Two ambuic acid dimers derived from homo-endo Diels-Alder reaction from Pestalotiopsis versicolor.

Two new dimers of ambuic acid, pestaloversicoloric acids A (1) and B (2), and a known derivative, 13(S)-hydroxyambuic acid (3), were isolated from the static fermentation product of Pestalotiopsis versicolor. The structural identification was accomplished via analyses on the data of HR-MS, 1 D and 2 D NMR, and ECD. Different from the well-known exo-type dimer, torreyanic acid, compounds 1 and 2 represent the first example of endo-type product derived from the intermolecular Diels-Alder reaction of two molecules of ambuic acid derivative with the identical absolute stereochemistry.

Three new polyketides from Ascotricha sp. ZJ-M-5 by the OSMAC strategy.

Three new compounds, ascotrichols A-B (1-2) and ascotrichrone A (3), along with two known isocoumarin derivatives (4-5), were isolated from the solid culture of a sea mud-derived fungus, Ascotricha sp. ZJ-M-5 on rice media. The structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR data, and the absolute configurations were determined by electronic circular dichroism and biogenetic correlation.

Polyketides from Pestalotiopsis zonata and structure revision of pestalrones A and B.

The structures of pestalrones A-B were revised via reinterpretation of the NMR data and a brief chemical transformation from the co-occurring polyketides, in our investigation on the secondary metabolites of Pestalotiopsis zonata, which also afforded a new α-pyrone derivative, pestazonatic acid, and four known analogs.

Two new threitol orsellinates from a sea mud-derived fungus, Ascotricha sp. ZJ-M-5.

Two new d-threitol orsellinates (1-2) were isolated from the EtOAc extract of a sea mud-derived fungus, Ascotricha sp. ZJ-M-5, cultured in Czapek Dox broth. These two compounds featured in the symmetrical substitution of orsellinic acid or acetic acid, which was established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR experiments. The characteristic optical rotations enabled the assignment of the absolute configuration.

Caryophyllene sesquiterpenes from the marine-derived fungus Ascotricha sp. ZJ-M-5 by the one strain-many compounds strategy.

The marine-derived fungus Ascotricha sp. ZJ-M-5, which can produce cyclonerodiol analogues, a 3,4-seco lanostane triterpenoid, and diketopiperazines in an eutrophic medium, was subjected to a one strain-many compounds (OSMAC) analysis. It was found to produce three new caryophyllene derivatives (1-3) and the known 1,3,6-trihydroxy-8-methylxanthone (4) in an oligotrophic medium, Czapek Dox broth with or without Mg(2+). (+)-6-O-Demethylpestalotiopsin A (1) and (+)-6-O-demethylpestalotiopsin C (2), which have a five-membered hemiacetal structural moiety, showed growth inhibitory effects against HL-60 and K562 leukemia cell lines with the lowest GI50 value of 6.9 ± 0.4 µM. It can be concluded that modification of the culture media is still effective in the discovery of novel bioactive fungal secondary metabolites.

Antimicrobial constituents from the flowers of Trollius chinensis.

A new 1-aryl-isochroman, trolliusol A (1), was isolated from the flowers of Trollius chinensis, along with seven known phenolic compounds in an antimicrobial activity-directed phytochemical investigation. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, and their inhibitory activities against one fungus and four bacterial strains were measured.

[A new 3, 4-seco-lanostane triterpenoid from a marine-derived fungus Ascotricha sp. ZJ-M-5].

To study the secondary metabolites of a marine-derived fungus Ascotricha sp. ZJ-M-5, several chromatographic methods including macroporous resin, silica gel, ODS and Sephadex LH-20 were used to isolate the compounds, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic methods. Ten compounds were obtained and identified as ascotrichic acid B (1), (3R)-6-hydroxymellein (2), beta-carboline (3), (22E, 24R)-ergosta-7, 22-diene-3beta, 5alpha, 6beta-triol (4), (22E, 24R)-ergosta-7, 22-diene-3beta, 5alpha, 6beta, 9alpha-tetraol (5), cyclo (Leu-Pro) (6), cyclo (Ile-Leu) (7), cyclo (Pro-Val) (8), cyclo (Pro-Gly) (9), and cyclo (Hpro-Ala) (10). Among them, compound 1 is a new 3, 4-seco-lanostane triterpenoid which has been isolated from the filamentous fungi for the first time, and compounds 2-10 are firstly isolated from Ascotricha genus.

