100230

RESUMO

Comprehending symbiont abundance among host species is a major ecological endeavour, and the metabolic theory of ecology has been proposed to understand what constrains symbiont populations. We parameterized metabolic theory equations to investigate how bird species' body size and the body size of their feather mites relate to mite abundance according to four potential energy (uropygial gland size) and space constraints (wing area, total length of barbs and number of feather barbs). Predictions were compared with the empirical scaling of feather mite abundance across 106 passerine bird species (26,604 individual birds sampled), using phylogenetic modelling and quantile regression. Feather mite abundance was strongly constrained by host space (number of feather barbs) but not by energy. Moreover, feather mite species' body size was unrelated to the body size of their host species. We discuss the implications of our results for our understanding of the bird-feather mite system and for symbiont abundance in general.


Assuntos
Doenças das Aves , Infestações por Ácaros , Ácaros , Passeriformes , Animais , Filogenia , Tamanho Corporal , Infestações por Ácaros/veterinária
2.
Microb Ecol ; 81(4): 1088-1097, 2021 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33225409

RESUMO

Feathers are the habitat of a myriad of organisms, from fungi and bacteria to lice and mites. Although most studies focus on specific taxa and their interaction with the bird host, anecdotal data glimpse feathers as holders of a system with its own ecology, what we call here the stylosphere. A major gap in our knowledge of the stylosphere is the ecology of the total abundance of microorganisms, being also rare to find studies that analyze abundance of more than one group of microorganisms at the bird interspecific level. Here, we quantified bacterial and fungi abundances through qPCR on the wing feathers of 144 birds from 24 passerine and one non-passerine bird species from three localities in Southern Spain. Bacteria and fungi abundances spanned three orders of magnitude among individual birds, but were consistent when comparing the right and the left wing feathers of individuals. Sampling locality explained ca. 14% of the variation in both bacteria and fungi abundances. Even when statistically controlling for sampling locality, microbial abundances consistently differed between birds from different species, but these differences were not explained by bird phylogeny. Finally, bird individuals and species having more bacteria also tended to held larger abundances of fungi. Our results suggest a quite complex explanation for stylosphere microorganisms' abundance, being shaped by bird individual and species traits, as well as environmental factors, and likely bacteria-fungi interactions.


Assuntos
Doenças das Aves , Ácaros , Passeriformes , Animais , Bactérias/genética , Plumas , Fungos/genética , Humanos
3.
Rev Panam Salud Publica ; 42: e31, 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31093060

RESUMO

The Cuban family medicine model has been developed, for more than three decades, as the third model of medical care of the revolutionary period in Cuba. It is the complete expression of the application of the primary health care strategy. However, it is still possible to improve the organization, quality and efficiency of health services in the first level of health care. The objective of this article is to describe the model, its singularities, distinctive elements, main achievements, and challenges. A documentary review was made from journal articles, books and official documents of the Ministry of Public Health of Cuba on the creation and development of the model; documents were selected and analyzed by experts for the preparation of this report. Conceptual elements of the model are presented, as well as indicators supporting the information. The main characteristics of family medicine in Cuba, its fundamental achievements, and challenges are presented. Based on its results, Cuba's family medicine model is a reference for the Region of the Americas. It is still a model in development, however, perfectible and susceptible to transformations to face new challenges, more importantly to renew the model keeping and strengthening the foundational ideas of the program.


O modelo cubano de medicina familiar foi desenvolvido, há mais de três décadas, como o terceiro modelo de assistência médica do período revolucionário em Cuba. É a expressão mais completa da aplicação da estratégia de atenção primária à saúde. Ainda mostra potencial de melhoria na organização, qualidade e eficiência dos serviços de saúde no primeiro nível de cuidados de saúde. O objetivo essencial deste trabalho é descrever o modelo, suas singularidades, elementos distintivos, principais conquistas, e desafios. Para isso, foi feita uma revisão documental em artigos de revistas, livros e documentos oficiais do Ministério da Saúde Pública de Cuba sobre a criação e desenvolvimento do modelo, selecionados e analisados por especialistas para a elaboração deste relatório. Os elementos conceituais do modelo são apresentados, bem como indicadores que suportam a informação. Identificamos as principais características da medicina familiar em Cuba, suas conquistas fundamentais, e desafios. Com base em seus resultados, conclui-se que o modelo de medicina familiar de Cuba é uma referência para a Região das Américas. Ainda é um modelo em desenvolvimento, perfeitável e susceptível a transformações para enfrentar novos desafios, o maior dos quais será renovar o modelo com a manutenção e fortalecimento das idéias fundamentais do programa.

