The combination of allantoin, bisabolol, D-panthenol and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate mitigates UVB-induced PGE2 synthesis by keratinocytes.

OBJECTIVE: Erythema, characterized by the redness of the skin, is a common skin reaction triggered by various endogenous and exogenous factors. This response is often a result of the activation of underlying inflammatory mechanisms within the skin. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential benefits of applying a combination of skincare ingredients, namely allantoin, bisabolol, D-panthenol and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (AB5D), in the modulation of inflammatory factors associated with erythema. Additionally, the study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which these ingredients exert their combined actions to alleviate erythema-associated inflammation. METHODS: Human epidermal keratinocytes were exposed to UVB and subsequently treated with AB5D. Transcriptomics profiling was performed to analyse the dose-response effect of AB5D treatment on keratinocytes. The quantitation of inflammatory mediators, including PGE2 , IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1RA and TNFα, was performed on cultured media. Additionally, the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay was carried out to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity of both individual ingredients and the AB5D combination. To assess the in-vitro antioxidant effects of AB5D against UVB-induced oxidative stress in hTERT keratinocytes, real-time quantitation of mitochondrial superoxide was measured through live-cell imaging. RESULTS: The application of AB5D to UVB-exposed keratinocytes downregulated gene sets associated with inflammatory responses, highlighting the anti-inflammatory properties of AB5D. Specifically, AB5D effectively reduced the production of PGE2 , leading to the downregulation of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, our findings indicate that AB5D exhibits antioxidative capabilities, functioning as both an antioxidant agent and a regulator of antioxidant enzyme expression to counteract the detrimental effects of cellular oxidative stress. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that AB5D can reduce UVB-induced PGE2 , IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1RA and TNFα as well as mitochondrial superoxide. These findings suggest that AB5D may alleviate erythema by modulating inflammation via PGE2 and through antioxidation mechanisms.

L'érythème, caractérisé par une rougeur sur la peau, est une réaction cutanée fréquente déclenchée par divers facteurs endogènes et exogènes. Il s'agit d'une réponse qui résulte souvent de l'activation des mécanismes inflammatoires sous-jacents dans la peau. OBJECTIF: cette étude vise à étudier les bénéfices potentiels de l'application d'une association d'ingrédients de soins cutanés, à savoir l'allantoïne, le bisabolol, le D-panthénol et le glycyrrhizinate dipotassique (AB5D) dans la modulation des facteurs inflammatoires associés à l'érythème. En outre, l'étude vise à élucider les mécanismes par lesquels ces ingrédients exercent leurs actions combinées pour soulager l'inflammation associée à l'érythème. MÉTHODES: les kératinocytes épidermiques humains ont été exposés aux UVB et traités par la suite par AB5D. Un profilage transcriptomique a été effectué pour analyser l'effet dose-réponse du traitement par AB5D sur les kératinocytes. La quantification des médiateurs inflammatoires, y compris PGE2, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1RA et TNFα, a été effectuée sur des milieux de culture. En outre, le dosage de la capacité d'absorption des radicaux oxygénés (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity, ORAC) a été effectué pour évaluer la capacité antioxydante totale des deux ingrédients individuels et de l'association AB5D. Pour évaluer les effets antioxydants in vitro de l'AB5D contre le stress oxydatif induit par les UVB dans les kératinocytes hTERT, on a mesuré la quantification en temps réel du superoxyde mitochondrial par des tests d'imagerie des cellules vivantes. RÉSULTATS: l'application de l'AB5D aux ensembles de gènes régulés à la baisse exposés aux kératinocytes UVB associés à des réponses inflammatoires, a mis en évidence les propriétés anti-inflammatoires de l'AB5D. Plus précisément, l'AB5D a efficacement réduit la production de PGE2, entraînant une régulation négative des cytokines inflammatoires. En outre, nos résultats indiquent que l'AB5D présente des capacités antioxydantes. Il fonctionne à la fois comme un agent antioxydant et comme un régulateur de l'expression enzymatique antioxydante pour contrer les effets néfastes du stress oxydatif cellulaire. CONCLUSION: nous avons montré que l'AB5D pouvait réduire la PGE2 induite par les UVB, l'IL-1α, l'IL-6, IL-8, IL-1RA et le TNFα, ainsi que le superoxyde mitochondrial. Ces résultats suggèrent que l'AB5D pourrait soulager l'érythème en modulant l'inflammation via la PGE2 et via des mécanismes d'antioxydation.

Interactions and effects of a stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice on oral pathogens and the oral microbiome.

Numerous studies have investigated the effects of stannous ions on specific microbes and their efficacy in reducing dental plaque. Nonetheless, our understanding of their impact on the oral microbiome is still a subject of ongoing exploration. Therefore, this study sought to evaluate the effects of a stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice in comparison to a zinc-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice and a control group on intact, healthy oral biofilms. Utilizing the novel 2bRAD-M approach for species-resolved metagenomics, and FISH/CLSM with probes targeting periodontal and caries associated species alongside Sn2+ and Zn2+ ions, we collected and analyzed in situ biofilms from 15 generally healthy individuals with measurable dental plaque and treated the biofilms with dentifrices to elucidate variations in microbial distribution. Although significant shifts in the microbiome upon treatment were not observed, the use of a stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice primarily led to an increase in health-associated commensal species and decrease in pathogenic species. Notably, FISH/CLSM analysis highlighted a marked reduction in representative species associated with periodontitis and caries following treatment with the use of a stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice, as opposed to a zinc-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice and the control group. Additionally, Sn2+ specific intracellular imaging reflected the colocalization of Sn2+ ions with P. gingivalis but not with other species. In contrast, Zn2+ ions exhibited non-specific binding, thus suggesting that Sn2+ could exhibit selective binding toward pathogenic species. Altogether, our results demonstrate that stannous ions could help to maintain a healthy oral microbiome by preferentially targeting certain pathogenic bacteria to reverse dysbiosis and underscores the importance of the continual usage of such products as a preventive measure for oral diseases and the maintenance of health.

Impact of antibacterial detergent on used-towel microbiomes at species-level and its effect on malodor control.

The impact of antibacterial detergent on microbial exchanges and its subsequent effect on malodor in used towels were examined. Homogenization of microbiome among postwashed and indoor dried towels that was dominated by known malodor-producing bacteria. The microbial exchange was attenuated, and the abundance of malodor-producing bacteria was reduced in towels laundered with antibacterial detergent. Reduction of malodorous volatile organic compounds produced from towels laundered with antibacterial detergent.

Species-Resolved Metagenomics of Kindergarten Microbiomes Reveal Microbial Admixture Within Sites and Potential Microbial Hazards.

Microbiomes on surfaces in kindergartens, the intermediate transfer medium for microbial exchange, can exert significant impact on the hygiene and wellbeing of young children, both individually and as a community. Here employing 2bRAD-M, a novel species-resolved metagenomics approach for low-biomass microbiomes, we surveyed over 100 samples from seven frequently contacted surfaces by children, plus individual children's palms, in two kindergartens. Microbiome compositions, although kindergarten-specific, were grouped closely based on the type of surface within each kindergarten. Extensive microbial admixture were found among the various sampled sites, likely facilitated by contact with children's hands. Notably, bacterial species with potential human health concerns and potentially antibiotic-resistant, although found across all sampled locations, were predominantly enriched on children's hands instead of on the environmental sites. This first species-resolved kindergarten microbiome survey underscores the importance of good hand hygiene practices in kindergartens and provides insights into better managing hygiene levels and minimizing spread of harmful microbes in susceptible indoor environments.