Enzyme kinetics and molecular modeling studies of G6PD(Mahidol) associated with acute hemolytic anemia.

G6PD(Mahidol) enzyme is the most common variant in the Achang Chinese ethnic group and clinically manifests as class II. In this study, G6PD(Mahidol) enzyme was characterized by molecular modeling to understand its kinetics. G6PD(Mahidol), G6PD(G487A) and G6PD(WT) proteins were heterologously expressed in the G6PD-deficient DF213 E. coli strain, purified and their steady-state kinetic parameters were determined. Compared with G6PD(WT), the Km, and Vmax of NADP+ with G6PD(G487A) were about 28-fold and 12-fold lower, respectively. The Ki values of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), NADPH and ATP with G6PD(G487A) showed 29.5-fold, 2.36-fold reduction and 1.83-fold increase, respectively. A molecular modeling of G6PD(G487A) was performed based on the X-ray structure of human G6PD (PDB: 2BH9). It is suggested that Ser-163 might affect the stability of G6PD(G487A) alpha-helix d and beta-strand E, besides the conformation of beta-strand D. In conclusion, the biochemical and structural properties of G6PD(G487A) and G6PD(WT) enzymes are significantly different, which may be responsible for clinical diversity of G6PD deficiencies.

Role of theories in school-based diabetes care interventions: A critical review.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood. School plays an essential role in the management of student diabetes, which reduces the risk of short- and long-term diabetes complications and ensures that students are well-positioned for optimal academic performance and growth. AIM: The aim of this review was to systematically identify and synthesize the literature concerning theory-based diabetes care interventions in K-12 schools in the United States. It critically assessed the specific role of theories and associated essential constructs in intervention design, implementation, outcome measurement, and evaluation. METHODS: Relevant literature was identified by keyword searches of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science. RESULTS: Four interventions met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Of those, two evaluated online diabetes education programs for school personnel and the other two assessed in-person interventions. Three studies adopted a one-group pre-post study design, and the remaining one adopted a one-shot case-study design. Three of the interventions adopted social cognitive theory, and the remaining one was guided by the diffusion of innovations theory. Three studies identified core constructs of a theory as predictors of behavioral change. Two used theory to select or develop intervention techniques. Two studies used theory to customize participant intervention techniques. Two studies discussed their findings in the context of theory. No study used theory to select potential intervention participants. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, despite the value of theory in intervention design and evaluation, theory-based diabetes interventions at school remain scarce. Future research may seek ways to better integrate theory and empirical research.

Three new acylated flavone C-glycosides from the flowers of Trollius chinensis.

Three new flavone C-glycosides with the substitution of the unusual acyl, 2''-O-veratroylisoswertisin (1), 3''-O-2-methylbutyrylisoswertiajaponin (2), and 3''-O-2-methylbutyrylvitexin (3), together with the known compounds of 2''-O-2-methylbutyrylisoswertisin (4), 3''-O-2-methylbutyrylisoswertisin (5), and trollisin I (6) were isolated from the antibacterial fraction of the aqueous extract of the flowers of Trollius chinensis. The structural elucidations of these compounds were carried out by a detailed analysis of the NMR and MS spectra.

[Xanthones from leaves of Calophyllum inophyllum Linn].

To study the xanthones from the leaves of Calophyllum inophyllum Linn., several chromatography methods were employed to isolate the constituents. Investigation on the CHCl3 extract led to the isolation of a new xanthone named inophyxanthone A (1) and four known compounds, which were pancixanthone A (2), gerontoxanthone B (3), jacareubin (4) and pyranojacareubin (5). Among them, compound 2 was obtained from this plant firstly, and compound 3 was obtained for the first time from this genus. The structure of inophyxanthone A (1) was identified as 1, 3, 5-trihydroxy-2-(1, 1-dimethylallyl)xanthone by spectral analysis.

Hybrid of dehydroergosterol and nitrogenous alternariol derivative from the fungus Pestalotiopsis uvicola.