5.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 71(2): 135-138, 2024 Jun 30.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39298126

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Hymenoptera stings can produce IgE-mediated reactions, toxic reactions, or atypical reactions, which are rare. Cold urticaria has been described among the cutaneous manifestations in the atypical ones, but there is only one case of chronic urticaria. CASE REPORT: A 56-year-old female patient experienced palmoplantar pruritus and generalized urticaria 60 minutes after two vespid stings, requiring medical assistance and several cycles of home treatment with oral antihistamines and corticosteroids for resolution in 12 weeks. Allergological studies showed normal tryptase and primary sensitization to Polistes dominula venom. Given the patient's profession, venom immunotherapy was started with Polistes dominula 100% without recurrence of urticaria after its administration. CONCLUSIONS: We present a case of IgE-mediated systemic reaction followed by self-limited chronic urticaria, related chronologically to the same vespid sting trigger.


ANTECEDENTES: La picadura de himenópteros puede producir reacciones mediadas por IgE, reacciones tóxicas o reacciones atípicas poco frecuentes. Dentro de las manifestaciones cutáneas por reacciones atípicas se incluye urticaria por frío, y sólo existe un informe de caso de urticaria crónica. REPORTE DE CASO: Paciente femenina de 56 años, quien 60 minutos después de recibir dos picaduras de véspidos manifestó prurito palmoplantar y urticaria generalizada, precisando asistencia sanitaria y varios ciclos de tratamiento domiciliario con antihistamínicos y corticosteroides por vía oral, con curación completa luego de 12 semanas. El estudio alergológico reportó: concentración de triptasa normal y sensibilización primaria al veneno de Polistes dominula. Debido a la profesión de la paciente se inició inmunoterapia con veneno de Polistes dominula al 100%, sin recurrencia de la urticaria después de la administración. CONCLUSIÓN: El caso aquí expuesto combina una reacción sistémica mediada por IgE seguida de urticaria crónica, de curso autolimitado, cronológicamente relacionada con el mismo desencadenante (picadura de véspidos).


Assuntos
Urticária Crônica , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos/complicações , Urticária Crônica/etiologia , Urticária Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Venenos de Vespas/efeitos adversos , Venenos de Vespas/imunologia , Vespas , Urticária/etiologia
6.
Cancers (Basel) ; 15(8)2023 Apr 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37190128

RESUMO

Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) are extensively used for the therapy of multiple myeloma. However, patients continuously relapse or are intrinsically resistant to this class of drugs. In addition, adverse toxic effects such as peripheral neuropathy and cardiotoxicity could arise. Here, to identify compounds that can increase the efficacy of PIs, we performed a functional screening using a library of small-molecule inhibitors covering key signaling pathways. Among the best synthetic lethal interactions, the euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2) inhibitor UNC0642 displayed a cooperative effect with carfilzomib (CFZ) in numerous multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines, including drug-resistant models. In MM patients, EHMT2 expression correlated to worse overall and progression-free survival. Moreover, EHMT2 levels were significantly increased in bortezomib-resistant patients. We demonstrated that CFZ/UNC0642 combination exhibited a favorable cytotoxicity profile toward peripheral blood mononuclear cells and bone-marrow-derived stromal cells. To exclude off-target effects, we proved that UNC0642 treatment reduces EHMT2-related molecular markers and that an alternative EHMT2 inhibitor recapitulated the synergistic activity with CFZ. Finally, we showed that the combinatorial treatment significantly perturbs autophagy and the DNA damage repair pathways, suggesting a multi-layered mechanism of action. Overall, the present study demonstrates that EHMT2 inhibition could provide a valuable strategy to enhance PI sensitivity and overcome drug resistance in MM patients.

