RESUMO
The proportion of senior citizens in the global population has been on a steady rise, and the current population is forecasted to double in a few decades. Against this backdrop, the prevalence of senescence seclusion syndrome, characterized by prolonged social isolation in the elderly, is increasing concurrently. Given the profound threats this syndrome poses to the mental, physical, and social well-being of this vulnerable demographic, implementing effective interventions is imperative to mitigate these threats and enhance the quality of life. This review aims to assess the efficacy of the interventional modalities critically. Studies were reviewed following comprehensive searches in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, and focusing on empirical studies from 2019 to 2024 that evaluated the efficacy of the major intervention categories - social, technological, psychological, and physical interventions. The findings indicate that initiatives that promote consistent social engagement, such as community-organized social events and structured group activities, significantly reduced loneliness and bolstered social connections. Furthermore, technological interventions, including artificial intelligence and virtual reality, have notably enhanced elderly connectivity with their communities. Additionally, psychological interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, have also been effective in alleviating symptoms of anxiety and depression associated with the syndrome, with group sessions enhancing social interaction and significantly diminishing isolation. Moreover, physical interventions involving group exercises and other activities have fostered improvements in the physical, mental, and social well-being of the elderly. This study underscores the importance of a multifaceted approach that is individualized according to preference and circumstance in addressing senescence seclusion syndrome.
RESUMO
Background: Diabetic foot infection represents a significant complication of diabetes mellitus, contributing substantially to morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure worldwide. Accurate diagnosis relies on a comprehensive assessment integrating clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and microbiological analysis. Management necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, encompassing surgical intervention, antimicrobial therapy, and advanced wound care strategies. Preventive measures are paramount in reducing the incidence and severity, emphasizing patient education, regular foot screenings, and early intervention. Methods: The researchers performed a systematic review of literature using PUBMED MESH keywords. Additionally, the study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews at the Center for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York (CRD42021277788). This review provides a comprehensive overview of the microbial spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility patterns observed in diabetic foot infections. Results: The search through the databases finally identified 13 articles with 2545 patients from 2021 to 2023. Overall, the predominant Gram-positive microbial species isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus fecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Whereas the predominant Gram-negative included Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion: Diabetic foot infections represent a complex and multifaceted clinical entity, necessitating a holistic approach to diagnosis, management, and prevention. Limited high-quality research data on outcomes and the effectiveness of guideline recommendations pose challenges in updating and refining existing DFI management guidelines. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021277788, identifier CRD42021277788.