A new hybrid of dehydroergosterol and nitrogenous alternariol derivative, pestauvicomorpholine A (1), and three alternariol analogues (2-4) including a new aminated one, pestauvicolactone A (2), were isolated from the fermentation product of the fungus Pestalotiopsis uvicola on rice media. Compounds 1 and 2 represent the first example of aza-alternariol and aza-alternariol-steroid derived from transamination followed by intermolecular hetero-Diels-Alder reaction.

[A new alkaloid from the husk of Xanthoceras sorbifolia].

AIM: To study the chemical constituents from the husk of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. Repeated column chromatography on silica gel and preparative TLC were used to isolate the compounds whose structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic data (ESIMS, EIMS, 1D and 2D NMR). RESULTS: A new alkaloid was isolated and identified as: 2-methyl-6-(2', 3', 4'-trihydroxybutyl)-pyrazine (I), along with nine known compounds: cleomiscosin D (II), naringenin (III), eriodictyol (IV), kaempferol (V), quercetin (VI), rutin (VII), 5,7-dihydroxychromone (VIII), tyrosol (IX), 1-O-methyl-myo-inositol (X). CONCLUSION: Compound I is a new alkaloid, compounds II, IV, V, VII - X were isolated from this genus for the first time.

[Establishment of RP-HPLC fingerprint for quality assessment of Cortex Periplocae].

OBJECTIVE: To establish the RP-HPLC fingerprint analysis for the quality control of Cortex Periplocae. METHODS: HPLC fingerprint and analysis method of Cortex Periplocae were studied. Kromasil C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) was used, with mixture of acetonitrile and 0.025% phosphate solution as mobile phase in a gradient mode. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. The wavelength of measurement was 220 nm. 15 Batches of Cortex Periplocae were determined. RESULTS: The 15 samples were classified as 4 clusters by cluster analysis and the 6 superior in producing area samples were confirmed to establish the mutual model. The samples' quality was assessed by "Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM 2004". CONCLUSION: The method is simple and reliable. It can be used to evaluate and control the quality of Cortex Periplocae conveniently.

Three new diterpenoids from the resin of Liquidambar formosana.

Three new diterpenoids, liquidambolide A (1) and liquiditerpenoic acids A (2) and B (3), together with 10 known diterpenes were isolated from the resin of Liquidambar formosana Hance, whose structures were elucidated by detailed analysis on the NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectra.

Two new compounds from a marine-derived fungus Penicillium oxalicum.

Two new anthraquinones, emodin-3-O-sulphate (1) and citreorosein-3-O-sulphate (2), as well as five known anthraquinones, were isolated from a marine-derived fungus Penicillium oxalicum. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS).

Two new triterpenoid saponins from the husks of Xanthoceras sorbifolia.

Two new oleanane triterpenoid saponins, xanthohuskisides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the husks of Xanthoceras sorbifolia. The structures of these two compounds were established as 3-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl (1→6)-[ß-D-glucopyranosyl (1→2)]-ß-D-glucopyranosyl, 28-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl (1→6)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]-ß-D-glucopyranosyl 16-deoxybarringtogenol C (1) and 3-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl (1→6)-[ß-D-glucopyranosyl (1→2)]-ß-D-glucopyranosyl, 28-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl (1→6)-ß-D-glucopyranosyl 16-deoxybarringtogenol C (2), respectively, based on the analysis on their spectral data including NMR and HR-ESI-MS. The growth inhibitory activities of compounds 1 and 2 were assayed, and 2 showed moderate activity against U937 cell line with the IG(50) value of 82.85 ± 1.58 µM.

A new cyclonerol derivative from a marine-derived fungus Ascotricha sp. ZJ-M-5.

A new sesquiterpene, ascotrichic acid (1), was isolated from a marine-derived fungus Ascotricha sp., together with the other two known analogues, cyclonerodiol (2) and 10(Z)-cyclonerotriol (3). Its structure was established by spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS).

A novel prenylated xanthone from the stems and leaves of Calophyllum inophyllum.

A novel prenylated xanthone, caloxanthone Q, was isolated from the stems and leaves of Calophyllum inophyllum. The structure elucidation was carried out by detailed spectroscopic analysis.