7.
Exp Hematol Oncol ; 12(1): 71, 2023 Aug 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37563685

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy, accounting for approximately 1% of all cancers. Despite recent advances in the treatment of MM, due to the introduction of proteasome inhibitors (PIs) such as bortezomib (BTZ) and carfilzomib (CFZ), relapses and disease progression remain common. Therefore, a major challenge is the development of novel therapeutic approaches to overcome drug resistance, improve patient outcomes, and broaden PIs applicability to other pathologies. METHODS: We performed genetic and drug screens to identify new synthetic lethal partners to PIs, and validated candidates in PI-sensitive and -resistant MM cells. We also tested best synthetic lethal interactions in other B-cell malignancies, such as mantle cell, Burkitt's and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. We evaluated the toxicity of combination treatments in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). We confirmed the combo treatment' synergistic effects ex vivo in primary CD138+ cells from MM patients, and in different MM xenograft models. We exploited RNA-sequencing and Reverse-Phase Protein Arrays (RPPA) to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the synergy. RESULTS: We identified lysine (K)-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) as a top candidate whose inhibition can synergize with CFZ treatment. LSD1 silencing enhanced CFZ sensitivity in both PI-resistant and -sensitive MM cells, resulting in increased tumor cell death. Several LSD1 inhibitors (SP2509, SP2577, and CC-90011) triggered synergistic cytotoxicity in combination with different PIs in MM and other B-cell neoplasms. CFZ/SP2509 treatment exhibited a favorable cytotoxicity profile toward PBMCs and BMSCs. We confirmed the clinical potential of LSD1-proteasome inhibition in primary CD138+ cells of MM patients, and in MM xenograft models, leading to the inhibition of tumor progression. DNA damage response (DDR) and proliferation machinery were the most affected pathways by CFZ/SP2509 combo treatment, responsible for the anti-tumoral effects. CONCLUSIONS: The present study preclinically demonstrated that LSD1 inhibition could provide a valuable strategy to enhance PI sensitivity and overcome drug resistance in MM patients and that this combination might be exploited for the treatment of other B-cell malignancies, thus extending the therapeutic impact of the project.

8.
Cancers (Basel) ; 13(6)2021 Mar 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33799793

RESUMO

Multiple myeloma is a malignancy of terminally differentiated plasma cells, characterized by an extreme genetic heterogeneity that poses great challenges for its successful treatment. Due to antibody overproduction, MM cells depend on the precise regulation of the protein degradation systems. Despite the success of PIs in MM treatment, resistance and adverse toxic effects such as peripheral neuropathy and cardiotoxicity could arise. To this end, the use of rational combinatorial treatments might allow lowering the dose of inhibitors and therefore, minimize their side-effects. Even though the suppression of different cellular pathways in combination with proteasome inhibitors have shown remarkable anti-myeloma activities in preclinical models, many of these promising combinations often failed in clinical trials. Substantial progress has been made by the simultaneous targeting of proteasome and different aspects of MM-associated immune dysfunctions. Moreover, targeting deranged metabolic hubs could represent a new avenue to identify effective therapeutic combinations with PIs. Finally, epigenetic drugs targeting either DNA methylation, histone modifiers/readers, or chromatin remodelers are showing pleiotropic anti-myeloma effects alone and in combination with PIs. We envisage that the positive outcome of patients will probably depend on the availability of more effective drug combinations and treatment of early MM stages. Therefore, the identification of sensitive targets and aberrant signaling pathways is instrumental for the development of new personalized therapies for MM patients.

9.
Nutrients ; 11(10)2019 Oct 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31614459

RESUMO

Angiogenesis drives evolution and destabilisation of atherosclerotic plaques and the growth and expansion of tumour cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the main endogenous pro-angiogenic factor in humans. The aim was to provide insight into the anti-VEGF activity of bioactive compounds derived from aromatic amino acids (serotonin, melatonin, 3-indoleacetic acid, 5-hydroxytryptophol and hydroxytyrosol). Experiments involved endothelial cell migration (wound-healing assay), the molecular mechanisms (ELISA assay) and the downstream effects (phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCγ1), protein kinase B (Akt) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) by Western blot) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The data suggest for the first time that hydroxytyrosol interacts with surface components of the endothelial cell membrane (, preventing VEGF from activating its receptor. Serotonin and 5-hydroxytryptophol significantly inhibited HUVEC migration (98% and 50%, respectively) following the same mechanism. Conversely to other bioactive compounds, the anti-angiogenic effect of melatonin, serotonin, 3-indoleacetic acid and 5-hydroxytryptophol is not mediated via PLCγ1. However, hydroxytyrosol inhibits PLCγ1 phosphorylation. Additionally, melatonin and serotonin maintained eNOS phosphorylation and hydroxytyrosol significantly activated eNOS-all via Akt. These data provide new evidence supporting the interest in melatonin, serotonin, 3-indoleacetic acid, 5-hydroxytryptophol and hydroxytyrosol for their further exploitation as anti-VEGF ingredients in food.


