Congenital cholesteatoma: what radiologists need to know.

Congenital cholesteatoma is a rare, non-neoplastic lesion that causes conductive hearing loss in children. It is underrecognized and often diagnosed only when there is an established hearing deficit. In the pediatric population, hearing deficiency is particularly detrimental because it can impede speech and language development and, in turn, the social and academic well-being of affected children. Delayed diagnosis leads to advanced disease that requires more extensive surgery and a greater chance of recurrence. A need to promote awareness and recognition of this condition has been advocated by clinicians and surgeons, but no comprehensive imaging review dedicated to this entity has been performed. This review aims to discuss the diagnostic utility of high-resolution computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in preoperative and postoperative settings in congenital cholesteatoma. Detailed emphasis is placed on the essential preoperative computed tomography findings that facilitate individualized surgical management and prognosis in the pediatric population.

Hybrid Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography Bone Scan for Diagnosis Of Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a commonly used imaging modality to detect early avascular necrosis (AVN). When MRI is inconclusive, bone scan is helpful in detecting AVN during early phase of the disease. As newer nuclear medicine equipment, such as single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and positron emission tomography, are emerging in medical science, the role of these imaging modalities in AVN of femoral head is re-evaluated.

A Rare Case of Laryngopyocele with Airway Obstruction.

Laryngocele is a rare entity and can be defined as an abnormal cystic dilatation of saccule of the laryngeal ventricle with communication to the lumen of larynx. Laryngopyocele is a rare complication of laryngocele when it is infected. Patients may present with fever, neck swelling, shortness of breath, and hoarseness. Acute presentation can develop rapidly with alarming symptom, such as stridor, which signifies airway obstruction and warrants immediate treatment and airway protection. Computed tomography and endoscopy are useful in making the diagnosis and delineate the severity of disease. Laryngopyocele should be treated with antibiotics, drainage of purulent content, and followed by definitive surgical excision.