Assuntos
Melatonina/farmacologia , Álcool Feniletílico/análogos & derivados , Serotonina/farmacologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana , Humanos , Hidroxitriptofol/farmacologia , Ácidos Indolacéticos/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Indolacéticos/farmacologia , Neovascularização Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo III/genética , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo III/metabolismo , Álcool Feniletílico/farmacologia , Fosfolipase C gama/genética , Fosfolipase C gama/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo
10.
Leuk Lymphoma ; 59(5): 1095-1104, 2018 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28836866

RESUMO

In this prospective trial, the efficacy of azacitidine in lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (LR-SMD) lacking del(5q) was compared to best supportive care (BSC) at 1:1. The primary endpoint was the achievement of erythroid hematologic improvement (HI-E) after nine cycles. Thirty-six patients received at least ≥1 cycle. HI-E was confirmed 44.4% randomized to Aza and in 5.5% of patients receiving BSC (p < .01). After entry in Aza extension period, transfusion independence was achieved in all Aza responders with a median duration of 50 weeks (range: 17-231). No significant differences were observed in secondary endpoints. Importantly, variant allele frequency (VAF) of some mutated genes (RET, SF3B1, ASXL1) decreased after 9 months of treatment in Aza-responder patients. In conclusion, LR-MDS patients lacking del5q and resistant to ESAs, who receive 5 days Aza, achieve TI in a substantial proportion of cases and results in modifications in mutational landscape.


Assuntos
Anemia/terapia , Azacitidina/uso terapêutico , Transfusão de Sangue/métodos , Deleção Cromossômica , Cromossomos Humanos Par 5/genética , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/terapia , Cuidados Paliativos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anemia/epidemiologia , Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/genética , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/patologia , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida
12.
Am J Ophthalmol ; 134(5): 681-8, 2002 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12429243

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To report the efficacy of povidone-iodine as a treatment for conjunctivitis in pediatric patients. DESIGN: Double-masked, controlled, prospective clinical trial. METHODS: In an ophthalmology clinic in a general hospital in Manila, Philippines, 459 children (mean [SD] age 6.6 [6.6] years; range, 7 months-21 years) with acute conjunctivitis were studied. Infected eyes were cultured for bacteria and underwent immunofluorescent testing for Chlamydia trachomatis. Viral conjunctivitis was diagnosed if bacterial cultures were negative and diagnostic criteria were met. Subjects were alternated to receive povidone-iodine 1.25% or neomycin-polymyxin-B-gramicidin ophthalmic solution, one drop 4 times daily in the affected eye. Ocular inflammation was evaluated daily by the family or patient and weekly by an ophthalmologist. The main outcome measures were days until cured and proportion cured after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: Despite adequate statistical power (power >80% for a 1-day difference and P <.05), there was no significant difference between treatment groups regarding the number of days to cure or proportion cured at 1 or 2 weeks whether caused by bacteria or virus (P =.133-.824 for the four comparisons). After 1 week of treatment, povidone-iodine cured marginally more chlamydial infections than the antibiotic (P =.057). By 2 weeks, fewer chlamydial infections were cured than those of viral or bacterial etiology (P =.0001). The younger the patient, the faster their conjunctivitis resolved (R = 0.13, P =.013). CONCLUSIONS: Povidone-iodine 1.25% ophthalmic solution was as effective as neomycin-polymyxin B-gramicidin for treating bacterial conjunctivitis, somewhat more effective against chlamydia, and as ineffective against viral conjunctivitis. Povidone-iodine ophthalmic solution should be strongly considered as treatment for bacterial and chlamydial conjunctivitis, especially in developing countries where topical antibiotics are often unavailable or costly.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos Locais/uso terapêutico , Conjuntivite Bacteriana/tratamento farmacológico , Conjuntivite Viral/tratamento farmacológico , Povidona-Iodo/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Túnica Conjuntiva/microbiologia , Túnica Conjuntiva/virologia , Conjuntivite Bacteriana/microbiologia , Conjuntivite Viral/virologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Gramicidina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Neomicina/uso terapêutico , Soluções Oftálmicas , Polimixina B/uso terapêutico , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Vírus/isolamento & purificação
13.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 42: e31, 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-961742

RESUMO

RESUMEN El modelo de medicina familiar cubano se desarrolla, desde hace más de tres décadas, como el tercer modelo de atención médica del período revolucionario en Cuba. Es la expresión más acabada de la aplicación de la estrategia de atención primaria de salud. Aún muestra potencial para la mejora en la organización, la calidad y la eficiencia de los servicios de salud en el primer nivel de atención de salud. El objetivo esencial de este trabajo es describir el modelo, sus singularidades, sus elementos distintivos, y sus principales logros, retos y desafíos. Se realizó una revisión documental en artículos de revistas, libros y documentos oficiales del Ministerio de Salud Pública de Cuba sobre la creación y desarrollo del modelo, seleccionados y analizados por expertos para la elaboración del presente informe. Se presentan elementos conceptuales del modelo, así como indicadores que sustentan la información. En este trabajo se identificaron las principales características de la medicina familiar en Cuba, sus logros fundamentales, retos y desafíos. Con base en sus resultados, se concluye que el modelo de medicina familiar de Cuba es un referente para la Región de las Américas. Es aún un modelo en desarrollo, perfectible y susceptible de transformaciones para enfrentar nuevos retos, el mayor de los cuales será renovar el modelo manteniendo y fortaleciendo las ideas fundacionales del programa.


ABSTRACT The Cuban family medicine model has been developed, for more than three decades, as the third model of medical care of the revolutionary period in Cuba. It is the complete expression of the application of the primary health care strategy. However, it is still possible to improve the organization, quality and efficiency of health services in the first level of health care. The objective of this article is to describe the model, its singularities, distinctive elements, main achievements, and challenges. A documentary review was made from journal articles, books and official documents of the Ministry of Public Health of Cuba on the creation and development of the model; documents were selected and analyzed by experts for the preparation of this report. Conceptual elements of the model are presented, as well as indicators supporting the information. The main characteristics of family medicine in Cuba, its fundamental achievements, and challenges are presented. Based on its results, Cuba's family medicine model is a reference for the Region of the Americas. It is still a model in development, however, perfectible and susceptible to transformations to face new challenges, more importantly to renew the model keeping and strengthening the foundational ideas of the program.


RESUMO O modelo cubano de medicina familiar foi desenvolvido, há mais de três décadas, como o terceiro modelo de assistência médica do período revolucionário em Cuba. É a expressão mais completa da aplicação da estratégia de atenção primária à saúde. Ainda mostra potencial de melhoria na organização, qualidade e eficiência dos serviços de saúde no primeiro nível de cuidados de saúde. O objetivo essencial deste trabalho é descrever o modelo, suas singularidades, elementos distintivos, principais conquistas, e desafios. Para isso, foi feita uma revisão documental em artigos de revistas, livros e documentos oficiais do Ministério da Saúde Pública de Cuba sobre a criação e desenvolvimento do modelo, selecionados e analisados por especialistas para a elaboração deste relatório. Os elementos conceituais do modelo são apresentados, bem como indicadores que suportam a informação. Identificamos as principais características da medicina familiar em Cuba, suas conquistas fundamentais, e desafios. Com base em seus resultados, conclui-se que o modelo de medicina familiar de Cuba é uma referência para a Região das Américas. Ainda é um modelo em desenvolvimento, perfeitável e susceptível a transformações para enfrentar novos desafios, o maior dos quais será renovar o modelo com a manutenção e fortalecimento das idéias fundamentais do programa.


Assuntos
Humanos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/organização & administração , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Cuba
14.
Artigo em Espanhol | PAHOIRIS | ID: phr-34902

RESUMO

[RESUMEN]. El modelo de medicina familiar cubano se desarrolla, desde hace más de tres décadas, como el tercer modelo de atención médica del período revolucionario en Cuba. Es la expresión más acabada de la aplicación de la estrategia de atención primaria de salud. Aún muestra potencial para la mejora en la organización, la calidad y la eficiencia de los servicios de salud en el primer nivel de atención de salud. El objetivo esencial de este trabajo es describir el modelo, sus singularidades, sus elementos distintivos, y sus principales logros, retos y desafíos. Se realizó una revisión documental en artículos de revistas, libros y documentos oficiales del Ministerio de Salud Pública de Cuba sobre la creación y desarrollo del modelo, seleccionados y analizados por expertos para la elaboración del presente informe. Se presentan elementos conceptuales del modelo, así como indicadores que sustentan la información. En este trabajo se identificaron las principales características de la medicina familiar en Cuba, sus logros fundamentales, retos y desafíos. Con base en sus resultados, se concluye que el modelo de medicina familiar de Cuba es un referente para la Región de las Américas. Es aún un modelo en desarrollo, perfectible y susceptible de transformaciones para enfrentar nuevos retos, el mayor de los cuales será renovar el modelo manteniendo y fortaleciendo las ideas fundacionales del programa.


[ABSTRACT]. The Cuban family medicine model has been developed, for more than three decades, as the third model of medical care of the revolutionary period in Cuba. It is the complete expression of the application of the primary health care strategy. However, it is still possible to improve the organization, quality and efficiency of health services in the first level of health care. The objective of this article is to describe the model, its singularities, distinctive elements, main achievements, and challenges. A documentary review was made from journal articles, books and official documents of the Ministry of Public Health of Cuba on the creation and development of the model; documents were selected and analyzed by experts for the preparation of this report. Conceptual elements of the model are presented, as well as indicators supporting the information. The main characteristics of family medicine in Cuba, its fundamental achievements, and challenges are presented. Based on its results, Cuba’s family medicine model is a reference for the Region of the Americas. It is still a model in development, however, perfectible and susceptible to transformations to face new challenges, more importantly to renew the model keeping and strengthening the foundational ideas of the program.


[RESUMO]. O modelo cubano de medicina familiar foi desenvolvido, há mais de três décadas, como o terceiro modelo de assistência médica do período revolucionário em Cuba. É a expressão mais completa da aplicação da estratégia de atenção primária à saúde. Ainda mostra potencial de melhoria na organização, qualidade e eficiência dos serviços de saúde no primeiro nível de cuidados de saúde. O objetivo essencial deste trabalho é descrever o modelo, suas singularidades, elementos distintivos, principais conquistas, e desafios. Para isso, foi feita uma revisão documental em artigos de revistas, livros e documentos oficiais do Ministério da Saúde Pública de Cuba sobre a criação e desenvolvimento do modelo, selecionados e analisados por especialistas para a elaboração deste relatório. Os elementos conceituais do modelo são apresentados, bem como indicadores que suportam a informação. Identificamos as principais características da medicina familiar em Cuba, suas conquistas fundamentais, e desafios. Com base em seus resultados, conclui-se que o modelo de medicina familiar de Cuba é uma referência para a Região das Américas. Ainda é um modelo em desenvolvimento, perfeitável e susceptível a transformações para enfrentar novos desafios, o maior dos quais será renovar o modelo com a manutenção e fortalecimento das idéias fundamentais do programa.


Assuntos
Atenção Primária à Saúde , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Cuba , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Medicina de Família e Comunidade , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde
16.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 33(1): 90-99, ene.-mar. 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-901154

RESUMO

Introducción: la evaluación de la formación de los residentes de la especialidad de Medicina General Integral se realiza mediante las visitas de control a los procesos formativos que realizan las Facultades de Ciencias Médicas, por los elementos que aportan los educandos en el proceso de evaluación profesoral y mediante la reacreditación docente de los policlínicos docentes. Objetivo: caracterizar el estado actual de la evaluación de la formación de la especialidad de Medicina General Integral. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, durante el primer semestre del año 2015, en los policlínicos docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Dr. Miguel Enríquez", el universo de estudio estuvo conformado por 100 residentes de MGI y los 13 jefes de los departamentos docentes de los policlínicos de los municipios de Regla, Guanabacoa, San Miguel del Padrón y el Cotorro, se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos, así como cuantitativos y cualitativos. Resultados: la totalidad de los jefes de departamento docentes de los policlínicos le conceden importancia a la evaluación de la formación de la especialidad por su parte, los residentes consideran que estos procesos evaluativos garantizan mayor calidad de la formación y mejora la infraestructura y el funcionamiento de los servicios en los policlínicos. Conclusiones: la evaluación de la formación de la especialidad de Medicina General Integral está respaldado por los documentos normativos emanados por el Ministerio de Salud Pública(AU)


Introduction: The assessment of the residents training in the specialty of family medicine is carried out through visits to control the training processes carried out by the School of Medical Sciences, considering the elements provided by the students in the process of teacher evaluation and through the teacher re-accreditation of the polyclinic teachers. Objective: To characterize the present state of the assessment to the training in the specialty of family medicine. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out during the first semester of 2015, in the School Polyclinic of Dr. Miguel Enríquez School of Medical Sciences. The universe of study consisted of 100 family medicine residents and the 13 heads of the Polyclinic teaching Departments of the municipalities of Regla, Guanabacoa, San Miguel del Padrón, and Cotorro, using theoretical and empirical methods whether quantitative and qualitative. Results: All the heads of teaching Departments of the Polyclinics gave importance to the assessment of the training in the specialty. On the other hand, the residents consider that these evaluative processes guarantee better quality of the training and improve the infrastructure and the operation of services in polyclinics. Conclusions: The assessment of the training in the specialty of family medicine is supported by the regulative documents issued by the Ministry of Public Health(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Avaliação Educacional , Medicina Geral/educação , Especialização
17.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 32(3)jul.-set. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-960486

RESUMO

Introducción: los retos de la educación superior plantean la necesidad de un proceso educativo basado en los principios de excelencia, calidad y pertinencia, donde los entornos virtuales juegan un importante papel. Objetivos: describir a los cursistas y al programa de estudio e identificar el grado de satisfacción de los egresados del curso virtual Elementos esenciales para el trabajo en la Atención Primaria de Salud con las competencias adquiridas. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo. El universo estuvo constituido por 17 profesionales de la salud de diferentes países de la región. Variables estudiadas: programa de estudio, profesores, país de procedencia, expectativas y satisfacción en relación con los temas recibidos. Resultados: el programa estuvo compuesto por una etapa de familiarización con el entorno virtual, 5 temas y una actividad de integración final. En el claustro predominaron los profesores auxiliares (88,2 por ciento) y másteres en Ciencias (100 por ciento). Las expectativas de los estudiantes fueron cumplidas, hubo predominio de muy satisfecho con los temas recibidos destacándose los temas: Enfoque social de la salud y Participación social y comunitaria (100 por ciento), así como la organización y desarrollo general del curso (100 por ciento) y la calidad y actualización de la bibliografía disponible (94,1 por ciento). Conclusiones: el curso virtual facilita las herramientas fundamentales para realizar proyectos de intervención integral en la Atención Primaria de Salud con enfoque social y humanista. Existe satisfacción con los temas impartidos y se reconocieron: la calidad, actualidad de los temas, la profesionalidad del claustro, el excelente trabajo en equipo de profesores y el acompañamiento durante el curso(AU)


Introduction: The challenges of higher education raise the need for an educational process based on the principles of excellence, quality and relevance, where virtual environments play an important role. Objectives: Describe the course participants and the program of study and identify the degree of satisfaction of graduates of the virtual course Essentials for work in Primary Health Care with the skills acquired. Method: A descriptive study was conducted. The universe was composed of 17 health professionals from different countries in the region. Variables studied were the program of study, teachers, national origin, expectations and satisfaction with the subjects received. Results: The program consisted of a stage of familiarization with the virtual environment, 5 topics and a final integration activity. The body of professors was dominated by assistant professors (88.2 percent) and master's degrees in Science (100 percent). The student expectations were met, there was a predominance of very satisfied with the subjects received highlighting topics such as social approach to health and social and community (100 percent), as well as the overall participation and organization and development of the course (100 percent) and the quality and updating of the available literature (94.1 percent). Conclusions: The virtual course provides the fundamental tools for projects comprehensive intervention in primary health care with social and humanistic approach. Their satisfaction with subjects taught and recognized quality, timeliness of the topics, the professionalism of the body of professors, the excellent teamwork of teachers and support during the course(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Satisfação Pessoal , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Educação a Distância/métodos , Ciências da Saúde/educação , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais
18.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 30(2): 0-0, abr.-jun. 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-735354

RESUMO

Introducción: el Análisis de Situación de Salud (ASIS) es considerado como el insumo básico para la toma de decisiones en el sector salud, su conocimiento, comprensión y aplicabilidad permite la adecuada y pertinente planeación de intervenciones en salud. Objetivo: contribuir al perfeccionamiento del Análisis de la Situación de Salud en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Método: se realizó una revisión documental relacionada con el análisis de la situación de Salud y la atención primaria. Conclusiones: la introducción del enfoque de género en el ASIS permite una lectura diferente de la información que disponemos con un nivel de análisis superior de los problemas de salud.


Introduction: the Health Situation Analysis (HSA) is regarded as the basic input for the decision-making in the healthcare sector; knowledge about, understanding and applicability of this element allows adequate and relevant planning of health interventions. Objective: to contribute to the improvement of the Health Situation Analysis in the primary health care. Methods: adocumentary review was made on the health situation analysis and the primary health care. Conclusions: the introduction of the gender focus in the health situation analysis makes it possible to construe gathered information in a different way with upgraded analysis of health problems.

19.
J Comp Neurol ; 513(4): 335-48, 2009 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19177517

RESUMO

Recent developmental studies indicate that distinct neuronal subpopulations in the amygdala, including somatostatin (SOM)-containing neurons, originate from progenitor domains in the anterior entopeduncular area, thus suggesting a different origin from subpallial territories for amygdalar versus cortical SOM-expressing interneurons, the latter derived from the dorsal part of the medial ganglionic eminence. In this context, we carried out an immunohistochemical study analyzing spatiotemporal expression patterns for SOM- and neuropeptide Y (NPY)-containing neurons in the embryonic, postnatal, and adult mouse amygdala. Our results indicate that SOM- and NPY-immunoreactive cells are present in the amygdalar complex from embryonic day (E)12.5, and that these peptidergic cells seem to arise from the anterior entopeduncular area progenitor domain. From E12.5 on there was a notable increase in the number and immunoreactivity of cells containing these peptides in distinct territories of the amygdalar complex, reaching a peak around birth. The distribution pattern for NPY neurons was very similar to that of SOM neurons in most nuclei of the amygdala, although the number of NPY neurons was always lower than that of SOM. At postnatal ages a reduction in the number of immunoreactive cells is observed in most amygdalar nuclei, remaining then similar from P14 to the adult. We interpret this reduction of the number of immunoreactive neurons in relation to the increased immunoreactivity for axons that occurs postnatally. We also suggest that the anterior entopeduncular area-derived SOM- and NPY-containing neurons in pallial and subpallial amygdaloid nuclei become local interneurons and projection neurons, respectively.


Assuntos
Tonsila do Cerebelo/embriologia , Tonsila do Cerebelo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Neurônios/metabolismo , Neuropeptídeo Y/metabolismo , Somatostatina/metabolismo , Envelhecimento , Tonsila do Cerebelo/metabolismo , Animais , Western Blotting , Contagem de Células , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Camundongos , Fotomicrografia
20.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 29(2): 228-233, abr.-jun. 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-689657

RESUMO

El análisis de la situación de salud, como herramienta epidemiológica, resulta indispensable para el establecimiento de proyecciones y estrategias del sistema de salud, pues permite identificar diferencias tanto entre las poblaciones y los grupos como al interior de estos, y así focalizar mejor las intervenciones que conduzcan a un mayor éxito en la prestación de servicios y satisfacción de la población. Objetivo: reflexionar sobre aspectos relacionados con el enfoque de género en el análisis de la situación de salud desde la perspectiva de las determinantes sociales de salud. Método: se realizó una revisión de algunos aspectos relacionados con limitaciones y dificultades encontradas en la aplicación del análisis de la situación de salud, recogidos en la literatura nacional y sobre la base de la experiencia de las autoras. Desarrollo: a partir de las insuficiencias en la ejecución del análisis de la situación de salud, de las que han dado cuenta investigaciones precedentes, se aportan criterios que justifican la aplicación de un enfoque de género desde la determinación social de la salud. Conclusiones: las insuficiencias identificadas en la práctica del análisis de la situación de salud en el contexto cubano actual, han de ser transformadas en función de su aplicabilidad y control de los procesos, a lo que contribuiría la introducción del enfoque de género y de los determinantes sociales de la salud...


The analysis of health situation, as an epidemiologic tool, is indispensable for the establishment of implications and strategies in the health system because it allows identifying the differences between populations and groups, to better target the interventions that lead to greater success in the provision of services and the satisfaction of the population. Objective: to reflect on aspects related to gender approach in the analysis of health situation from the perspective of social determinants of healthMethod: a review of some aspects related to limitations and difficulties found in the analysis of health situation, which were reflected in the national literature and based on the experience of the authors was made. Development: from the inadequacies in the implementation of the analysis of health situation, realized in previous research, criteria are given to justify the application of a gender approach from the social determinants of health. Conclusions: the insufficiencies identified in the practice of the analysis of health situation in the current Cuban context should be transformed according to their applicability and process control, to contribute to the introduction of a gender approach and the social determinants of health...


Assuntos
Humanos , Diagnóstico da Situação de Saúde , Saúde de Gênero
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA